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Actuators
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Innovations in Hydrostatic Pumps, Motors, and Fluid Power Systems: Design,...
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Innovations in Hydrostatic Pumps, Motors, and Fluid Power Systems: Design, Control, and Applications

A special issue of Actuators (ISSN 2076-0825). This special issue belongs to the section "High Torque/Power Density Actuators".

Deadline for manuscript submissions: 31 August 2026 | Viewed by 1166

Special Issue Editors

Prof. Dr. Kyoung Kwan Ahn

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Guest Editor
Department of Mechanical Engineering, University of Ulsan, Ulsan 44610, Republic of Korea
Interests: fluid power control; mechatronics; energy regeneration of construction machine
Special Issues, Collections and Topics in MDPI journals
Dr. Ji-Seong Jang

E-Mail Website
Guest Editor
Department of Mechanical System Engineering, Pukyong National University, Busan 48513, Republic of Korea
Interests: high-pressure gas transfer system and pressure regulator; pneumatic system energy efficiency; design of pneumatic servo system
Dr. Sangwon Ji

E-Mail Website
Guest Editor
Department of Mechanical System Engineering, Pukyong National University, Busan 48513, Republic of Korea
Interests: hydrostatic pumps and motors; electro-hydrostatic actuators (EHA); high-pressure hydrogen refueling systems and components; leakage and noise reduction; model-based, robust, and data-driven control of fluid power systems
Dr. Kyeong-Ju Kong

E-Mail Website
Guest Editor
Department of Mechanical System Engineering, Pukyong National University, Busan 48513, Republic of Korea
Interests: computational fluid dynamics (CFD); gas flow analysis; thermal-fluid analysis; multi-scale simulation; experimental–simulation synchronization method; dynamic mesh modeling

Special Issue Information

Dear Colleagues,

Fluid power remains a critical technology in construction, agriculture, marine, aerospace, and industrial automation. At the core of these systems, hydrostatic pumps and motors provide compact, high-torque, and precise actuation, but there are now stringent demands on efficiency, noise, durability, and intelligent operation that must be met.

This Special Issue of Actuators, “Innovations in Hydrostatic Pumps, Motors, and Fluid Power Systems: Design, Control, and Applications”, seeks cutting-edge contributions that advance the design, modeling, and control of modern hydrostatic pump/motor and fluid power systems.

Topics of interest include, but are not limited to, the following:

  • Design and Optimization: Highly efficient pump/motor architectures, novel volumetric displacement mechanisms, and noise reduction techniques.
  • Advanced Control: Model-based and data-driven control, adaptive control, and integration of AI/Machine Learning for system optimization and fault diagnosis.
  • System Integration and Applications: Electro-hydrostatic actuators (EHA), energy-efficient and electrified fluid power, energy recovery, and applications in mobile machinery, robotics, marine/offshore, and renewable energy systems.

We encourage researchers and practitioners to submit their latest findings on how these innovations are shaping the next generation of high-performance, precision, and energy-conscious fluid power technology.

Prof. Dr. Kyoung Kwan Ahn
Dr. Ji-Seong Jang
Dr. Sangwon Ji
Dr. Kyeong-Ju Kong
Guest Editors

Manuscript Submission Information

Manuscripts should be submitted online at www.mdpi.com by registering and logging in to this website. Once you are registered, click here to go to the submission form. Manuscripts can be submitted until the deadline. All submissions that pass pre-check are peer-reviewed. Accepted papers will be published continuously in the journal (as soon as accepted) and will be listed together on the special issue website. Research articles, review articles as well as short communications are invited. For planned papers, a title and short abstract (about 250 words) can be sent to the Editorial Office for assessment.

Submitted manuscripts should not have been published previously, nor be under consideration for publication elsewhere (except conference proceedings papers). All manuscripts are thoroughly refereed through a single-blind peer-review process. A guide for authors and other relevant information for submission of manuscripts is available on the Instructions for Authors page. Actuators is an international peer-reviewed open access monthly journal published by MDPI.

Please visit the Instructions for Authors page before submitting a manuscript. The Article Processing Charge (APC) for publication in this open access journal is 2400 CHF (Swiss Francs). Submitted papers should be well formatted and use good English. Authors may use MDPI's English editing service prior to publication or during author revisions.

