Impacts of Emerging Agricultural Pollutants on Environmental Health

A special issue of Agriculture (ISSN 2077-0472). This special issue belongs to the section "Ecosystem, Environment and Climate Change in Agriculture".

Deadline for manuscript submissions: 30 November 2025 | Viewed by 1516

Special Issue Editors


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Guest Editor
Soil Science and Agricultural Chemistry, Faculty of Sciences, University of Vigo, 32004 Ourense, Spain
Interests: pesticides; antibiotics; heavy metals; agricultural soils; risk assessment; sustainable agriculture; agricultural management practices; adsorption–desorption; transport

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Guest Editor

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Guest Editor
Departamento de Bioloxía Vexetal e Ciencias do Solo, Área de Edafoloxía e Química Agrícola. Facultade de Ciencias de Ourense, Universidade de Vigo, As Lagoas s/n, 32004 Ourense, Spain
Interests: agricultural soils; industrial soils; heavy metals; lead; mining soils; plastic contamination; soil contamination; shooting ranges; urban soils
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Guest Editor
Department of Science and Environment, Roskilde University, Roskilde, Denmark
Interests: microbes in soil; effects of climate change; soil pollution and different agricultural practices in microbes

Special Issue Information

Dear Colleagues,

Healthy agricultural soils are essential to maintaining food security in the face of a growing global population. However, the intensification of agricultural practices in recent decades has resulted in significant soil contamination, primarily due to the extensive use of synthetic chemical fertilizers and pesticides, as well as the increasing presence of emerging pollutants such as antibiotics, heavy metals, nanomaterials, microplastics, and per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances (PFASs), among others.

These emerging agricultural contaminants pose serious risks to soil ecosystems. They can disrupt soil biota across multiple trophic levels—including microorganisms (e.g., bacteria, archaea, fungi), mesofauna (e.g., nematodes, collembolans, mites), and macrofauna (e.g., earthworms, insects, mollusks)—leading to declines in soil biodiversity. This loss of biodiversity, in turn, compromises key ecosystem functions such as nutrient cycling, organic matter decomposition, nitrogen fixation, and carbon sequestration. These disruptions threaten not only soil health but also the long-term sustainability and resilience of agricultural systems.

In addition, emerging pollutants may exhibit phytotoxic effects, reducing plant growth and productivity. They can also migrate into adjacent ecosystems—such as surface and groundwater bodies—where they may harm aquatic organisms and potentially bioaccumulate in food webs, posing serious risks to environmental and human health.

Accordingly, this Special Issue invites submissions that address a) the effects of emerging agricultural pollutants on terrestrial and aquatic organisms; b) the effects of emerging agricultural pollutants on soil functions and essential ecosystem services for sustainable agriculture; and c) the transport, fate, and transformation of emerging pollutants within agroecosystems and their potential transfer across environmental compartments (e.g., soil–water–plant systems).

We welcome the submission of research and review articles, including theoretical and practical contributions, as well as case studies. All types of research, including studies reporting negative results, are encouraged to be submitted. All submissions will be subject to peer review prior to publication.

Dr. Manuel Conde Cid
Dr. Vanesa Santás-Miguel
Dr. Andrés Rodríguez-Seijo
Dr. Carla Cruz-Paredes
Guest Editors

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Keywords

  • agricultural soils
  • ecological risk assessment
  • soil biodiversity
  • emerging pollutants
  • pesticides
  • microplastics
  • antibiotics
  • soil organisms
  • aquatic organisms
  • pollutant transport and fate
  • adsorption–desorption
  • phytotoxicity

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Published Papers (2 papers)

