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Agriculture
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Improvement of the Technology of Cereal Production
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Improvement of the Technology of Cereal Production

A special issue of Agriculture (ISSN 2077-0472). This special issue belongs to the section "Crop Production".

Deadline for manuscript submissions: closed (17 October 2023) | Viewed by 9153

Special Issue Editors

Dr. Jan Buczek

E-Mail Website
Guest Editor
Department of Crop Production, University of Rzeszow, Zelwerowicza 4 St., 35-601 Rzeszow, Poland
Interests: farming systems; tillage systems; fertilization; yield; protein fractions; nutrients; hybrid varieties; cereals
Special Issues, Collections and Topics in MDPI journals
Prof. Dr. Józef Gorzelany

E-Mail Website
Guest Editor
Department of Food and Agriculture Production Engineering, University of Rzeszow, 35-601 Rzeszów, Poland
Interests: food texture; engineering; chemical analyses; mechanical property; cereals; fruits
Special Issues, Collections and Topics in MDPI journals

Special Issue Information

Dear Colleagues,

Cereals form a staple of the human diet and are used mainly as a source of calories. Since they are also important as livestock feed and for industrial uses, they should be considered plants of strategic importance for agriculture. For this reason, the development of agriculture is inseparably linked to the improvement of cereal production technologies, which determine not only production efficiency and quality, but also the economic aspects of crop raising. Studies on improving cereal production technologies therefore appear to be particularly warranted, additionally facilitated by modern simplified farming systems, agriculture mechanization and budding precision agriculture, as well as access to state-of-the-art plant protection products and fertilizers.

Selecting the right cereal production system means choosing from a collection of technologies that can offer a suitable tillage system, crop rotation, cultivar selection, properly balanced fertilization, integrated plant protection, etc.

It is essential to encourage research and promote the results concerning cereal production technologies that protect the production potential of the environment and reduce its degradation. Climate change, especially the water deficit we have been facing in recent years, is increasingly driving the introduction of such cereal-growing methods that best utilize these scarce resources.

In this Special Issue, we seek original research, the latest reports, reviews and accomplishments in advances of cereal production technologies in terms of yield and crop quality, with consideration given to farming and tillage systems, production technologies, crop rotations, sustainable fertilization and plant protection, stability and adaptability of cultivars and their reactions to biotic and abiotic influences, as well as the use of precision agriculture in cereal farming.

Dr. Jan Buczek
Prof. Dr. Józef Gorzelany
Guest Editors

Manuscript Submission Information

Manuscripts should be submitted online at www.mdpi.com by registering and logging in to this website. Once you are registered, click here to go to the submission form. Manuscripts can be submitted until the deadline. All submissions that pass pre-check are peer-reviewed. Accepted papers will be published continuously in the journal (as soon as accepted) and will be listed together on the special issue website. Research articles, review articles as well as short communications are invited. For planned papers, a title and short abstract (about 100 words) can be sent to the Editorial Office for announcement on this website.

Submitted manuscripts should not have been published previously, nor be under consideration for publication elsewhere (except conference proceedings papers). All manuscripts are thoroughly refereed through a single-blind peer-review process. A guide for authors and other relevant information for submission of manuscripts is available on the Instructions for Authors page. Agriculture is an international peer-reviewed open access monthly journal published by MDPI.

Please visit the Instructions for Authors page before submitting a manuscript. The Article Processing Charge (APC) for publication in this open access journal is 2600 CHF (Swiss Francs). Submitted papers should be well formatted and use good English. Authors may use MDPI's English editing service prior to publication or during author revisions.

Keywords

  • cereal crops
  • farming systems
  • tillage systems
  • production technology
  • yield and quality assessments
  • crop rotation
  • sustainable fertilization and plant protection
  • response to biotic and abiotic influences
  • stability and adaptability of cultivars
  • precision agriculture

Published Papers (6 papers)

