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Animals
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Management of Wild Boar Populations—Achievements and Problems
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Management of Wild Boar Populations—Achievements and Problems

A special issue of Animals (ISSN 2076-2615). This special issue belongs to the section "Ecology and Conservation".

Deadline for manuscript submissions: 31 October 2024 | Viewed by 4559

Special Issue Editor

Dr. Carlos González-Crespo

E-Mail Website
Guest Editor
Center for Animal Disease Modeling and Surveillance (CADMS), Tupper Hall, Department of Medicine & Epidemiology, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of California, Davis, CA, USA
Interests: modeling; management; epidemiology; AI; conservation

Special Issue Information

Dear Colleagues,

Wild boar (Sus scrofa) populations have traditionally been exposed to intensive hunting pressure, habitat loss, and other human activities. However, during recent decades, conservation efforts and social and environmental factors have increased their range, currently including the urban environment, and the abundance of wild boar populations, leading to a series of management and conservation challenges. These challenges have been exacerbated by the fast spread of African swine fever (ASF) around the world. With wild boar playing a major role in the transmission of ASF among countries, the disease has a devastating economic and social impact. The effective management of wild boar populations requires an integrated approach that considers both ecological and socio-economic factors in local contexts. Further research is needed to better understand how different management approaches affect wild boar populations in different contexts, as well as their interactions with pathogens and other species. This Special Issue covers topics such as population dynamics, spatial behavior, habitat use, management, epidemiology, hunting regulations, and human wildlife interactions and conflicts.

Dr. Carlos González-Crespo
Guest Editor

Manuscript Submission Information

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Keywords

  • population dynamics
  • spatial behavior
  • habitat use
  • management
  • epidemiology
  • hunting regulations
  • human–wildlife interactions
  • human–wildlife conflicts
  • wild pig
  • genetics

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Published Papers (4 papers)

