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Recent Advances in Canine Mammary Tumors—2nd Edition
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Recent Advances in Canine Mammary Tumors—2nd Edition

A special issue of Animals (ISSN 2076-2615). This special issue belongs to the section "Companion Animals".

Deadline for manuscript submissions: 31 December 2025 | Viewed by 6276

Special Issue Editors

Dr. Debora Aparecida Pires de Campos Zuccari

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Guest Editor
Laboratório de Investigação Molecular no Câncer (LIMC), Faculdade de Medicina de São José do Rio Preto (FAMERP), Avenida Brigadeiro Faria Lima, 5416, São José do Rio Preto 15090-000, Brazil
Interests: immunohistochemical evaluation of mammary cancer biomarkers; tumor biomarkers in liquid biopsy; extracellular vesicles as diagnostic and prognostic tools for cancer; antioxidant action of melatonin and its potential use in mammary cancer treatment
Special Issues, Collections and Topics in MDPI journals
Dr. Luiz Gustavo de Almeida Chuffa

E-Mail Website
Guest Editor
Department of Structural and Functional Biology, Institute of Biosciences, Universidade Estadual Paulista (UNESP), Botucatu 18618-689, Brazil
Interests: effects of melatonin and its MT2/MT2 receptors on cancer cells; potential therapeutic use of melatonin; paclitaxel; P-MAPA immunomodulator associated with interleukin-12 in ovarian cancer
Special Issues, Collections and Topics in MDPI journals
Dr. Guilherme Henrique Tamarindo

E-Mail Website
Guest Editor
Brazilian Biosciences National Laboratory (LNBio), Brazilian Center for Research in Energy and Materials (CNPEM), Giuseppe Máximo Scolfaro Street, 10.000, Campinas 13083-970, Brazil
Interests: tumor metabolism and metabolic reprogramming; lipid metabolism in cancer; diet as a preventive and therapeutic approach; mitochondria in cancer, tumor immunology and comparative oncology
Special Issues, Collections and Topics in MDPI journals

Special Issue Information

Dear Colleagues,

Canine mammary tumors (CMTs) are the most common neoplasm in intact female dogs, and about 50% of them are considered malignant. A CMT is a good spontaneous animal model of human breast cancer (HBC) research because it shares many similarities, such as epidemiologic, clinical, genetical, biological and pathological characteristics; additionally, their histological and molecular patterns are very heterogeneous. Different hormones and growth factors influence the occurrence of CMTs, but the pathological mechanisms remain unclear. In addition to circulating hormones, their receptors play a central role in mammary tumor formation (estrogen and progesterone receptors). Surgery is still the frontline treatment, but other therapies can be beneficial regarding patients’ survival. Advances in molecular pathways associated with cancer progression have highlighted several aspects in the field, and the development of new treatments may be promising for comparative and translational oncology.

This Special Issue aims to publish original research papers or reviews about canine mammary tumors, concerning their diagnosis, prognosis and therapeutics.

Areas of interest: CMT histological and molecular classification for diagnosis and prognosis; biomarkers; therapeutic approaches; experimental models suitable for CMTs; angiogenesis; metastasis and invasion; the role of the immune system and molecular pathways associated with CMT development and progression; and comparative and translational oncology.

We invite you to share your recent findings through this Special Issue.

Dr. Debora Aparecida Pires de Campos Zuccari
Dr. Luiz Gustavo de Almeida Chuffa
Dr. Guilherme Henrique Tamarindo
Guest Editors

Manuscript Submission Information

Manuscripts should be submitted online at www.mdpi.com by registering and logging in to this website. Once you are registered, click here to go to the submission form. Manuscripts can be submitted until the deadline. All submissions that pass pre-check are peer-reviewed. Accepted papers will be published continuously in the journal (as soon as accepted) and will be listed together on the special issue website. Research articles, review articles as well as short communications are invited. For planned papers, a title and short abstract (about 100 words) can be sent to the Editorial Office for announcement on this website.

Submitted manuscripts should not have been published previously, nor be under consideration for publication elsewhere (except conference proceedings papers). All manuscripts are thoroughly refereed through a single-blind peer-review process. A guide for authors and other relevant information for submission of manuscripts is available on the Instructions for Authors page. Animals is an international peer-reviewed open access semimonthly journal published by MDPI.

Please visit the Instructions for Authors page before submitting a manuscript. The Article Processing Charge (APC) for publication in this open access journal is 2400 CHF (Swiss Francs). Submitted papers should be well formatted and use good English. Authors may use MDPI's English editing service prior to publication or during author revisions.

