Space Propulsion: Advances and Challenges (4th Edition)

A special issue of Aerospace (ISSN 2226-4310). This special issue belongs to the section "Astronautics & Space Science".

Deadline for manuscript submissions: 30 September 2026 | Viewed by 1838

Special Issue Editor


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Guest Editor
Department of Aerospace Engineering, Sejong University, Seoul 143-741, Republic of Korea
Interests: space propulsion; satellite system; thermal engineering; CFD; inverse heat transfer analysis; rarefied flow
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Special Issue Information

Dear Colleagues,

The principal function of space propulsion systems is to accelerate spacecraft by producing a propulsive force (thrust) or a change in velocity (delta-V) by ejecting a propellant mass at a high speed into the air or space, relying on Newton’s laws of motion. This approach plays an important role in the acceleration, attitude control, drag make-up, and orbit transfer maneuvers of spacecraft. Various types of space propulsion systems can be defined depending on what kind of energy source is used and how the energy is generated to provide thrust. At present, chemical and electric propulsion systems are the preferred types for spacecraft, and applications of space propulsion can be classified into three different categories: escape propulsion (from Earth’s surface to its orbit), in-space propulsion (in Earth’s orbit), and deep space propulsion (from Earth’s orbit to outer space).

Since Goddard‘s first successful flight of a liquid propellant rocket in 1926, the roles of space propulsion have become more complex and important in terms of the successful completion of predefined mission goals, as demands on the function of space propulsion have diversified. Thus, various new and advanced concepts of space propulsion technologies are under investigation and development, especially for small-lift launch vehicles, reusable launch vehicles, Earth-orbiting satellites, deep space explorers, cubesats, and many other spacecraft applications.

This Special Issue invites contributions relating to recent advances and challenges for space propulsion technologies. Submissions are welcome from a whole range of space propulsion topics including, but not limited to, the following:

  • Concept, theory, and related science and engineering;
  • Design, modeling, simulation, and analysis;
  • Mission and application;
  • Launch and flight/orbit operation;
  • Experiment, test, and verification;
  • Propellant (solid, liquid, gas, non-toxic, gelled, etc.);
  • Thrust generation method and type (chemical, electric, hybrid, solar sail, nuclear, etc.);
  • Hardware (materials, parts, components, equipment, assembly, and systems) and software;
  • Manufacturing, integration, and facility.

Prof. Dr. Kyun Ho Lee
Guest Editor

Manuscript Submission Information

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Submitted manuscripts should not have been published previously, nor be under consideration for publication elsewhere (except conference proceedings papers). All manuscripts are thoroughly refereed through a single-blind peer-review process. A guide for authors and other relevant information for submission of manuscripts is available on the Instructions for Authors page. Aerospace is an international peer-reviewed open access monthly journal published by MDPI.

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Keywords

  • space propulsion
  • chemical propulsion
  • electric propulsion
  • hybrid propulsion
  • solar sail propulsion
  • nuclear propulsion
  • spacecraft
  • rocket
  • launch vehicle
  • satellite
  • cubesat
  • deep space explorer

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Published Papers (2 papers)

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Research

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12 pages, 899 KB  
Article
Evaluation of Liquid Hydrogen/Hydrogen Peroxide Propellant Combination for Advanced Launch Vehicle Upper Stage
by Min-Seon Jo and Jeong-Yeol Choi
Aerospace 2026, 13(1), 23; https://doi.org/10.3390/aerospace13010023 - 26 Dec 2025
Viewed by 654
Abstract
Hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) is a dense, storable oxidizer, but its suitability for high-energy upper stages is limited. This study evaluates liquid hydrogen–hydrogen peroxide (LH2/H2O2) as an alternate propellant using KSLV-II as the reference [...] Read more.
Hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) is a dense, storable oxidizer, but its suitability for high-energy upper stages is limited. This study evaluates liquid hydrogen–hydrogen peroxide (LH2/H2O2) as an alternate propellant using KSLV-II as the reference vehicle. Propulsion performance was analyzed with NASA CEA and RPA, while staging and MER methods assessed system-level effects. The results show that the specific impulse decreases from 465 s (LH2/LOX) to 372~382 s with H2O2, but structural efficiency improves as the coefficient drops from 0.162 to 0.099~0.102. The payload capacity increases compared with Jet A-1/LOX yet remains below that of LOX. These findings clarify both the advantages and limitations of H2O2 as an upper-stage oxidizer. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Space Propulsion: Advances and Challenges (4th Edition))
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Review

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31 pages, 2980 KB  
Review
Detonation Waves on Enhancing Aerospace Propulsion Systems Performances: A Review
by Bogdan-Cătălin Năvligu, Grigore Cican , Răzvan Edmond Nicoară and Theodor-Mihnea Sîrbu
Aerospace 2026, 13(3), 259; https://doi.org/10.3390/aerospace13030259 - 11 Mar 2026
Viewed by 761
Abstract
Detonation-based combustion has re-emerged as a promising pathway for enhancing the efficiency and compactness of future aerospace propulsion systems, motivated by the intrinsic pressure-gain characteristics of detonative heat release. This review provides a comprehensive synthesis of the physical foundations, technological progress, and practical [...] Read more.
Detonation-based combustion has re-emerged as a promising pathway for enhancing the efficiency and compactness of future aerospace propulsion systems, motivated by the intrinsic pressure-gain characteristics of detonative heat release. This review provides a comprehensive synthesis of the physical foundations, technological progress, and practical limitations associated with pulse detonation engines, rotating detonation engines, and standing or oblique detonation wave concepts. By tracing the evolution from early theoretical models and laboratory-scale demonstrations to engine-relevant configurations, this article highlights how detonation physics, ignition mechanisms, wave stability, and flow–structure interactions collectively govern propulsion performance. Particular attention is paid to recent experimental and numerical studies, with the review focusing on their technological impact and on the feasibility of integrating detonation-based propulsion concepts into practical aerospace systems. The analysis evaluates these approaches’ potential to enhance system-level performance compared to conventional propulsion technologies, while highlighting key challenges associated with scalability, operability, and compatibility with existing aerospace architectures. The review further identifies emerging design strategies, including geometry tailoring, adaptive flow control, and hybrid architectures, as key enablers for extending operability and system integration. Overall, the findings indicate that future progress in detonation-based propulsion will depend less on demonstrating detonation itself and more on achieving robust, controllable, and scalable implementations suitable for realistic aerospace applications. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Space Propulsion: Advances and Challenges (4th Edition))
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