Canine and Feline Obesity

A special issue of Animals (ISSN 2076-2615). This special issue belongs to the section "Companion Animals".

Deadline for manuscript submissions: 31 December 2025 | Viewed by 4903

Special Issue Editors


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Guest Editor
6 Animal Sciences Laboratory, Department of Animal Sciences, University of Illinois, 1207 West Gregory Drive, Urbana, IL 61801, USA
Interests: animal nutrition; feed formulation; dietary supplements; gut microbiome

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Guest Editor
Department of Animal Sciences, University of Illinois, 180 Animal Sciences Laboratory, 1207 W. Gregory Drive, Urbana, IL 61801, USA
Interests: ingredient evaluation and foodomics; pet food technology; therapeutic nutrition

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Guest Editor
Department of Animal Science, Iowa State University, Ames, IA, USA
Interests: dog; cat; nutrition; metabolism; pet food; amino acids; stable isotopes
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Guest Editor
Departamento de Clínica Médica Veterinária, Faculdade de Medicina Veterinária e Zootecnia, Universidade de São Paulo, Sao Paulo, Brazil
Interests: nutrition and clinical nutrition of dogs; the role of nutrition in the intestinal microbiota; the use of nutraceuticals and the nutrition of geriatric dogs and cats

Special Issue Information

Dear Colleagues,

In the dynamic landscape of companion animal care, the exploration of innovative approaches to address obesity in dogs and cats remains a constant endeavor. This challenge prompts the ongoing evaluation of various factors, including breed, genetics, age, sex, reproductive status, the pet–owner relationship, owners' perceptions, type of diet, frequency of feeding, and environmental influences. Recognizing the critical importance of these aspects, our upcoming Animals Special Issue seeks to shed light on the intricate tapestry of canine and feline obesity.

This Special Issue is dedicated to providing a comprehensive understanding of obesity in companion animals. It aims to delve into a spectrum of potential risk factors influencing obesity development in dogs and cats, with contributors examining the roles of intrinsic and extrinsic factors in the context of weight management. Furthermore, the nuanced interplay of dietary factors, such as the type of diet and frequency of feeding, will be explored, the influence of the environment, encompassing living conditions and lifestyle, as contributing elements to pet obesity will be scrutinized.

We welcome contributions that tackle various themes, including, but not limited to, the following:

  • Risk factors and influences in obesity development:
    • Genetic, metabolic, and hormonal contributors;
    • The impact of reproductive status, age, and breed;
    • Behavioral and psychological aspects related to weight management.
  • Feeding practices and dietary influences:
    • Effects of diet composition, macronutrient balance, and supplementation;
    • Feeding frequency, portion control, and meal timing;
    • Role of gut microbiome in metabolism and weight regulation.
  • Environmental and lifestyle factors:
    • Physical activity levels and exercise interventions;
    • Influence of pet–owner interactions and household dynamics;
    • Role of urbanization and environmental enrichment in obesity prevention.
  • Health implications and management strategies:
    • Obesity-related comorbidities and long-term health effects;
    • Novel weight management strategies, including pharmacological and behavioral interventions;
    • Preventive approaches and veterinary recommendations for sustaining healthy body weight.

We invite original research articles and reviews that contribute to the discourse on the causes, consequences, and management strategies of pet obesity. We encourage submissions that offer practical insights into preventive measures and effective management strategies. Through addressing these diverse factors, our collective goal is to deepen the understanding of obesity in companion animals, providing invaluable guidance for both pet owners and veterinary professionals.

We eagerly anticipate and welcome your valuable contributions, which will undoubtedly enrich our exploration of pet obesity and provide actionable insights for the benefit of companion animals.

