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Antibiotics
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Surgical Site Infections: Epidemiology, Microbiology and Prevention
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Surgical Site Infections: Epidemiology, Microbiology and Prevention

A special issue of Antibiotics (ISSN 2079-6382).

Deadline for manuscript submissions: closed (30 November 2024) | Viewed by 6114

Special Issue Editor

Prof. Dr. Guadalupe Miranda-Novales

E-Mail Website
Guest Editor
Instituto Mexicano del Seguro Social, Mexico City, Mexico
Interests: antibiotic resistance; tuberculosis in pediatric patients; surgery

Special Issue Information

Dear Colleagues,

The development of antibiotics represented a breakthrough in the medical and surgical treatment of multiple infections, with an impact on the increase in life expectancy; however, this achievement is seriously threatened at the global level by antimicrobial resistance, caused by multiple factors, among them excessive and inadequate prescription. We are at the beginning of the post-antibiotic era, in which we will more frequently observe patients who die of infections by multidrug-resistant microorganisms. Surgical site infections (SSIs) constitute a global burden of disease. Guidelines for the prevention SSIs exist, but alone are not  sufficient to ensure the adoption and implementation of their principles. Several questions need to be answered in order to fully embrace the best practices in the prevention and management of surgical infections. This Special Issue titled “Surgical Site Infections: Epidemiology, Microbiology and Prevention” calls for relevant articles in this area of research, addressing topics including but not limited to the following:

  1. Adherence the existing guidelines for the prevention of SSI.
  2. Impact of local programs to reduce SSI rate.
  3. Multidrug-resistant bacteria causing SSI.
  4. Mortality and morbidity of SSI.
  5. Monitoring of prophylactic prescriptions in surgery.
  6. Antimicrobial stewardship programs in surgical units.
  7. Activities to improve clinical practice in surgery teams.

Prof. Dr. Guadalupe Miranda-Novales
Guest Editor

Manuscript Submission Information

Manuscripts should be submitted online at www.mdpi.com by registering and logging in to this website. Once you are registered, click here to go to the submission form. Manuscripts can be submitted until the deadline. All submissions that pass pre-check are peer-reviewed. Accepted papers will be published continuously in the journal (as soon as accepted) and will be listed together on the special issue website. Research articles, review articles as well as short communications are invited. For planned papers, a title and short abstract (about 100 words) can be sent to the Editorial Office for announcement on this website.

Submitted manuscripts should not have been published previously, nor be under consideration for publication elsewhere (except conference proceedings papers). All manuscripts are thoroughly refereed through a single-blind peer-review process. A guide for authors and other relevant information for submission of manuscripts is available on the Instructions for Authors page. Antibiotics is an international peer-reviewed open access monthly journal published by MDPI.

Please visit the Instructions for Authors page before submitting a manuscript. The Article Processing Charge (APC) for publication in this open access journal is 2900 CHF (Swiss Francs). Submitted papers should be well formatted and use good English. Authors may use MDPI's English editing service prior to publication or during author revisions.

Keywords

  • surgical site infection
  • antimicrobial resistance
  • antibiotic prophylaxis
  • antimicrobial stewardship
  • infection prevention and control

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Published Papers (4 papers)

