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Antibiotics
Special Issues
Therapeutic Drug Monitoring of Antibiotics in the Hospital Environment
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Therapeutic Drug Monitoring of Antibiotics in the Hospital Environment

A special issue of Antibiotics (ISSN 2079-6382).

Deadline for manuscript submissions: 25 September 2025 | Viewed by 1091

Special Issue Editor

Dr. Natalia Brucker

E-Mail Website
Guest Editor
Graduate Program in Pharmacology, Pharmacology Department, Federal University of Santa Maria, Santa Maria 97105-900, RS, Brazil
Interests: therapeutic drug monitoring; antibiotics; pharmacology; toxicology

Special Issue Information

Dear Colleagues,

Healthcare systems face several challenges, with microbial infections being one of the main concerns. Therapeutic drug monitoring (TDM) is a strategy that has been encouraged to optimize antimicrobial regimens, thereby increasing therapeutic efficacy and reducing the risk of toxicity and antimicrobial resistance.

This Special Issue welcomes all types of submissions (original research articles, communications, reviews, and perspectives) related to antibiotic TDM in the hospital environment.

Dr. Natalia Brucker
Guest Editor

Manuscript Submission Information

Manuscripts should be submitted online at www.mdpi.com by registering and logging in to this website. Once you are registered, click here to go to the submission form. Manuscripts can be submitted until the deadline. All submissions that pass pre-check are peer-reviewed. Accepted papers will be published continuously in the journal (as soon as accepted) and will be listed together on the special issue website. Research articles, review articles as well as short communications are invited. For planned papers, a title and short abstract (about 100 words) can be sent to the Editorial Office for announcement on this website.

Submitted manuscripts should not have been published previously, nor be under consideration for publication elsewhere (except conference proceedings papers). All manuscripts are thoroughly refereed through a single-blind peer-review process. A guide for authors and other relevant information for submission of manuscripts is available on the Instructions for Authors page. Antibiotics is an international peer-reviewed open access monthly journal published by MDPI.

Please visit the Instructions for Authors page before submitting a manuscript. The Article Processing Charge (APC) for publication in this open access journal is 2900 CHF (Swiss Francs). Submitted papers should be well formatted and use good English. Authors may use MDPI's English editing service prior to publication or during author revisions.

Keywords

  • therapeutic drug monitoring (TDM)
  • antibiotics
  • hospital environment
  • healthcare

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Further information on MDPI's Special Issue policies can be found here.

Published Papers (2 papers)

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Research

14 pages, 1004 KiB  
Article
Therapeutic Drug Monitoring-Based Population Pharmacokinetics of Amikacin in Patients at a Teaching Hospital
by Nadine Arnold Steffens, Estevan Sonego Zimmermann, Francine Johansson Azeredo, Rafael Linden, Luis Junior Finatto, Roberta Zilles Hahn, Alexandre Vargas Schwarzbold, Liliane Souto Pacheco and Natália Brucker
Antibiotics 2025, 14(6), 531; https://doi.org/10.3390/antibiotics14060531 - 22 May 2025
Viewed by 381
Abstract
Background: Amikacin is still an essential antimicrobial to treat life-threatening infections, including multidrug-resistant microorganisms. The effectiveness of treatment has been correlated with the Cmax/MIC ratio, with a ratio of 8 being recommended, which is difficult to reach in some patients. Appropriate antibiotic [...] Read more.
Background: Amikacin is still an essential antimicrobial to treat life-threatening infections, including multidrug-resistant microorganisms. The effectiveness of treatment has been correlated with the Cmax/MIC ratio, with a ratio of 8 being recommended, which is difficult to reach in some patients. Appropriate antibiotic exposure is important for knowing the disposition of the drug in the population. Objectives: We aimed to integrate therapeutic drug monitoring and a populational pharmacokinetic model to assess an optimal dose regimen and respective plasma exposure. Methods: Plasma levels of amikacin in peaks and troughs were determined by LC-MS/MS. The pharmacokinetic parameter was estimated to use nonlinear mixed effect modeling in Monolix® software. The probability of target attainment was also determined using the Simulx™ software. Results: A total of 39 patients were enrolled. A one-compartment model with proportional error model best described amikacin pharmacokinetic parameters, providing a Cl of 1.49 L/h and Vc of 23.18 L. The model developed could characterize the pharmacokinetic profile in Brazilian patients who underwent therapeutic drug monitoring. Conclusions: Amikacin therapeutic drug monitoring should be associated with population pharmacokinetic analysis in dose optimization and individualization, helping maintain appropriate drug exposure in special populations such as critically ill patients. This strategy may contribute to enhancing clinical outcomes. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Therapeutic Drug Monitoring of Antibiotics in the Hospital Environment)
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14 pages, 4003 KiB  
Article
Do Critically Ill Patients Undergoing Continuous Renal Replacement Therapy Require Ceftaroline Dosage Adjustments? Ceftaroline PopPK Model and Dosage Simulations with the Probability of Target Attainment Analysis Based on Retrospective Data
by Arkadiusz Adamiszak, Krzysztof Pietrzkiewicz, Alicja Bartkowska-Śniatkowska, Piotr Smuszkiewicz, Krzysztof Kusza, Edmund Grześkowiak and Agnieszka Bienert
Antibiotics 2025, 14(4), 347; https://doi.org/10.3390/antibiotics14040347 - 27 Mar 2025
Viewed by 447
Abstract
Objectives: We aimed to develop a population pharmacokinetic (PopPK) model and evaluate dosing regimens for different renal clearances and continuous renal replacement therapy (CRRT) settings. Methods: Data were collected from four studies in intensive care unit (ICU) adult patients receiving 400–600 [...] Read more.
Objectives: We aimed to develop a population pharmacokinetic (PopPK) model and evaluate dosing regimens for different renal clearances and continuous renal replacement therapy (CRRT) settings. Methods: Data were collected from four studies in intensive care unit (ICU) adult patients receiving 400–600 mg of ceftaroline every 8–12 h in a one-hour infusion. The PopPK model was developed according to non-linear mixed effects modeling implemented in Monolix 2024R1. To investigate dosing recommendations, Monte Carlo simulations and probability of target attainment (PTA) analysis were performed in Simulx 2024R1. Results: We collected 296 plasma concentrations from 29 non-CRRT patients and 24 pre-filter (systemic), 23 post-filter, and 23 effluent concentrations from four CRRT patients using WebPlotDigitizer (Version 4.7). A five-compartment model, with the first-order elimination from the central compartment and additional elimination with the effluent during CRRT, best described the ceftaroline concentrations. Creatinine clearance (ClCr) was identified as a covariate on the clearance of elimination (Cl) and CRRT modality on the central and peripheral compartments’ volumes and intercompartmental clearance. The results of dosage simulations for different CRRT modalities and ClCr, S. pneumoniae (MIC = 0.25 mg/L) and methicillin-resistant S. aureus (MRSA) (MIC = 1 mg/L) infections, and assumed 100%ƒT>MIC target, revealed that registered ceftaroline dosages are sufficient to achieve assumed PTA, except MRSA infection in patients with augmented renal clearance (ARC). Conclusions: Our successfully developed model allows flexible PK simulations of ceftaroline, including real-time changes in settings and even temporary or permanent cessation of CRRT. However, the results of our study warrant clinical validation and should be used with caution primarily due to the limited CRRT patient number included in the analysis. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Therapeutic Drug Monitoring of Antibiotics in the Hospital Environment)
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