Biofilm-Associated Oral Diseases: Advances in Diagnosis and Challenges in Treatment

A special issue of Antibiotics (ISSN 2079-6382). This special issue belongs to the section "Antibiofilm Strategies".

Deadline for manuscript submissions: 31 December 2025 | Viewed by 3306

Special Issue Editors


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Guest Editor
Department of Oral Health Sciences, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
Interests: oral microbiology; antimicrobials; microbial ecology; oral biofilms; pharmaceutical sciences

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Guest Editor
Bristol Dental School, University of Bristol, Bristol, UK
Interests: microbiology; host-pathogen interactions; periodontology; restorative dentistry; antimicrobial testing of medical devices/materials

Special Issue Information

Dear Colleagues,

Oral diseases represent a significant global health challenge, affecting billions worldwide and imposing a profound impact on overall health, quality of life, and the economy. Central to the development and persistence of many oral diseases is the role of biofilms, the complex microbial communities that adhere to surfaces in the oral cavity and exhibit increased resistance to conventional treatments. These resilient biofilms are key contributors to a spectrum of oral conditions, including dental caries, periodontal diseases, peri-implant infections, and endodontic lesions. Furthermore, the intricate interplay between biofilms and host factors plays a critical role in disease pathogenesis and progression.

This Special Issue, Biofilm-Associated Oral Diseases: Advances in Diagnosis and Challenges in Treatment, seeks to advance our understanding of the mechanisms underlying biofilm-associated oral diseases and to explore innovative diagnostic and therapeutic strategies to overcome current challenges. This Special Issue aims to cover recent advancements in

  • The role of host–biofilm interactions in disease progression and resolution.
  • The molecular and ecological dynamics of oral biofilms.
  • Novel antimicrobial strategies to combat biofilm resilience.
  • Personalized treatment approaches based on microbial profiling.

We welcome contributions that address the multifaceted nature of oral biofilms, including original research, clinical studies, reviews, and case reports. By integrating scientific and clinical perspectives, this Special Issue aims to provide a comprehensive resource for researchers, clinicians, and policymakers dedicated to mitigating the burden of biofilm-associated oral diseases.

Together, let us advance the field of oral health by addressing the persistent challenges posed by biofilm-related diseases through innovative, evidence-based solutions.

Dr. Naiera Zayed
Dr. Cher Farrugia
Guest Editors

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Keywords

  • oral diseases
  • oral biofilms
  • host–biofilm interactions
  • novel antimicrobial strategies
  • molecular dynamics

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Published Papers (2 papers)

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Research

14 pages, 1027 KB  
Article
The Effect of Chlorhexidine Mouthwashes on the Microbiota Associated with Peri-Implantitis Lesions: A Pilot Study
by Félix Pose-Otero, Alexandre Arredondo, Ana Parga, Andrea Muras, Mercedes Gallas, Paz Otero-Casal, José Manuel Pose-Rodríguez and Ana Otero
Antibiotics 2025, 14(10), 1032; https://doi.org/10.3390/antibiotics14101032 - 15 Oct 2025
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Abstract
Background/Objectives: Chlorhexidine (CHX)-based mouthwashes are the most commonly used chemical methods as adjuvants for the treatment of peri-implant diseases, but there is a lack of information on their effect on the peri-implant microbiota. The objective of this study was to evaluate the impact [...] Read more.
Background/Objectives: Chlorhexidine (CHX)-based mouthwashes are the most commonly used chemical methods as adjuvants for the treatment of peri-implant diseases, but there is a lack of information on their effect on the peri-implant microbiota. The objective of this study was to evaluate the impact of short-time (15 days) self-administered 0.05% and 0.12% commercial chlorhexidine mouthwashes on the peri-implant pocket microbiota of patients with peri-implantitis. Methods: In this pilot study, we analyzed the microbial composition of peri-implant lesions in 22 patients before and after a 15-day regimen of thrice-daily use of two commercial chlorhexidine mouthwashes containing 0.05% (n = 11) and 0.12% chlorhexidine (n = 11). Microbial samples were collected using paper points, and the taxonomic composition was determined through sequencing of 16S rRNA gene amplicons using Illumina MiSeq. Results: Although individual responses to chlorhexidine mouthwash treatment varied significantly, neither concentration produced a statistically significant change in the microbial diversity associated with peri-implantitis, suggesting limited treatment penetration into peri-implant lesions. Similarly, changes in the abundance of specific odontopathogens were not statistically significant. Conclusions: We found no significant differences in the effect of mouthwashes with different chlorhexidine concentrations on the peri-implant microbiota in short-period applications. Even though more extensive studies are required, the observed patient-dependent outcomes of both chlorhexidine mouthwashes on the peri-implant microbiota and their limited effect in controlling the abundance of oral pathogens indicate that prescription of chlorhexidine mouthwashes for the treatment of peri-implantitis should be carried out with caution. Novel presentations of chlorhexidine with better penetration capacities should be developed, as they could offer enhanced benefits in managing peri-implant diseases. Full article
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14 pages, 3522 KB  
Article
Thermoplastic Zinc-Infused Polymer for Chairside Socket Seal Abutments Enhances Antimicrobial and Tissue-Integrative Properties
by Wannes Van Holm, Katleen Vandamme, Jill Hadisurya, Ferda Pamuk, Naiera Zayed, Merve Kübra Aktan, Annabel Braem, Andy Temmerman and Wim Teughels
Antibiotics 2025, 14(5), 441; https://doi.org/10.3390/antibiotics14050441 - 27 Apr 2025
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Abstract
Background/Objectives: The essential trace element zinc (Zn) has a pivotal role in wound healing and can show antibacterial activity, but its application in oral implant materials is underexplored. Customized healing abutments can modulate the peri-implant tissue health when appropriate bioactive materials promoting [...] Read more.
Background/Objectives: The essential trace element zinc (Zn) has a pivotal role in wound healing and can show antibacterial activity, but its application in oral implant materials is underexplored. Customized healing abutments can modulate the peri-implant tissue health when appropriate bioactive materials promoting mucosal healing are used. The present study investigated a novel Zn-containing polymer for its potential in soft-tissue engineering applications. Methods: Four traditional materials—titanium, glass ionomer, a composite, and the novel Zn-containing polymer—were tested in vitro for bacterial growth using a multispecies oral bacterial model compared to hydroxyapatite. The biocompatibility of the materials was also evaluated by evaluating the adhesion, proliferation, and cytotoxicity of human oral keratinocytes (HOK-18A) onto these materials, compared to tissue culture plastic. Results: The Zn-containing polymer exhibited a significantly lower biofilm formation compared to conventional materials as it was composed of less pathogenic bacteria. The Zn-containing material also demonstrated a superior biocompatibility towards HOK-18A, approximating the adhesion and proliferation of the keratinocytes to optimal tissue culture conditions. Moreover, these properties did not seem to degrade and were maintained over a period of 31 days. The cytotoxicity assessment revealed no significant reduction in metabolic activity for any material. Conclusions: This study highlights the potential of the novel Zn-containing polymer in soft-tissue engineering, owing to its antimicrobial and biocompatible assets. These properties, combined with the ease of chairside modeling, position the material as a promising alternative for creating customized healing abutments. Further research is needed to explore its mechanism of wound healing modulation and its clinical performance. Full article
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