Keywords

  • dogs
  • cancer
  • biomarkers
  • diagnosis
  • prognosis
  • extracellular vesicles
  • therapeutics
  • liquid biopsy
  • comparative oncology
  • translational models

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Published Papers (5 papers)

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Research

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15 pages, 2332 KiB  
Article
Preliminary Exploration of MAGE-B1, -B4, -B5, and -B10 mRNA Expression in Canine Mammary Tumors in Dogs
by Wanwisa Srisawat, Pongpisid Koonyosying, Anucha Muenthaisong, Kanokwan Sangkakam, Thanya Varinrak and Nattawooti Sthitmatee
Animals 2025, 15(7), 910; https://doi.org/10.3390/ani15070910 - 21 Mar 2025
Viewed by 547
Abstract
The melanoma-associated antigen gene (MAGE) is a key target in cancer immunotherapy. Given the potential of MAGE-B genes in veterinary immunotherapy for canine mammary tumors (CMTs), this study investigated the mRNA expression of MAGE-B1, -B4, -B5, and -B10 in CMT [...] Read more.
The melanoma-associated antigen gene (MAGE) is a key target in cancer immunotherapy. Given the potential of MAGE-B genes in veterinary immunotherapy for canine mammary tumors (CMTs), this study investigated the mRNA expression of MAGE-B1, -B4, -B5, and -B10 in CMT tissues and cells from dogs. Quantitative real-time PCR was used to analyze 28 CMT tissue samples, including 4 benign and 24 malignant tumors (13 simple carcinomas, 6 complex carcinomas, 3 carcinosarcomas, and 2 fibrosarcomas). Benign mixed tumor and complex carcinoma-type CMT cells were cultured and treated with a DNA methylase inhibitor (5-aza-2′-deoxycytidine; 5-aza-CdR) and a histone deacetylase inhibitor (Trichostatin A; TSA) under the following four conditions: (1) 5-aza-CdR for 72 h; (2) TSA for 24 h; (3) 5-aza-CdR for 48 h followed by TSA for 24 h; and (4) control. MAGE-B1 and -B4 showed the highest expression in the CMT samples (100% and 89.29%, respectively), followed by MAGE-B10 (82.14%). Carcinosarcomas and simple anaplastic carcinomas had significantly higher MAGE-B expression levels than simple tubulopapillary carcinomas (p < 0.05). 5-aza-CdR treatment increased MAGE-B expression, whereas TSA had a mild effect. Further research involving larger cohorts is needed to confirm these findings. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Recent Advances in Canine Mammary Tumors—2nd Edition)
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19 pages, 3206 KiB  
Article
Tumor-Infiltrating Lymphocytes and Neutrophils and Their Location in Canine Mammary Neoplasms with a Solid Arrangement: A Prognostic Factor?
by Mayra C. Flecher, Marina P. Reys, Débora Balabram, Karen Y. R. Nakagaki and Geovanni D. Cassali
Animals 2025, 15(2), 287; https://doi.org/10.3390/ani15020287 - 20 Jan 2025
Viewed by 1312
Abstract
In canine mammary neoplasms, greater inflammation is associated with higher histological grade, lymphatic invasion, and metastases. This retrospective study assessed the density of peri- and intratumoral tumor-infiltrating lymphocytes (TILs), tumor-associated neutrophils (TANs), and CD3+ and CD79+ lymphocytes in canine mammary neoplasms [...] Read more.
In canine mammary neoplasms, greater inflammation is associated with higher histological grade, lymphatic invasion, and metastases. This retrospective study assessed the density of peri- and intratumoral tumor-infiltrating lymphocytes (TILs), tumor-associated neutrophils (TANs), and CD3+ and CD79+ lymphocytes in canine mammary neoplasms with a solid arrangement, and associated such data with histological types, immunophenotype, prognostic factors, cyclooxygenase-2 (Cox-2) expression and overall and cancer-specific survival. Sixty-one neoplasms with a solid arrangement were classified as malignant myoepitheliomas (6/9.8%), solid papillary carcinomas (8/13.1%), carcinomas with a solid pattern (9/14.8%), basaloid carcinomas (BC) (19/31.1%), and malignant adenomyoepitheliomas (19/31.1%). Intra- and peritumoral TILs, TANs, and TCD3+ and BCD79+ lymphocytes were counted, and based on the resulting median, the neoplasms were divided into low or high cell infiltration. BCs had the lowest density of intratumoral TILs (p = 0.02), and luminal B neoplasms showed a significantly higher density of intratumoral TCD3+ than luminal A cases. Neoplasms with a higher density of peritumoral CD3+ and CD79+ had significantly greater proliferative activity. High infiltration of intratumoral BCD79+ lymphocytes was related to nodal metastasis (p = 0.03). Intratumoral TILs and TCD3+ were associated with shorter survival time. Therefore, intratumoral lymphocyte infiltration is possibly an important feature in the progression of cancer and influences the survival in bitches with solid arrangement neoplasms. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Recent Advances in Canine Mammary Tumors—2nd Edition)
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16 pages, 2234 KiB  
Article
Let-7b, miR-29b, and miR-125b as Potential Biomarkers for Differentiating Canine Mammary Carcinoma Histological Types
by Tiago Ferreira, Francisca Dias, Ângela Alves, Adelina Gama, João F. Mano, Paula A. Oliveira and Rui Medeiros
Animals 2025, 15(1), 20; https://doi.org/10.3390/ani15010020 - 25 Dec 2024
Viewed by 993
Abstract
Epigenetics is the study of changes in organisms that result from modifications in gene expression rather than alterations in the genetic code itself [...] Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Recent Advances in Canine Mammary Tumors—2nd Edition)
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Review