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Research

20 pages, 2535 KiB  
Article
Specialty Rice (Oryza sativa L.) with High and Stable Grain Yield under Rainfed Lowland Conditions
by Ace Mugssy L. Agustin, Jeremias L. Ordonio, Marie Bie S. Natividad, Nonawin B. Lucob-Agustin, Roel R. Suralta, Hiroshi Ehara, Shiro Mitsuya and Mana Kano-Nakata
Agriculture 2023, 13(10), 1985; https://doi.org/10.3390/agriculture13101985 - 12 Oct 2023
Viewed by 1305
Abstract
This study aimed to identify superior genotypes of specialty rice (SR) with comparable or higher grain yield than the drought-tolerant check variety under rainfed and controlled-drought conditions. A total of 17 SR varieties (six aromatic, six pigmented, five glutinous) and a drought-tolerant check [...] Read more.
This study aimed to identify superior genotypes of specialty rice (SR) with comparable or higher grain yield than the drought-tolerant check variety under rainfed and controlled-drought conditions. A total of 17 SR varieties (six aromatic, six pigmented, five glutinous) and a drought-tolerant check variety with ordinary grain quality were evaluated under rainfed lowland and controlled-drought conditions from 2019 to 2021 at Central Luzon State University in the Philippines. Among the SR varieties, aromatic NSIC Rc344, pigmented Black rice, and glutinous NSIC Rc15 had comparable or higher grain yield than the drought-tolerant check variety under both rainfed and controlled-drought conditions. These selected genotypes were classified as the highest yielding, with a more stable yield than the drought-tolerant check variety across the hydrological conditions based on the BLUPs productivity and stability test and drought tolerance indices. The selected SR varieties had a greater panicle number (NSIC Rc344), more grains per panicle (NSIC Rc15), and a higher 1000-grain weight and harvest index (Black rice). In comparison to a higher yield but with a higher market price due to the superior grain quality of the identified SR than the drought-tolerant check variety, the net income in rainfed lowland conditions significantly increased by 69–108%. These results suggest that planting good-performing SR in rainfed lowlands can increase profitability in this ecosystem due to the higher market price compared to ordinary drought-tolerant varieties. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Improvement of the Technology of Cereal Production)
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19 pages, 3333 KiB  
Article
Design and Experiment of Double-Row Seed-Metering Device for Buckwheat Large Ridges
by Xindan Qiao, Dequan Liu, Xiaolei Wang, Wang Li, Jiawei Wang and Decong Zheng
Agriculture 2023, 13(10), 1953; https://doi.org/10.3390/agriculture13101953 - 06 Oct 2023
Viewed by 1069
Abstract
This article focuses on the low accuracy, poor stability, and other shortcomings of the traditional outer-groove buckwheat seed-metering wheel. A wheel-type large-ridge double-row seed-metering device with inner seed-filling holes was designed. The seed-metering device’s structural composition, working principle, and main technical parameters are [...] Read more.
This article focuses on the low accuracy, poor stability, and other shortcomings of the traditional outer-groove buckwheat seed-metering wheel. A wheel-type large-ridge double-row seed-metering device with inner seed-filling holes was designed. The seed-metering device’s structural composition, working principle, and main technical parameters are clarified. The structural parameters of the seed-metering device shell and the seed-metering wheel are determined based on the force analysis, movement trajectory, and physical characteristics of the buckwheat grains. This experiment uses the JPS-12 metering device performance experiment bench for bench experimenting. The experiment uses the seed-metering device’s rotation speed, the seed position’s height, and the seed wheel’s aperture as experiment factors. Based on the experiment indicators of the qualified rate of number of holes and the grain damage rate, we used Design-Expert12 software to design single-factor, response surface, and verification experiments. The experiment results show that the best parameter combination is a seed-metering device rotation speed of 67 r/min, a seed position height of 115 mm, and a seed wheel aperture of 8 mm. In the optimal parameters, the qualified rate of the number of holes is 90.23%, and the grain damage rate is 0.62%. The experiment indicators meet the operational requirements of the buckwheat seeding device. The design and experimenting of the buckwheat large-ridge double-row seeding device provide a reference for further research on buckwheat seeding. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Improvement of the Technology of Cereal Production)
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12 pages, 865 KiB  
Article
The Effect of Reservoir Cultivation on Conventional Maize in Sandy-Loam Soil
by Daniel Vejchar, Jan Velebil, Karel Kubín, Jiří Bradna and Jan Malaťák
