Gram-Negative Multidrug-Resistant Pathogens and Their Treatment, 2nd Edition

Special Issue Editor


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Guest Editor
1. Department of Microbiology, Hospital Universitario Príncipe de Asturias, 28805 Madrid, Spain
2. Department of Biomedicine and Biotechnology, Universidad de Alcalá, 28801 Alcalá de Henares, Spain
Interests: antimicrobial properties; biofilm; carbapenemase-producing Enterobacteriaceae; multidrug-resistant Pseudomonas aeruginosa; extensively drug-resistant pseudomonas aeruginosa; Gram-Negative Bacteria; antibiotic multidrug resistance; antibacterial potential; biofilm inhibition; methicillin-resistant staphylococcus aureus
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Special Issue Information

Dear Colleagues,

The first edition of the Special Issue “Gram-Negative Multidrug Resistant Pathogen and Its Treatment” was closed in 2023:

https://www.mdpi.com/journal/antibiotics/special_issues/BGYK2DT77U

It focuses on a critical and widely faced problem of multidrug resistance and has encouraged us to open a second edition with the same topic. As a continuation of the first Special Issue, this second edition continues to explore the development new antibiotics combating carbapenemase-producing Enterobacteriaceae (CPE), multidrug-resistant (MDR), and extensively drug-resistant (XDR) strains of Pseudomonas aeruginosa. We welcome research articles and reviews on topics including antibiotic resistance epidemiology, particularly in rural areas of low-income countries with limited resources, antimicrobial therapy, clinical strategies, and new antimicrobial agent discovery.

New Focus Areas:

Epidemiological studies on the spread of antimicrobial resistance in low-resource settings, including rural areas where surveillance data are often scarce.

Socioeconomic factors influencing antibiotic misuse and resistance, such as poverty, lack of healthcare access, and unregulated antibiotic use.

A One Health approach to understanding the interplay between human, animal, and environmental health in the context of antimicrobial resistance.

Clinical strategies for managing infections caused by MDR and XDR pathogens, including antimicrobial stewardship programs and infection control measures.

Dr. Ramón Pérez-Tanoira
Guest Editor

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Keywords

  • carbapenemase-producing enterobacteriaceae
  • multidrug-resistant and extensively drug-resistant Pseudomonas aeruginosa
  • gram-negative bacteria and antibiotic resistance mechanisms
  • multidrug resistant
  • extended-spectrum beta-lactamase (ESBL) producers
  • antibacterial potential of novel compounds
  • biofilm inhibition strategies
  • quorum sensing disruption as a therapeutic approach

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Published Papers (1 paper)

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Research

15 pages, 636 KiB  
Article
High Prevalence of Multidrug-Resistant Bacterial Colonization Among Patients and Healthcare Workers in a Rural Ethiopian Hospital
by Elena Hidalgo, Teresa Alvaredo-Carrillo, Josefina-Marina Gil-Belda, Clara Portela-Pino, Clara Bares-Moreno, Sara Jareño-Moreno, Paula de la Fuente, Lucía Platero and Ramón Pérez-Tanoira
Antibiotics 2025, 14(7), 717; https://doi.org/10.3390/antibiotics14070717 - 17 Jul 2025
Viewed by 317
Abstract
Background/Objectives: Multidrug-resistant (MDR) bacterial colonization poses a significant risk for subsequent infections, especially within hospital environments. Healthcare workers can inadvertently transmit these MDR bacteria to vulnerable patients, exacerbating the problem. This study aimed to determine the colonization rates of MDR bacteria among patients [...] Read more.
Background/Objectives: Multidrug-resistant (MDR) bacterial colonization poses a significant risk for subsequent infections, especially within hospital environments. Healthcare workers can inadvertently transmit these MDR bacteria to vulnerable patients, exacerbating the problem. This study aimed to determine the colonization rates of MDR bacteria among patients and healthcare workers in a rural Ethiopian hospital with limited resources. Methods: Between 26 May and 6 June 2024, nasal, rectal, vagino-rectal exudate, and stool samples were collected from patients (n = 78) and healthcare workers (n = 11) at Gambo General Hospital (Oromia Region, Ethiopia). Samples were cultured on chromogenic media selective for methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA), vancomycin-resistant Enterococcus spp. (VRE), and carbapenemase-producing Enterobacteriaceae (CPE). Bacterial identification was performed using MALDI-TOF mass spectrometry (Bruker), antimicrobial susceptibility testing using the MicroScan WalkAway system (Beckman Coulter), and genotypic characterization with the MDR Direct Flow Chip kit (Vitro). Results: MRSA nasal colonization was detected in 43.3% of patients (13/30; 95% CI: 27.4–60.8%) and 27.3% of healthcare workers (3/11; 95% CI: 6.0–61.0%) (p = 0.73). Rectal (or stool) colonization by MDR bacteria was significantly higher in pediatric patients (85.0%, 17/20; 95% CI: 62.1–96.8%) than in adults (14.3%, 4/28; 95% CI: 5.7–31.5%) (p < 0.001). Notably, a high proportion of pediatric patients harbored Escherichia coli strains co-producing NDM carbapenemase and CTX-M ESBL, and VRE strains were also predominantly isolated in this group. Conclusions: This study reveals a concerningly high prevalence of MRSA and MDR Enterobacteriaceae, especially among children at Gambo Hospital. The VRE prevalence was also substantially elevated compared to other studies. These findings underscore the urgent need for strengthened infection control measures and antimicrobial stewardship programs within the hospital setting. Full article
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