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21 pages, 659 KiB  
Review
Perioperative Pain Management for Mastectomy in Dogs: A Narrative Review
by Giada Giambrone, Giuseppe Catone, Gabriele Marino, Alessandra Sfacteria, Renato Miloro and Cecilia Vullo
Animals 2025, 15(9), 1214; https://doi.org/10.3390/ani15091214 - 25 Apr 2025
Viewed by 428
Abstract
Mammary tumours are the most common neoplasia in adult female dogs. Mastectomy leads to moderate to severe pain. Effective pain management is crucial in veterinary medicine. This review outlines analgesic techniques for managing perioperative pain in dogs undergoing mastectomy. A literature search on [...] Read more.
Mammary tumours are the most common neoplasia in adult female dogs. Mastectomy leads to moderate to severe pain. Effective pain management is crucial in veterinary medicine. This review outlines analgesic techniques for managing perioperative pain in dogs undergoing mastectomy. A literature search on dog mastectomy analgesia was conducted from January 2001 to January 2025. Pre-emptive meloxicam reduces postoperative cardiovascular changes without affecting renal function. When combined with gabapentin, it lowers the need for rescue analgesic opioids, similar to robenacoxib. With regard to tramadol, it offers contrasting analgesia in the studies considered when used alone, while its effect appears enhanced when used in combination with meloxicam/dipyrone. However, methadone provides superior pain control, especially when given preoperatively or intraoperatively. The combination of ketamine, lidocaine, and maropitant enhances pain management, while fentanyl, alone or with lidocaine and ketamine, is effective for intraoperative pain control. Local infiltration with lidocaine/bupivacaine provides effective pain control, and devices like Comfont-in® or WSC facilitate this process. Tumescent anaesthesia using lidocaine/ropivacaine allows for extensive infiltration of the mammary gland. Epidural analgesia, paravertebral blocks, and TAP blocks are beneficial in multimodal protocols. Transdermal patches containing fentanyl/buprenorphine offer prolonged analgesia, while electroacupuncture can help reduce the need for rescue analgesics. Multimodal analgesic protocols are crucial for effective pain management in dog mastectomy surgeries, minimising the need for rescue opioids. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Recent Advances in Canine Mammary Tumors—2nd Edition)
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Other

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17 pages, 7145 KiB  
Case Report
Intensive Multimodal Chemotherapy in a Dog Suffering from Grade III/Stage IV Solid Mammary Carcinoma
by Claire Beaudu-Lange and Emmanuel Lange
Animals 2024, 14(17), 2618; https://doi.org/10.3390/ani14172618 - 9 Sep 2024
Viewed by 2328
Abstract
Very few studies, often with very small cohorts, have proven chemotherapy efficacy against canine aggressive mammary carcinomas, either in terms of metastasis or median survival, in dogs after surgery and chemotherapy, with such outcomes not being confirmed by other studies. As a result, [...] Read more.
Very few studies, often with very small cohorts, have proven chemotherapy efficacy against canine aggressive mammary carcinomas, either in terms of metastasis or median survival, in dogs after surgery and chemotherapy, with such outcomes not being confirmed by other studies. As a result, we lack efficient standardized protocols, which exist in human cases, according to the grade and stage of the tumor in dogs. In this case report, we describe a relapsing grade III solid mammary carcinoma evolving into prominent lymphatic intravascular invasion with multifocal nodal extension (stage IV); we applied an intensive treatment combining radical surgery and intensive adjuvant chemotherapy. The latter combined carboplatin maximal-tolerated-dose chemotherapy, with doses adjusted as necessary, and metronomic chemotherapy with firocoxib, toceranib and chloraminophene, progressively administered and carefully monitored. Adapting the doses prevented adverse events and resulted in 218 days of survival with good quality of life. To our knowledge, this is the first description of such a treatment combination. Our result should be confirmed with a large-scale prospective study. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Recent Advances in Canine Mammary Tumors—2nd Edition)
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