Keywords

  • hydrostatic pumps and motors
  • fluid power systems
  • volumetric displacement mechanisms
  • port plate design
  • pressure-transition optimization
  • leakage and noise reduction
  • advanced control and monitoring
  • electro-hydrostatic actuators
  • energy-efficient hydraulics

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Further information on MDPI's Special Issue policies can be found here.

Published Papers (2 papers)

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Research

24 pages, 5517 KB  
Article
Volumetric Efficiency Prediction of External Gear Pumps Using a Leakage Model Based on Dynamic Clearances
by HyunWoo Yang, Ho Sung Jang and Sangwon Ji
Actuators 2026, 15(1), 56; https://doi.org/10.3390/act15010056 - 15 Jan 2026
Cited by 1 | Viewed by 539
Abstract
External gear pumps are widely used in industrial hydraulic systems, but their volumetric efficiency can deteriorate significantly because of internal leakage, especially under high-pressure operating conditions. Conventional lumped parameter models typically assume fixed clearances and therefore cannot accurately capture the leakage behavior associated [...] Read more.
External gear pumps are widely used in industrial hydraulic systems, but their volumetric efficiency can deteriorate significantly because of internal leakage, especially under high-pressure operating conditions. Conventional lumped parameter models typically assume fixed clearances and therefore cannot accurately capture the leakage behavior associated with pressure-induced deformation and wear. In this study, a dynamic clearance model for an external gear pump is developed and experimentally validated. Radial and axial clearances are measured in situ using eddy-current gap sensors over a range of operating conditions, and empirical correlation equations are identified as functions of pressure and rotational speed. These correlations are embedded into a tooth-space-volume-based lumped parameter model so that the leakage flow is updated at each time step according to the instantaneous dynamic clearances. The proposed model is validated against experimental measurements of volumetric efficiency obtained from a dedicated test bench. At 800 rev/min, the average prediction error of volumetric efficiency is reduced to 1.98% with the proposed dynamic clearance model, compared with 9.43% for a nominal static-clearance model and 3.35% for a model considering only static wear. These results demonstrate that explicitly accounting for dynamic clearance variations significantly improves the predictive accuracy of volumetric efficiency, and the proposed model can be used as a design tool for optimizing leakage paths and enhancing the energy efficiency of external gear pumps. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Innovations in Hydrostatic Pumps, Motors, and Fluid Power Systems: Design, Control, and Applications)
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22 pages, 7265 KB  
Article
Dynamic Modeling of Multi-Stroke Radial Piston Motor with CFD-Informed Leakage Characterization
by Manhui Woo and Sangwon Ji
Actuators 2026, 15(1), 54; https://doi.org/10.3390/act15010054 - 13 Jan 2026
Viewed by 437
Abstract
Radial piston motors are expected to expand their applications in hydraulic drive systems due to their high torque density and mechanical robustness. However, its volumetric efficiency can be significantly affected by the multi-stroke operating characteristics and leakage occurring in the micro-clearances of the [...] Read more.
Radial piston motors are expected to expand their applications in hydraulic drive systems due to their high torque density and mechanical robustness. However, its volumetric efficiency can be significantly affected by the multi-stroke operating characteristics and leakage occurring in the micro-clearances of the valve plate. In this study, a detailed modeling procedure for a multi-stroke radial piston motor is proposed using the 1D system simulation software Amesim. In particular, the dynamic interaction between the ports and pistons inside the motor is formulated using mathematical function-based expressions, enabling a more precise representation of the driving behavior and torque generation process. Furthermore, to characterize the leakage flow occurring in the micro-clearance between the fluid distributor and cylinder housing, the commercial CFD software Simerics MP+ was employed to analyze the three-dimensional flow characteristics within the leakage gap. Based on these CFD results, a leakage-path function was constructed and implemented in the Amesim model. As a result, the developed model exhibited strong agreement with reference data from an actual motor in terms of overall operating performance, including volumetric and mechanical efficiencies while consistently reproducing the leakage behavior observed in the CFD analysis. The simulation approach presented in this study demonstrates the capability to reliably capture complex fluid–mechanical interactions at the system level, and it can serve as an effective tool for performance prediction and optimal design of hydraulic motors. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Innovations in Hydrostatic Pumps, Motors, and Fluid Power Systems: Design, Control, and Applications)
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