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Antibiotics
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Antibiotic Use and the Emergence of Antibiotic Resistance in Clinical...
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Antibiotic Use and the Emergence of Antibiotic Resistance in Clinical Settings, 2nd Edition

A special issue of Antibiotics (ISSN 2079-6382). This special issue belongs to the section "Antibiotics Use and Antimicrobial Stewardship".

Deadline for manuscript submissions: 31 January 2027 | Viewed by 1847

Special Issue Editor

Dr. Aleksandra Barac

E-Mail Website
Guest Editor
Clinical Centre of Serbia, Belgrade, Serbia
Interests: infectious diseases; antibiotic resistance; antibacterial stewardship
Special Issues, Collections and Topics in MDPI journals

Special Issue Information

Dear Colleagues,

We are pleased to announce the second edition of the Special Issue, “Antibiotic Use and the Emergence of Antibiotic Resistance in Clinical Settings”.

In the realm of healthcare, the role of antibiotics in combating infectious diseases has been transformative. However, we are becoming increasingly aware that the emergence and development of antibiotic resistance threatens the very foundation of our medical practices. The relationship between antibiotic use and the development of resistance is a critical issue, demanding our immediate attention.

Following the success of the first edition, we are publishing this second edition to further examine this issue and broaden the scope of discussion. Our goal is to assemble a collection of research and insights that delve into the multifaceted relationship between antibiotic usage and the ever-evolving landscape of resistance.

This Special Issue welcomes original research articles and reviews. Research areas may include (but are not limited to) the following: the rational use of antibiotics in clinical infections, the impact of antibiotic consumption on resistance patterns, and the mechanisms underlying the development of resistance.

Dr. Aleksandra Barac
Guest Editor

Manuscript Submission Information

Manuscripts should be submitted online at www.mdpi.com by registering and logging in to this website. Once you are registered, click here to go to the submission form. Manuscripts can be submitted until the deadline. All submissions that pass pre-check are peer-reviewed. Accepted papers will be published continuously in the journal (as soon as accepted) and will be listed together on the special issue website. Research articles, review articles as well as short communications are invited. For planned papers, a title and short abstract (about 250 words) can be sent to the Editorial Office for assessment.

Submitted manuscripts should not have been published previously, nor be under consideration for publication elsewhere (except conference proceedings papers). All manuscripts are thoroughly refereed through a single-blind peer-review process. A guide for authors and other relevant information for submission of manuscripts is available on the Instructions for Authors page. Antibiotics is an international peer-reviewed open access monthly journal published by MDPI.

Please visit the Instructions for Authors page before submitting a manuscript. The Article Processing Charge (APC) for publication in this open access journal is 2900 CHF (Swiss Francs). Submitted papers should be well formatted and use good English. Authors may use MDPI's English editing service prior to publication or during author revisions.

Keywords

  • antibiotic use
  • antibiotic resistance
  • clinical settings
  • clinical infections
  • mechanisms underlying the development of resistance

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Related Special Issue

Published Papers (2 papers)