Agriculture 2023, 13(6), 1201; https://doi.org/10.3390/agriculture13061201 - 05 Jun 2023
Viewed by 864
Abstract
Maize grown on sloped areas is susceptible to surface runoff and soil erosion, especially if traditional technology with tillage is employed. As a result, other solutions are being sought that address this risk and are acceptable to farmers. The combination of inter-row cultivation [...] Read more.
Maize grown on sloped areas is susceptible to surface runoff and soil erosion, especially if traditional technology with tillage is employed. As a result, other solutions are being sought that address this risk and are acceptable to farmers. The combination of inter-row cultivation with the formation of small reservoirs appears to be a suitable alternative solution applicable in traditional corn cultivation. In the years 2020, 2021, and 2022, three plots of land in southern Bohemia, Czech Republic, were selected for testing, on which this approach was tested. During the field experiments, three variants were compared each year: inter-row cultivation with reservoirs, inter-row cultivation only, and a control without any mechanical intervention. All variants were subjected to rain simulation, from which the surface runoff was evaluated. The highest retention of runoff was manifested with reservoir cultivation by 2.4–4.2 min, compared to the cultivated variant, and 2–4.2 min compared to the control. This result would correspond to a difference of 5.7–9.8 mm retained precipitation and 4.6 to 7.3 mm, respectively. The hydraulic conductivity of the soil was evaluated after canopy closure. The lowest values were invariably reached in the reservoirs, up to 88% lower than with the cultivated variant and 79% lower than the control. The fresh matter yield of forage maize was shown to be inconclusively higher by up to 10% in 2020 and 2022 in cultivation with reservoirs. However, the dry matter yield was always lower in the variant with reservoirs compared to inter-row cultivation only. Overall, reservoir cultivation appears to be an effective method for the retention of rainwater on agricultural land with a slope up to 6° without a significant effect on the yield of maize. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Improvement of the Technology of Cereal Production)
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17 pages, 2905 KiB  
Article
Antioxidant Potential and Phenolic Acid Profiles in Triticale Grain under Integrated and Conventional Cropping Systems
by Marta Jańczak-Pieniążek, Daniela Horvat, Marija Viljevac Vuletić, Marija Kovačević Babić, Jan Buczek and Ewa Szpunar-Krok
Agriculture 2023, 13(5), 1078; https://doi.org/10.3390/agriculture13051078 - 18 May 2023
Cited by 3 | Viewed by 1212
Abstract
Cereals are a valuable source of biologically active compounds. Phenolic compounds, of which the phenolic acids (PA) found in cereal grains constitute a significant proportion, are characterized by health-promoting properties largely due to their antioxidant capacity. PA, located mainly in the outer parts [...] Read more.
Cereals are a valuable source of biologically active compounds. Phenolic compounds, of which the phenolic acids (PA) found in cereal grains constitute a significant proportion, are characterized by health-promoting properties largely due to their antioxidant capacity. PA, located mainly in the outer parts of the grain, play an important role in preventing environmental stresses. Triticale is a cereal species of increasing economic value, and also value for human consumption. The aim of this study was to demonstrate the effect of conventional (CONV) and integrated (INTEG) cropping systems on antioxidant activity and content of selected PA in triticale cultivars (Meloman, Panteon, Belcanto) grain. The experiment was conducted in seasons from 2019/2020 to 2021/2022. Among the PA tested, ferulic acid (FER) had the highest contribution to total PA content (TPAs), with 519, 99, and 1115 μg g−1 in whole grain, flour, and bran, respectively. The unfavorable hydrothermal conditions occurring in the seasons (rainfall deficit) increased TPA, mainly in whole grain. Grain cv. Meloman had the highest PA content in whole grain, flour, and bran and cv. Belcanto had the lowest, with differences of 22.7, 18.2, and 15.7% respectively. Cultivation of triticale under the CONV vs. INTEG cropping system resulted in reduced amounts of TPAs in flour and bran and PA: p-hydroxybenzoic acid (p-HB) in flour, syringic acid (SYR) in whole grain and bran, and ferulic acid (FER) and sinapic acid (SIN) in bran. The CONV cropping system also caused a decrease in antioxidant activity (AOA) in flour and bran. In most of the cases analyzed, the highest antioxidant activity and content of PA were found in bran, and the lowest were found in flour. The high presence of PA in triticale grain indicates that this cereal, especially when grown under the INTEG cropping system, can be destined for consumption and provide a source of valuable antioxidants for various food and nutraceutical purposes. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Improvement of the Technology of Cereal Production)