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Research

11 pages, 575 KiB  
Article
Surgical Site Infection after Primary Open Surgery for Laryngeal Cancer in a Tertiary Hospital in Belgrade, Serbia: A 10-Year Prospective Cohort Study
by Jelena Sotirović, Nemanja Rančić, Ljubomir Pavićević, Nenad Baletić, Aleksandar Dimić, Ognjen Čukić, Aleksandar Perić, Milanko Milojević, Nenad Ljubenović, Darko Milošević and Vesna Šuljagić
Antibiotics 2024, 13(10), 918; https://doi.org/10.3390/antibiotics13100918 - 25 Sep 2024
Viewed by 852
Abstract
Background: Surgical site infection (SSI) in laryngeal cancer (LC) patients significantly increases morbidity and may postpone adjuvant therapy. Additionally, SSI can prolong hospitalization, thus representing a burden for the healthcare system. Most of the published studies refer to SSI after salvage laryngectomy. Methods: [...] Read more.
Background: Surgical site infection (SSI) in laryngeal cancer (LC) patients significantly increases morbidity and may postpone adjuvant therapy. Additionally, SSI can prolong hospitalization, thus representing a burden for the healthcare system. Most of the published studies refer to SSI after salvage laryngectomy. Methods: The present prospective cohort study aimed to clarify the incidence and factors associated with SSI in patients after primary open surgery for LC. Through regular hospital surveillance of patients who underwent primary partial or total laryngectomy, we gathered 24 putative factors and identified SSI from 2013 to 2022. Patients with SSI were compared with patients without SSI. Results: SSI was observed in 21 (6.6%) of 319 patients. ULRA showed that the occurrence of SSI was significantly associated with the American Society of Anesthesiologists (ASA) score, other postoperative healthcare-associated (HAI) infection, T classification, N classification, advanced clinical stage (III–IV), length of stay (LOS), duration of drainage, and the National Healthcare Safety Network (NHSN) risk index. Multivariate logistic regression analysis identified two independent factors associated with SSI occurring in these patients: duration of drainage (RR (relative risk) 1.593; 95% CI 1.159–2.189; p = 0.004) and LOS (RR: 1.074; 95% CI: 1.037–1.112; p < 0.001). Conclusions: Our study provided insight into the burden of SSI in LC patients, highlighting several priority areas and targets for quality improvement. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Surgical Site Infections: Epidemiology, Microbiology and Prevention)
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11 pages, 1137 KiB  
Article
The Impact of Cefepime and Ampicillin/Sulbactam on Preventing Post-Cesarean Surgical Site Infections, Randomized Controlled Trail
by Mona A. Abdelrahman, Asmaa Zaki, Sara A. M. Salem, Heba F. Salem, Ahmed R. N. Ibrahim, Ahmed Hassan and Marwa O. Elgendy
Antibiotics 2023, 12(12), 1666; https://doi.org/10.3390/antibiotics12121666 - 27 Nov 2023
Cited by 3 | Viewed by 1632
Abstract
Over the previous three decades, the rate of caesarean sections performed worldwide has grown exponentially. In comparison to a vaginal birth, the risk of all postpartum infections is higher with a cesarean section. One of the key factors contributing to maternal morbidity is [...] Read more.
Over the previous three decades, the rate of caesarean sections performed worldwide has grown exponentially. In comparison to a vaginal birth, the risk of all postpartum infections is higher with a cesarean section. One of the key factors contributing to maternal morbidity is the development of infectious complications in the surgical site after a caesarean section. The primary goal of the research was to compare the efficiency of using ampicillin/sulbactam (AMS) and cefepime (CEF) to reduce the incidence of surgical site infections (SSI) following caesarean delivery. This prospective randomized study was conducted among 200 pregnant women scheduled for elective cesarean section. They were collected from the Obstetrics and Gynecology department of Beni-Suef University Hospital, and then they were randomly assigned into two groups. Group (A) received cefepime 30 min before and 12 h after cesarean delivery, while group (B) received ampicillin/sulbactam 30 min before and 12 h after cesarean delivery. The groups were matched regarding the baseline women characteristics. Comparing the cefepime to the ampicillin/sulbactam revealed that the cefepime significantly decreased superficial SSI from 27% to 14% (0.023). A significant decrease was observed in deep SSI with cefepime compared to ampicillin/sulbactam from 24% to 13% (p-value 0.045). Interestingly, when the cefepime was compared to the ampicillin/sulbactam, we noted that the incidence of endometritis significantly decreased from 13% to 5% (p = 0.048). A noted decrease in post-operative fever in cefepime as compared to ampicillin/sulbactam from 18% to 13% (p-value = 0.329). Receiving prophylactic cefepime pre- and post-cesarean delivery significantly decreases post-operative wound infection and endometritis. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Surgical Site Infections: Epidemiology, Microbiology and Prevention)