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Research

11 pages, 1249 KiB  
Article
Serological and Molecular Survey of Rickettsial Agents in Wild Boars (Sus scrofa) from Midwestern Brazil
by Nicolas Jalowitzki de Lima, Gracielle Teles Pádua, Ennya Rafaella Neves Cardoso, Raphaela Bueno Mendes Bittencourt, Mariana Avelar Tavares, Warley Vieira de Freitas Paula, Lucianne Cardoso Neves, Carlos Damian Segovia, Gabriel Cândido dos Santos, Maria Carolina de Azevedo Serpa, Denise Caroline Toledo, Lívia Mendonça Pascoal, Marcelo Bahia Labruna, Alexander Welker Biondo and Felipe da Silva Krawczak
Animals 2024, 14(15), 2224; https://doi.org/10.3390/ani14152224 - 31 Jul 2024
Viewed by 624
Abstract
Wild boars (Sus scrofa L.) are considered among the most harmful invasive species worldwide, causing irreversible ecosystem damage, acting as zoonotic spreaders and reservoirs, threatening human and animal health, and having an important economic impact. Accordingly, the present study has assessed the [...] Read more.
Wild boars (Sus scrofa L.) are considered among the most harmful invasive species worldwide, causing irreversible ecosystem damage, acting as zoonotic spreaders and reservoirs, threatening human and animal health, and having an important economic impact. Accordingly, the present study has assessed the rickettsial exposure, tick infestation of wild boars, and rickettsial DNA presence in ticks from infested animals from the Cerrado biome in midwestern Brazil. Anti-Rickettsia spp. antibodies were detected in serum samples of wild boars by immunofluorescence assay. Overall, 106/285 (37.2%) wild boar serum samples from 13 to 18 (72.2%) municipalities showed seroreactivity to at least one of the four Rickettsia spp. antigens tested, the largest number of wild boars serologically tested to Rickettsia spp. in this type of study. Among the 106 seroreactive animals, 34 showed possible homologous reactions between R. parkeri, R. amblyommatis, and R. bellii, with endpoint titers between 128 and 512. A sample of 45 ticks collected from four culled wild boars was identified as Amblyomma sculptum, and all tested negative for rickettsial DNA presence. In conclusion, this study has provided a reliable sampling seroprevalence and indicated high exposure of wild boars to rickettsial agents, with a potential interaction with Rickettsia spp. from the spotted fever group within the Cerrado biome from midwestern Brazil. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Management of Wild Boar Populations—Achievements and Problems)
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8 pages, 2334 KiB  
Communication
Toxoplasma gondii in Wild Boars (Sus scrofa) in Germany: Serological Screening from Thuringia
by Zaida Rentería-Solís, Paul Deutschmann, Thomas W. Vahlenkamp and Kristin Heenemann
Animals 2024, 14(15), 2148; https://doi.org/10.3390/ani14152148 - 24 Jul 2024
Viewed by 534
Abstract
Game meat is an important source of meat borne parasitic infections. Due to its omnivorous diet, the wild boar is an important host of zoonotic parasites such as Toxoplasma gondii. T. gondii can cause severe to fatal disease in immunosuppressed patients, as [...] Read more.
Game meat is an important source of meat borne parasitic infections. Due to its omnivorous diet, the wild boar is an important host of zoonotic parasites such as Toxoplasma gondii. T. gondii can cause severe to fatal disease in immunosuppressed patients, as well as congenital disorders in foetus and neonates. Consumption of undercooked infected meat is a main source of T. gondii infection. Information about the risk of toxoplasmosis through game meat is scarce. We collected serum samples from 42 wild boars from the federal state of Thuringia (Germany) between December 2017 and February 2018. Identification of anti-T. gondii IgG antibodies was conducted using a commercial indirect ELISA kit. Seropositivity was confirmed in 18 of the 42 samples (37.50%). From these, the highest seroprevalence was found in adult animals. This study joins another single database from wild boars in Brandenburg. The necessity of a country-wide database regarding T. gondii prevalence in wild boar and other game meat is pivotal for a profound risk analysis with its consequential impact in future mean hygiene policies. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Management of Wild Boar Populations—Achievements and Problems)
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15 pages, 4811 KiB  
Article
Human–Wildlife Conflict Mitigation Based on Damage, Distribution, and Activity: A Case Study of Wild Boar in Zhejiang, Eastern China
by Junchen Liu, Shanshan Zhao, Liping Tan, Jianwu Wang, Xiao Song, Shusheng Zhang, Feng Chen and Aichun Xu
Animals 2024, 14(11), 1639; https://doi.org/10.3390/ani14111639 - 30 May 2024
Viewed by 562
Abstract
Human–wildlife conflicts are becoming increasingly common worldwide and are a challenge to biodiversity management. Compared with compensatory management, which often focuses on solving emergency conflicts, mitigation management allows decision-makers to better understand where the damage is distributed, how the species are distributed and [...] Read more.
Human–wildlife conflicts are becoming increasingly common worldwide and are a challenge to biodiversity management. Compared with compensatory management, which often focuses on solving emergency conflicts, mitigation management allows decision-makers to better understand where the damage is distributed, how the species are distributed and when the species conduct their activity. Here, we integrated data collected from 90 districts/counties’ damage surveys and 1271 camera traps to understand the damage status, abundance, density and activity rhythms of wild boar (Sus scrofa) in Zhejiang, Eastern China, from January 2019 to August 2023. We found that (1) wild boar–human conflicts were mainly distributed in the northwest and southwest mountainous regions of Zhejiang Province; (2) the total abundance of wild boar was 115,156 ± 24,072 individuals, indicating a growing trend over the past decade and a higher density in the western and southern regions; (3) wild boar exhibited different activity patterns across different damage regions, and the periods around 7:00, 11:00 and 16:00 represented activity peaks for wild boar in seriously damaged regions. The damage distribution, density, distribution and activity rhythms provide specific priority regions and activity intensity peaks for conflict mitigation. We believe that these findings based on the damage, distribution and activity could provide a scientific basis for mitigation management at the county level and enrich the framework of human–wildlife conflict mitigation. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Management of Wild Boar Populations—Achievements and Problems)
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14 pages, 6263 KiB  
Article
Spatiotemporal Patterns of African Swine Fever in Wild Boar in the Russian Federation (2007–2022): Using Clustering Tools for Revealing High-Risk Areas
by Olga I. Zakharova, Fedor I. Korennoy, Ivan V. Yashin, Olga A. Burova, Elena A. Liskova, Nadezhda A. Gladkova, Irina V. Razheva and Andrey A. Blokhin
Animals 2023, 13(19), 3081; https://doi.org/10.3390/ani13193081 - 2 Oct 2023
Cited by 1 | Viewed by 1617
Abstract
African swine fever (ASF) is an infectious disease that affects both domestic pigs (DPs) and wild boar (WB). The WB population plays an important role in the spread of ASF as the WB acts as a natural reservoir of the virus and transmits [...] Read more.
African swine fever (ASF) is an infectious disease that affects both domestic pigs (DPs) and wild boar (WB). The WB population plays an important role in the spread of ASF as the WB acts as a natural reservoir of the virus and transmits it to other susceptible wild and domestic pigs. Our study was aimed at revealing the areas with a high concentration of the WB population, and their potential relationships with the grouping of ASF cases in WB during the course of the ASF spread in the Russian Federation (2007–2022). We collected the annual data on WB numbers by municipalities within the regions of the most intensive ASF spread. We then conducted spatiotemporal analysis to identify clustering areas of ASF cases and compare them with the territories with a high density of WB population. We found that some of the territories with elevated ASF incidence in WB demonstrated spatial and temporal coincidence with the areas with a high WB population density. We also visualized the zones (“emerging hot spots”) with a statistically significant rise in the WB population density in recent years, which may be treated as areas of paramount importance for the application of surveillance measures and WB population control. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Management of Wild Boar Populations—Achievements and Problems)
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