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12 pages, 10652 KiB  
Article
Changes in the Growth and Yield of an Extremely Early-Maturing Rice Variety According to Transplanting Density
by Yeotae Yun
Agriculture 2023, 13(3), 717; https://doi.org/10.3390/agriculture13030717 - 20 Mar 2023
Cited by 1 | Viewed by 2249
Abstract
This study investigated the impact of transplanting density on the growth and yield characteristics of an extremely early-maturing rice variety that has a short vegetative growth period, as the limited growth period results in reduced tiller development and leads to a lower yield. [...] Read more.
This study investigated the impact of transplanting density on the growth and yield characteristics of an extremely early-maturing rice variety that has a short vegetative growth period, as the limited growth period results in reduced tiller development and leads to a lower yield. The experiment was conducted in 2019 and 2020 at Chungcheongnam-do Agricultural Research and Extension Services in Republic of Korea, where various transplanting density treatments were tested using the Bbareumi rice variety with a vegetative growth period of less than 50 days. The results showed that the tiller number seedling−1 and spikelet number m−2 were influenced by the transplanting density and had a significant impact on the milled rice yield. Decreasing the tiller number seedling−1 by increasing the transplanting density led to an increase in the spikelet number m−2, which significantly improve the milled rice yield. Furthermore, the study identified the optimal transplanting density for maximizing yield as a transplanting distance of 30 × 12 cm, with 12 seedlings hill−1, which resulted in the highest milled rice yield of 5.64 ton/ha. These findings provide valuable insights for rice farmers and researchers regarding efforts to improve the cultivation practices of extremely early-maturing rice varieties. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Improvement of the Technology of Cereal Production)
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15 pages, 1070 KiB  
Article
Effects of Mixed Planting on Machine Transplanting Adaptability and Grain Yield of Hybrid Rice
by Shiwen Deng, Pinglei Gao, Haoyu Wang, Yinglong Chen, Huanhe Wei and Qigen Dai
Agriculture 2023, 13(2), 384; https://doi.org/10.3390/agriculture13020384 - 06 Feb 2023
Cited by 3 | Viewed by 1308
Abstract
Because the current hybrid rice machine transplanting sowing quantity is too large and the high rate of missing hills or poor seedling quality during mechanical transplanting, the mechanized planting of hybrid rice is limited, which results in significant hindrance of large-scale planting of [...] Read more.
Because the current hybrid rice machine transplanting sowing quantity is too large and the high rate of missing hills or poor seedling quality during mechanical transplanting, the mechanized planting of hybrid rice is limited, which results in significant hindrance of large-scale planting of hybrid rice in China. In this study, a mixed sowing technology (replacement of a portion of hybrid rice seeds with conventional rice seeds) in seedling cultivation was adopted to determine the appropriate variety combinations and conventional rice sowing quantity using a variety combination experiment and sowing quantity experiments, respectively. The results of the variety combination experiment showed that combinations of Changyou 4 mixed with Nanjing 5055, and Yuanliangyou mixed with Yangdao 6 could reduce the sowing quantity of hybrid rice, improve the quality of machine transplanting, and not reduce the grain yield. The results of the conventional rice sowing quantity experiment showed that with the increase in conventional rice sowing quantity, the seedling quality, spikelet per panicle, and filled kernel percentage decreased, and the mechanical transplanting quality improved. Compared with pure sowing hybrid rice, the grain yield was not significantly different in the japonica rice treatment when the sowing quantity of Nanjing 5055 was more than 75 g/tray and Yangdao 6 was more than 60 g/tray. With the increase in conventional rice sowing quantity, the missing hill rate decreased significantly and the seedling density increased significantly, so that the panicle number was also improved, which might have compensated the reduction in seedling quality, spikelet per panicle, and filled kernel percentage. As a whole, 90 g Nanjing 5055 seeds mixed with 30 g Changyou 4 seeds per tray and 75 g Yangdao 6 seeds mixed with 30 g Yuanliangyou seeds per tray were suitable sowing quantities for mixed planting that could ensure strong seedlings and better mechanical transplanting quality, while reducing the cost (reduce the sowing quantity of hybrid rice and conventional rice) without reducing the grain yield. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Improvement of the Technology of Cereal Production)
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