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13 pages, 315 KiB  
Article
Healthcare-Associated Ventriculitis in Children during COVID-19 Pandemic: Clinical Characteristics and Outcome of a First Infection
by Jesús David Licona-Enríquez, María Guadalupe Labra-Zamora, Alma Griselda Ramírez-Reyes and María Guadalupe Miranda-Novales
Antibiotics 2023, 12(10), 1501; https://doi.org/10.3390/antibiotics12101501 - 30 Sep 2023
Viewed by 1397
Abstract
During the COVID-19 pandemic, patients in need of neurosurgical care suffered. Elective procedures were postponed, and emergency care visits decreased. Healthcare-associated ventriculitis (HAV) is a serious problem in children, with poor outcomes and frequent relapses. Our objective was to describe the clinical characteristics [...] Read more.
During the COVID-19 pandemic, patients in need of neurosurgical care suffered. Elective procedures were postponed, and emergency care visits decreased. Healthcare-associated ventriculitis (HAV) is a serious problem in children, with poor outcomes and frequent relapses. Our objective was to describe the clinical characteristics and the factors associated with a first HAV in children during two years of the pandemic. A retrospective cross-sectional study was performed from January 2021 to December 2022. The inclusion criteria were patients who developed a first HAV after a primary cerebrospinal fluid diversion procedure. The controls included patients without a first infection. Intraoperative and clinical data were extracted from medical records. A total of 199 CSF diversion surgeries were registered. A first infection occurred in 17 patients (8.5%), including 10 with external ventricular drain (EVD) and 6 with ventricular shunts. Gram-positive cocci were identified in 70.6%. Six patients recovered uneventfully, eight had relapse or superinfections, and three eventually died. Twenty patients were included as controls. Factors associated with a first infection were a younger age (median 9 vs. 102 months, p < 0.01), malnutrition (23.5% vs. 0%, p = 0.03), and an EVD placement (58.8% vs. 10%, p = 0.03). None of the intraoperative factors showed statistically significant differences. The rate of HAV was high. Most cases presented in children <1 year and with an EVD. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Surgical Site Infections: Epidemiology, Microbiology and Prevention)
12 pages, 439 KiB  
Article
The Impact of the COVID-19 Pandemic in Postoperative Neurosurgical Infections at a Reference Center in México
by José Luis Soto Hernández, Luis Esteban Ramírez González, Guadalupe Reyes Ramírez, Carolina Hernández Hernández, Natalia Rangel Torreblanca, Verónica Ángeles Morales, Karen Flores Moreno, Miguel Ramos Peek and Sergio Moreno Jiménez
Antibiotics 2023, 12(6), 1055; https://doi.org/10.3390/antibiotics12061055 - 15 Jun 2023
Cited by 1 | Viewed by 1301
Abstract
The COVID-19 pandemic has had a major global impact on the treatment of hospitalized surgical patients. Our study retrospectively evaluates the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic at a neurosurgical reference center in Mexico City. We compared the number of neurosurgeries, the rate and [...] Read more.
The COVID-19 pandemic has had a major global impact on the treatment of hospitalized surgical patients. Our study retrospectively evaluates the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic at a neurosurgical reference center in Mexico City. We compared the number of neurosurgeries, the rate and type of postoperative infections, the causative microorganisms and in-hospital mortality rates in a 4-year period, from the pre-pandemic year 2019 until 2022. A total of 4150 neurosurgical procedures were registered. In 2020 the total number of surgeries was reduced by 36% compared to 2019 OR = 0.689 (95% CI 0.566–0.834) p ≤ 0.001, transnasal/trans sphenoidal pituitary resections decreased by 53%, and spinal surgeries by 52%. The rate of neurosurgical infections increased from 3.5% in 2019 to 5.6% in 2020 (p = 0.002). Regarding the microorganisms that caused infections, gram positive cocci accounted for 43.5% of isolates, Klebsiella spp. and Pseudomonas spp. caused one third of the infections. No significant differences were found for in-hospital mortality nor patterns of resistance to antibiotics. The number of surgeries increased in the last two years, although the infection rate has returned to pre-pandemic levels. We observed a lower impact from subsequent waves of COVID-19 and despite an increase in the number of surgeries, the surgeries have not amounted to the full pre-pandemic levels. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Surgical Site Infections: Epidemiology, Microbiology and Prevention)
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