Dr. Patrícia Massae Oba
Dr. Maria Cattai de Godoy
Dr. Júlia Guazzelli Pezzali
Dr. Márcia De Oliveira Sampaio Gomes
Guest Editors

Manuscript Submission Information

Manuscripts should be submitted online at www.mdpi.com by registering and logging in to this website. Once you are registered, click here to go to the submission form. Manuscripts can be submitted until the deadline. All submissions that pass pre-check are peer-reviewed. Accepted papers will be published continuously in the journal (as soon as accepted) and will be listed together on the special issue website. Research articles, review articles as well as short communications are invited. For planned papers, a title and short abstract (about 100 words) can be sent to the Editorial Office for announcement on this website.

Submitted manuscripts should not have been published previously, nor be under consideration for publication elsewhere (except conference proceedings papers). All manuscripts are thoroughly refereed through a single-blind peer-review process. A guide for authors and other relevant information for submission of manuscripts is available on the Instructions for Authors page. Animals is an international peer-reviewed open access semimonthly journal published by MDPI.

Please visit the Instructions for Authors page before submitting a manuscript. The Article Processing Charge (APC) for publication in this open access journal is 2400 CHF (Swiss Francs). Submitted papers should be well formatted and use good English. Authors may use MDPI's English editing service prior to publication or during author revisions.

Keywords

  • companion animals&rsquo
  • obesity
  • obesity management
  • weight management
  • obesity-related diseases
  • preventive veterinary care
  • companion animals&rsquo
  • nutrition
  • pet-owner relationship
  • canine and feline health

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Published Papers (3 papers)

