Bloodstream Infection: Current Challenges and Therapeutic Strategies

A special issue of Antibiotics (ISSN 2079-6382).

Deadline for manuscript submissions: 31 December 2026 | Viewed by 424

Special Issue Editors


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Guest Editor
Department of Pharmacology & Toxicology, Medical College of Georgia, Augusta, GA 30912, USA
Interests: antimicrobial stewardship; antimicrobial resistance; infectious diseases
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Guest Editor
Clinical Department of Medical, Surgical and Health Sciences, Trieste University, Trieste, Italy
Interests: antibiotics; synergism; pharmacokinetic; Clostridioides difficile; antimicrobial stewardship
Special Issues, Collections and Topics in MDPI journals

Special Issue Information

Dear Colleagues,

Bloodstream infections (BSIs) represent a high morbidity and high mortality disease state that requires prompt antimicrobial therapy. Robust antimicrobial stewardship programs and novel strategies have been implemented to improve the care of patients with BSIs. While there has been an influx of recent literature concerning the management of BSIs, a need to further optimize therapy to improve outcomes and reduce adverse events associated with antimicrobial therapy remains.

This Special Issue aims to provide a comprehensive update on novel or adapted strategies for the management of patients with BSIs. Manuscripts describing therapeutic and antimicrobial stewardship strategies for the treatment of BSIs will be considered for publication. We welcome original research articles, reviews, or meta-analyses that address the aforementioned considerations. I hope you will consider submitting your work to this Special Issue of Antibiotics.

Dr. Daniel T. Anderson
Dr. Stefano Di Bella
Guest Editors

Manuscript Submission Information

Manuscripts should be submitted online at www.mdpi.com by registering and logging in to this website. Once you are registered, click here to go to the submission form. Manuscripts can be submitted until the deadline. All submissions that pass pre-check are peer-reviewed. Accepted papers will be published continuously in the journal (as soon as accepted) and will be listed together on the special issue website. Research articles, review articles as well as short communications are invited. For planned papers, a title and short abstract (about 250 words) can be sent to the Editorial Office for assessment.

Submitted manuscripts should not have been published previously, nor be under consideration for publication elsewhere (except conference proceedings papers). All manuscripts are thoroughly refereed through a single-blind peer-review process. A guide for authors and other relevant information for submission of manuscripts is available on the Instructions for Authors page. Antibiotics is an international peer-reviewed open access monthly journal published by MDPI.

Please visit the Instructions for Authors page before submitting a manuscript. The Article Processing Charge (APC) for publication in this open access journal is 2900 CHF (Swiss Francs). Submitted papers should be well formatted and use good English. Authors may use MDPI's English editing service prior to publication or during author revisions.

Keywords

  • bloodstream infection
  • antimicrobial stewardship
  • antimicrobial resistance

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Published Papers (1 paper)

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Research

15 pages, 2309 KB  
Article
When Hours Matter: A 24/7 Laboratory and Fast-Track Diagnostic Pathway for Blood Cultures in Critical Patients
by Marta Corbella, Greta Petazzoni, Elena Seminari, Cristina Merla, Debora De Vitis, Elizabeth Iskandar, Alba Muzzi, Marco Rettani, Raffaele Bruno, Fausto Baldanti, Patrizia Cambieri and the San Matteo Pavia Microbiology and Virology Working Group
Antibiotics 2026, 15(5), 425; https://doi.org/10.3390/antibiotics15050425 - 23 Apr 2026
Viewed by 257
Abstract
Background/Objectives: Bloodstream infections are among the most severe infectious diseases, with mortality rates up to 25%. Delays as short as one hour in the diagnosis or initiation of the appropriate antimicrobial therapy can significantly worsen patient outcomes. Methods: This retrospective study, [...] Read more.
Background/Objectives: Bloodstream infections are among the most severe infectious diseases, with mortality rates up to 25%. Delays as short as one hour in the diagnosis or initiation of the appropriate antimicrobial therapy can significantly worsen patient outcomes. Methods: This retrospective study, in an Italian 900-bed hospital from January 2019 to December 2024, evaluates the impact of a 24/7 reorganization of the clinical microbiology laboratory, adding a night shift to ensure around-the-clock processing and introducing a fast-track diagnostic pathway to prioritize the blood cultures from critically ill patients (called urgent blood cultures) in terms of turnaround times for Gram staining, microorganism identification, and resistance marker detection. Results: A total of 194,171 blood cultures were processed. Following the implementation of the 24/7 model, the median Gram stain turnaround time decreased from 4.46 to 1.40 h, microorganism identification turnaround time decreased from 5.75 to 2.35 h, and resistance marker turnaround time from 6.97 to 2.68 h. Significant reductions were observed especially during night shifts. Urgent blood cultures yielded a higher positivity rate (16.22% vs. 13.04%) and included the isolation of time-critical bacteria that can cause meningitis, such as Streptococcus pneumoniae. Conclusions: The continuous around-the-clock processing of blood culture and prioritized blood cultures for critically ill patients significantly reduced reporting times, particularly overnight. This model enhances early sepsis management and exemplifies how tailored and precision microbiology, supported by strong interdisciplinary collaboration and effective communication, can enhance earlier targeted antimicrobial treatment. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Bloodstream Infection: Current Challenges and Therapeutic Strategies)
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