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Research

21 pages, 3317 KB  
Article
Evolution and Reduction in Sulfonamide Resistance Genes in Aerobic Compost of Pig Manure
by Yihao Huang, Pengyan Wang, Shenao Liu, Shengguo Zhang, Zhuqing Ren and Jian Wu
Agriculture 2025, 15(20), 2161; https://doi.org/10.3390/agriculture15202161 - 17 Oct 2025
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Abstract
This study identified that the absolute abundance of 15 types of antibiotic resistance genes (ARGs) across 21 organic fertilizer samples ranged between 1.15 × 104 and 6.74 × 1010 copies/g, with sulfonamide ARGs and the intI1 gene exhibiting relatively higher residuals. [...] Read more.
This study identified that the absolute abundance of 15 types of antibiotic resistance genes (ARGs) across 21 organic fertilizer samples ranged between 1.15 × 104 and 6.74 × 1010 copies/g, with sulfonamide ARGs and the intI1 gene exhibiting relatively higher residuals. Subsequent analyses delved into the evolutionary patterns and reduction mechanisms pertinent to sulfonamide ARGs throughout aerobic composting processes. Three bacteria, Bacillus amyloliquefaciens, Bacillus subtilis, and Bacillus velezensis, capable of significantly reducing sulfonamide-resistant bacteria and their sul1 gene were identified. The study revealed that adding composite microbial agent, lowering the pH, or increasing the temperature could inhibit the growth of sulfonamide-resistant bacteria and decrease the abundance of the sul1 gene. Additionally, it was ascertained that the optimization of initial compost pH levels or the incorporation of a compound microbial inoculant effectively reduced the abundance of intracellular and extracellular sulfonamide ARGs and the intI1 gene. The proliferation of Actinobacteria and certain genera during the maturation phase was closely associated with the enrichment of sulfonamide ARGs. This research provides references for the multi-pathway comprehensive control of sulfonamide ARG pollution in composting. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Impacts of Emerging Agricultural Pollutants on Environmental Health)
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20 pages, 1379 KB  
Article
Combined Effects of Polyethylene and Bordeaux Mixture on the Soil–Plant System: Phytotoxicity, Copper Accumulation and Changes in Microbial Abundance
by Silvia Romeo-Río, Huguette Meta Foguieng, Antía Gómez-Armesto, Manuel Conde-Cid, David Fernández-Calviño and Andrés Rodríguez-Seijo
Agriculture 2025, 15(15), 1657; https://doi.org/10.3390/agriculture15151657 - 1 Aug 2025
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Abstract
Greenhouses have positively impacted plant production by allowing the cultivation of different crops per year. However, the accumulation of agricultural plastics, potentially contaminated with agrochemicals, raises environmental concerns. This work evaluates the combined effect of Bordeaux mixture and low-density polyethylene (LDPE) microplastics (<5 [...] Read more.
Greenhouses have positively impacted plant production by allowing the cultivation of different crops per year. However, the accumulation of agricultural plastics, potentially contaminated with agrochemicals, raises environmental concerns. This work evaluates the combined effect of Bordeaux mixture and low-density polyethylene (LDPE) microplastics (<5 mm) on the growth of lettuce (Lactuca sativa L.) and soil microbial communities. Different levels of Bordeaux mixture (0, 100 and 500 mg kg−1), equivalent to Cu(II) concentrations (0, 17 and 83 mg kg−1), LDPE microplastics (0, 1% and 5%) and their combination were selected. After 28 days of growth, biometric and photosynthetic parameters, Cu uptake, and soil microbial responses were evaluated. Plant germination and growth were not significantly affected by the combination of Cu and plastics. However, individual Cu treatments influenced root and shoot length and biomass. Chlorophyll and carotenoid concentrations increased with Cu addition, although the differences were not statistically significant. Phospholipid fatty acid (PLFA) analysis revealed a reduction in microbial biomass at the highest Cu dose, whereas LDPE alone showed limited effects and may reduce Cu bioavailability. These results suggest that even at the highest concentration added, Cu can act as a plant nutrient, while the combination of Cu–plastics showed varying effects on plant growth and soil microbial communities. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Impacts of Emerging Agricultural Pollutants on Environmental Health)
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