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Research

14 pages, 432 KB  
Article
A Cross-Sectional Analysis of Clinical and Biological Characteristics of Inpatients with Complicated Acute Pyelonephritis
by Marius-Costin Chițu, Carmen-Marina Pălimariu, Teodor Salmen, Tudor-Petru Nicodin, Delia Reurean-Pintilei, Dan-Arsenie Spînu, Viorel Jinga, Anca Pantea Stoian and Dan Liviu Dorel Mischianu
Antibiotics 2026, 15(4), 363; https://doi.org/10.3390/antibiotics15040363 - 1 Apr 2026
Viewed by 691
Abstract
Background: Complicated acute pyelonephritis (AP) is a severe upper urinary tract infection associated with systemic inflammation, organ dysfunction, and the risk of sepsis. The increasing prevalence of antimicrobial-resistant (AMR) organisms can alter clinical management. This study aimed to characterize the biological profile [...] Read more.
Background: Complicated acute pyelonephritis (AP) is a severe upper urinary tract infection associated with systemic inflammation, organ dysfunction, and the risk of sepsis. The increasing prevalence of antimicrobial-resistant (AMR) organisms can alter clinical management. This study aimed to characterize the biological profile of inpatients with complicated AP and to eventually identify laboratory markers associated with risks of sepsis and AMR infections. Material and Methods: A retrospective observational analysis on 553 adult inpatients diagnosed with complicated AP between 2021 and 2025 was conducted in a tertiary center. Demographic, clinical, and biological parameters were analyzed, including inflammatory markers and renal and hepatic markers. Results: Group characteristics included a mean age of 63.82 ± 15.67 years, and 63% were female. At admission, inflammatory markers were raised, with leukocytosis (15.6 ± 5.8 × 103/µL), neutrophilia (10.1 ± 4.7 × 103/µL), and elevated C-reactive protein (CRP) (median 43.2 mg/dL). Coagulation activation was significant with elevated fibrinogen of 747 ± 145 mg/dL and D-dimer with a median level of 1249 ng/mL, of which 58% exceeded 1000 ng/mL. Mild to moderate renal impairment was frequently observed (creatinine 1.69 ± 0.76 mg/dL). In multivariate analysis, no biological parameter proved to be an independent predictor of AMR status among organisms. Discussion and Conclusions: Inpatients with complicated AP showed a pronounced inflammatory and procoagulant biological profile that did not vary between AMR pathogen and non-AMR pathogen infections. This suggests that the clinical value of biomarkers, such as leukocyte and neutrophile, CRP, D-dimer, fibrinogen, procalcitonin, urea, and creatinine, lies primarily in assessing disease severity rather than predicting antimicrobial resistance. The microbiological profile was dominated by Gram-negative pathogens, particularly Escherichia coli, although a heterogeneous spectrum of microorganisms was identified. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Antibiotic Use and the Emergence of Antibiotic Resistance in Clinical Settings, 2nd Edition)
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16 pages, 271 KB  
Article
Antibiotic Resistance Awareness and Prescribing Behavior Among General Practitioners in Kazakhstan, Kyrgyzstan, Uzbekistan, and Tajikistan
by Yuliya Semenova, Kamila Akhmetova, Shakhnoza Rakhmatullaeva, Makhbuba Muminova, Dilafruz Fakhriddinova, Kenesh Dzhusupov, Asel Kanymetova, Damira Ashyralieva, Mukhabbat Saidova, Shakhlo Yakubova, Lyudmila Pivina and Zaituna Khismetova
Antibiotics 2026, 15(3), 309; https://doi.org/10.3390/antibiotics15030309 - 18 Mar 2026
Viewed by 724
Abstract
Background/Objectives: Despite a wide range of international studies examining antibiotic prescribing practices among physicians, research from Central Asia remains scarce. To address this gap, the present study aimed to investigate antibiotic resistance awareness and prescribing practices among general practitioners (GPs) in Kazakhstan, Kyrgyzstan, [...] Read more.
Background/Objectives: Despite a wide range of international studies examining antibiotic prescribing practices among physicians, research from Central Asia remains scarce. To address this gap, the present study aimed to investigate antibiotic resistance awareness and prescribing practices among general practitioners (GPs) in Kazakhstan, Kyrgyzstan, Uzbekistan, and Tajikistan. Methods: The online questionnaire was completed by 1231 GPs, including 469 from Kazakhstan, 274 from Kyrgyzstan, 369 from Uzbekistan, and 119 from Tajikistan. Results: Most physicians (71.1%) acknowledged that their antibiotic prescribing behavior influences the development of antibiotic resistance in their regions. More than half reported discussing antibiotic resistance with their patients often or very often. However, the strategy of delayed antibiotic prescribing was unknown to 27.1% of GPs. Factors associated with good knowledge of indications for antibiotic prescribing included female sex, older age, working in Uzbekistan, practicing in urban areas, seeing 20 or more patients per day, and use of practice guidelines. Clinical practice guidelines were the most frequently reported source of current information on antibiotic therapy and resistance (20.4%), followed by continuing professional education (15.9%) and textbooks (14.1%). The vast majority of GPs (94.4%) indicated a need for additional information resources to support more rational antibiotic prescribing. The most commonly cited needs were higher-quality clinical practice guidelines (22.5%) and better access to existing guidelines (17.7%). Conclusions: These findings suggest that, despite generally high awareness of antibiotic resistance, important knowledge gaps remain among GPs in Central Asia. Strengthening access to clinical guidelines and continuing professional education may support more rational antibiotic prescribing. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Antibiotic Use and the Emergence of Antibiotic Resistance in Clinical Settings, 2nd Edition)
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