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Research

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11 pages, 741 KiB  
Article
Effects of Isoflavone Intake on Energy Requirement, Satiety, and Body Composition of Neutered Adult Cats
by Ana Lúcia Yoshida da Silva Yamada, Mônica Estela Zambon Merenda, Layne Carolina Pereira, Nayara Maira Dalgallo Bonneti, Isabela de Oliveira Martins, Alina Stadnik Komarcheuski, Lucas Ben Fiuza Henríquez, Eduardo Kato Watanabe, Guilherme Bernardo Cornélio Coelho, Vanderly Janeiro, Nilva Maria Freres Mascarenhas and Ricardo Souza Vasconcellos
Animals 2024, 14(24), 3574; https://doi.org/10.3390/ani14243574 - 11 Dec 2024
Viewed by 802
Abstract
Isoflavones are composed of phytoestrogens (genistein and daidzein), which can be metabolized by cats. These compounds can promote the maintenance of lean body mass and control food intake. These effects are desirable in neutered animals, as they are predisposed to obesity. The objective [...] Read more.
Isoflavones are composed of phytoestrogens (genistein and daidzein), which can be metabolized by cats. These compounds can promote the maintenance of lean body mass and control food intake. These effects are desirable in neutered animals, as they are predisposed to obesity. The objective of this study was to evaluate the effects of dietary supplementation of 1.0% isoflavone on the metabolizable energy intake, serum concentrations of satiety-related hormones and peptides, and body composition of neutered cats. Sixteen neutered adult cats were blocked by gender and divided into two groups (n = 8): the control group (CG) received a commercial diet, while the isoflavone group (IG) received the same diet supplemented by 1% of isoflavone for 99 days. Computed tomography was performed on the first and last experimental days to assess the animals’ body composition. Satiety challenges were conducted on days 19 and 44. In the last day of the study, blood samples were collected to determine the concentration of insulin, ghrelin, leptin, peptide YY, and GLP-1. A statistical analysis was conducted using R software 3.5.2, considering both the interaction and individual effects of group and time (p < 0.05). The average intake of genistein in the IG was 0.75 ± 0.10 mg/kg body weight, and daidzein intake was 51.73 ± 7.05 mg/kg. No significant individual or interaction effects were observed for any of the analyzed variables. Therefore, the inclusion of 1.0% isoflavone in the diet did not affect the energy requirements, satiety responses, or body composition of neutered adult cats. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Canine and Feline Obesity)
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13 pages, 1634 KiB  
Article
Association between Gut Microbiota and Metabolic Health and Obesity Status in Cats
by Kyu-Duk Yeon, Sun-Myung Kim and Jung-Hyun Kim
Animals 2024, 14(17), 2524; https://doi.org/10.3390/ani14172524 - 30 Aug 2024
Cited by 1 | Viewed by 1638
Abstract
Obesity is a major public health concern in both humans and animals, leading to several metabolic complications. Recent human studies have classified obesity into two phenotypes, metabolically healthy (MHO) and metabolically unhealthy (MUO) obesity based on cardiovascular and metabolic risk factors. MHO cases [...] Read more.
Obesity is a major public health concern in both humans and animals, leading to several metabolic complications. Recent human studies have classified obesity into two phenotypes, metabolically healthy (MHO) and metabolically unhealthy (MUO) obesity based on cardiovascular and metabolic risk factors. MHO cases lack these risk factors and are protected from metabolic complications of obesity, whereas MUO cases exhibit the opposite characteristics. Moreover, recent studies have highlighted the possible role of the gut microbiome in determining metabolic health of obese individuals. However, studies on the association between the gut microbiome and obesity and metabolic abnormalities in cats are limited. Therefore, we aimed to examine the association between metabolic health phenotypes and gut microbiota composition and diversity in obese cats. We investigated hormone and serum biochemistry parameters and composition of the gut microbiota in non-obese (NO), MHO, and MUO groups. The abundances of Bifidobacteriaceae, Coriobacteriaceae, and Veillonellaceae were significantly higher in the obese versus NO group, showing a positive correlation with body mass index. The abundance of Ruminococcaceae was significantly higher in the MUO versus NO group, showing a positive correlation with triglyceride and total cholesterol levels. However, obesity, whether MHO or MUO, had only a minimal impact on fecal microbiota. Therefore, further studies are warranted to investigate whether gut microbiota could be a beneficial tool for the treatment or management of this condition. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Canine and Feline Obesity)
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16 pages, 3003 KiB  
Systematic Review
Impact of Hypocaloric Diets on Weight Loss and Body Composition in Obese Dogs: A Meta-Analysis
by Karoline Vanelli, Rafael Fernando Wisneski, Camila Estevão, Fernanda Caroline Mayer, Leandro Batista Costa, Saulo Henrique Webber and Cláudia Turra Pimpão
Animals 2025, 15(2), 210; https://doi.org/10.3390/ani15020210 - 14 Jan 2025
Viewed by 1387
Abstract
Canine obesity is a complex, multifactorial condition marked by excessive body fat accumulation due to a sustained positive energy balance. Over the past decade, its global prevalence has risen significantly in most industrialized nations. Despite the availability of numerous commercial diets designed for [...] Read more.
Canine obesity is a complex, multifactorial condition marked by excessive body fat accumulation due to a sustained positive energy balance. Over the past decade, its global prevalence has risen significantly in most industrialized nations. Despite the availability of numerous commercial diets designed for obesity management in dogs, these products exhibit considerable variability in nutrient composition, and there is currently no standardized guideline on optimal macronutrient levels for effective weight loss. This study aimed to evaluate the effects of specific macronutrient levels on weight loss and body composition in obese dogs. A comprehensive literature search was conducted from 2022 to 2024 across PUBMED, Scielo, Web of Science, and Google Scholar. Out of an initial 1727 documents, 20 studies met the inclusion criteria and were incorporated into this meta-analysis. Diets with energy densities below 3.275 kcal, protein levels above 25%, total dietary fiber exceeding 12%, lower fat (<10%), and reduced non-nitrogenous extract (<40%) demonstrated beneficial effects on all evaluated parameters, including weight loss and body composition assessment. This meta-analysis provides evidence-based nutritional recommendations on optimal caloric, protein, fiber, fat, and carbohydrate levels for hypocaloric diet formulations, supporting healthy weight loss and lean mass preservation in obese dogs. These findings contribute to the development of effective dietary strategies that enhance canine quality of life and longevity. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Canine and Feline Obesity)
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