Advances in CubeSat Sails and Tethers (2nd Edition)

A special issue of Aerospace (ISSN 2226-4310). This special issue belongs to the section "Astronautics & Space Science".

Deadline for manuscript submissions: 31 August 2024 | Viewed by 2423

Special Issue Editors


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Guest Editor
Finnish Meteorological Institute, Erik Palménin aukio 1, 00560 Helsinki, Finland
Interests: space plasma physics; sustainable space; electric solar wind sail; plasma brake; propulsion; space settlements
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Guest Editor
Space Technology Department, UT Tartu Observatory, Observatooriumi 1, 61602 Tõravere, Tartu Maakond, Estonia
Interests: nanospacecraft; CubeSat; nanosatellite; interplanetary propulsion; electric solar wind sail; space debris; deorbiting; plasma brake; mission design; deep-space missions; spacecraft control; optical imaging; celestial navigation
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Special Issue Information

Dear Colleagues,

The size and propulsion of spacecraft are major limiting factors in the design of space missions. Chemical and electric propulsion require the spacecraft size to be several orders of magnitude larger than CubeSats. The CubeSat standard in conjunction with the New Space movement has revolutionized the space industry and scientific exploration. CubeSats consist of one or multiple 10 × 10 × 10 cm units stacked together in order to achieve the desired mission objectives. With a typical CubeSat mass in the range of 1–10 kg, their propellant storage capabilities are extremely limited, if available at all.

Propellantless propulsion systems employ an external force to propel the spacecraft, instead of an on-board propellant. This force can be photon pressure and solar wind originating from the Sun, as well as the magnetic field originating from a planet’s core or atmospheric particles dragging the spacecraft to a lower altitude. We can employ physical lightsails to reflect photons and travel the solar system. A similar dragsail can be used in low Earth orbit (LEO) for the mitigation of orbital debris during deorbiting. Virtual electromagnetic sails can also be generated: the electric sail deflects solar wind particles using the Coulomb drag force to travel sunward and away from the star; electrodynamic tethers use Lorentz force to increase and lower a satellite’s altitude; and the plasma brake employs the Coulomb drag interaction with the ionosphere for deorbiting. We invite you to submit papers on topics covering CubeSat sails and tethers, and their fundamental aspects, simulations, designs, optimization, operations, applications in Earth orbit and deep space, and in-orbit results.

Dr. Pekka Janhunen
Dr. Andris Slavinskis
Guest Editors

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Keywords

  • propellantless CubeSat propulsion
  • lightsails (photon pressure propulsion) and dragsails (atmospheric drag)
  • electric solar wind sail and plasma brake (Coulomb drag propulsion)
  • electrodynamics tethers (Lorentz force propulsion)
  • earth orbit as well as interplanetary CubeSats
  • orbital debris
  • on-board orbit and attitude control

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Published Papers (1 paper)

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29 pages, 36313 KiB  
Article
Interplanetary Student Nanospacecraft: Development of the LEO Demonstrator ESTCube-2
by Janis Dalbins, Kristo Allaje, Hendrik Ehrpais, Iaroslav Iakubivskyi, Erik Ilbis, Pekka Janhunen, Joosep Kivastik, Maido Merisalu, Mart Noorma, Mihkel Pajusalu, Indrek Sünter, Antti Tamm, Hans Teras, Petri Toivanen, Boris Segret and Andris Slavinskis
Aerospace 2023, 10(6), 503; https://doi.org/10.3390/aerospace10060503 - 26 May 2023
Cited by 4 | Viewed by 2328
Abstract
Nanosatellites have established their importance in low-Earth orbit (LEO), and it is common for student teams to build them for educational and technology demonstration purposes. The next challenge is the technology maturity for deep-space missions. The LEO serves as a relevant environment for [...] Read more.
Nanosatellites have established their importance in low-Earth orbit (LEO), and it is common for student teams to build them for educational and technology demonstration purposes. The next challenge is the technology maturity for deep-space missions. The LEO serves as a relevant environment for maturing the spacecraft design. Here we present the ESTCube-2 mission, which will be launched onboard VEGA-C VV23. The satellite was developed as a technology demonstrator for the future deep-space mission by the Estonian Student Satellite Program. The ultimate vision of the program is to use the electric solar wind sail (E-sail) technology in an interplanetary environment to traverse the solar system using lightweight propulsion means. Additional experiments were added to demonstrate all necessary technologies to use the E-sail payload onboard ESTCube-3, the next nanospacecraft targeting the lunar orbit. The E-sail demonstration requires a high-angular velocity spin-up to deploy a tether, resulting in a need for a custom satellite bus. In addition, the satellite includes deep-space prototypes: deployable structures; compact avionics stack electronics (including side panels); star tracker; reaction wheels; and cold–gas propulsion. During the development, two additional payloads were added to the design of ESTCube-2, one for Earth observation of the Normalized Difference Vegetation Index and the other for corrosion testing in the space of thin-film materials. The ESTCube-2 satellite has been finished and tested in time for delivery to the launcher. Eventually, the project proved highly complex, making the team lower its ambitions and optimize the development of electronics, software, and mechanical structure. The ESTCube-2 team dealt with budgetary constraints, student management problems during a pandemic, and issues in the documentation approach. Beyond management techniques, the project required leadership that kept the team aware of the big picture and willing to finish a complex satellite platform. The paper discusses the ESTCube-2 design and its development, highlights the team’s main technical, management, and leadership issues, and presents suggestions for nanosatellite and nanospacecraft developers. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Advances in CubeSat Sails and Tethers (2nd Edition))
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