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Vibration and Noise (2nd Edition)

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A special issue of Acoustics (ISSN 2624-599X).

Deadline for manuscript submissions: 8 August 2025 | Viewed by 13817

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Dr. Yat Sze Choy

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Department of Mechanical Engineering, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Kowloon 999077, Hong Kong
Interests: sound induced vibration; noise control; building acoustics; environmental noise measurement and control; sound sources identification
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Special Issue Information

Dear Colleagues,

Following the successful publication of our first edition, we are excited to announce the second edition of our Special Issue “Vibration and Noise”. Nowadays, increasingly stringent regulations are coming into force, limiting the vibration and noise levels exposed to human beings and the working environment. In this regard, research on the control of vibration and noise is of growing importance. Therefore, this Special Issue aims to present the most recent advances in this field, including, but not limited to, the following topics: interactions of vibration and noise; vibrations caused by noise; radiation of noise from vibrating structures; control of low-frequency vibration and noise; insulation, absorption, generation, and propagation of vibration and noise; theoretical, numerical, and experimental studies of vibration and noise; the control of vibration and noise in aircraft, automobiles, machinery, and vehicles; and materials for the control of vibration and noise. In addition, detection, measurement, and analysis methods are within the scope of this Special Issue. As this topic encompasses multidisciplinary areas, research on the coupling between structural vibration, noise, and fluids is also welcomed.

Dr. Yat Sze Choy
Guest Editor

Manuscript Submission Information

Manuscripts should be submitted online at www.mdpi.com by registering and logging in to this website. Once you are registered, click here to go to the submission form. Manuscripts can be submitted until the deadline. All submissions that pass pre-check are peer-reviewed. Accepted papers will be published continuously in the journal (as soon as accepted) and will be listed together on the special issue website. Research articles, review articles as well as short communications are invited. For planned papers, a title and short abstract (about 100 words) can be sent to the Editorial Office for announcement on this website.

Submitted manuscripts should not have been published previously, nor be under consideration for publication elsewhere (except conference proceedings papers). All manuscripts are thoroughly refereed through a single-blind peer-review process. A guide for authors and other relevant information for submission of manuscripts is available on the Instructions for Authors page. Acoustics is an international peer-reviewed open access quarterly journal published by MDPI.

Please visit the Instructions for Authors page before submitting a manuscript. The Article Processing Charge (APC) for publication in this open access journal is 1600 CHF (Swiss Francs). Submitted papers should be well formatted and use good English. Authors may use MDPI's English editing service prior to publication or during author revisions.

Keywords

noise control
noise generation
vibration control
vibration and Noise measurement and analysis
aircraft noise
automobile or vehicle noise
machinery noise
vibroacoustic coupling

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Vibration and Noise in Acoustics (20 articles)

Published Papers (9 papers)

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Research

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27 pages, 6803 KiB

Open AccessArticle

Longitudinal Effect of Music Exposure on Hearing Among Vocal Performance Students

by Rachel L. Lowrance, Charles J. Nudelman, Yvonne Gonzales Redman and Pasquale Bottalico

Acoustics 2024, 6(4), 1047-1073; https://doi.org/10.3390/acoustics6040057 - 25 Nov 2024

Viewed by 864

Abstract

The effects of music exposure on vocal performers remain relatively unknown. This study aimed to assess the immediate and long-term effects of music and singing practice on the peripheral auditory system of vocal performers using otoscopy, pure-tone audiometry, and noise dosimetry. The hearing status, sound pressure levels (SPLs), and sound doses of 12 vocal performers with normal hearing at the study’s onset were evaluated. Pre- and post-study questionnaires regarding the participants’ otologic health and music-making activities, as well as repeated hearing evaluations, were implemented. Additionally, noise dosimetry was conducted on each participant’s most vocally active day of the week. Audiometric assessments generally revealed normal hearing thresholds, with some exceptions. Half of the participants exhibited elevated low-frequency thresholds and over half of the participants displayed emerging audiometric “notches” at 6000 Hz. Noise dosimetry measurements indicated that most of the participants were consistently exposed to SPLs during music-making activities that exceeded recommended limits. Questionnaire responses highlighted that the participants often engaged in extra-curricular music-making activities, frequently with piano accompaniment, and with little to no use of hearing protection devices. A few of the participants reported histories of otologic issues and potential hearing problems. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Vibration and Noise (2nd Edition))

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19 pages, 19550 KiB

Open AccessArticle

Development and Assessment of a Miniaturized Test Rig for Evaluating Noise Reduction in Serrated Blades Under Turbulent Flow Conditions

by Andrei-George Totu, Cristian-Teodor Olariu, Andrei-Tudor Trifu, Andreea-Cătălina Totu and Grigore Cican

Acoustics 2024, 6(4), 978-996; https://doi.org/10.3390/acoustics6040054 - 11 Nov 2024

Viewed by 718

Abstract

The implementation of serrated stator blades in axial compressor and fan stages offers significant advantages, such as enhanced performance and reduced noise levels, making it a practical and cost-effective solution. This study explores the impact of serrated blade design on noise reduction under specific engine operating conditions. A small-scale experimental test setup with a turbulence-inducing grid was designed for testing multiple grid sizes in order to identify the most promising configuration which replicates rotor–stator interaction. Numerical simulations and early experimental tests in an anechoic chamber using a four-blade cascade configuration at an airflow speed of 50 m/s revealed a small but notable noise reduction in the 1–6 kHz range for a partially matched grid–blade geometry. Serrated blades demonstrated an overall sound pressure level reduction of 1.5 dB and up to 12 dB in tonal noise, highlighting the potential of cascade configurations to improve acoustic performance in gas turbine applications. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Vibration and Noise (2nd Edition))

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15 pages, 6073 KiB

Open AccessArticle

Underwater Small Target Detection Method Based on the Short-Time Fourier Transform and the Improved Permutation Entropy

by Jing Zhou, Baoan Hao, Yaan Li and Xiangfeng Yang

Acoustics 2024, 6(4), 870-884; https://doi.org/10.3390/acoustics6040048 - 10 Oct 2024

Viewed by 926

Abstract

In the realm of underwater active target detection, the presence of reverberation is an important factor that significantly impacts the efficacy of detection. This article introduces the improved permutation entropy algorithm into the analysis of active underwater acoustic signals. Based on the significant difference between the improved permutation entropy in the frequency domain and the time domain, a frequency-domain-improved permutation entropy detection algorithm is proposed. The performance of this algorithm and the energy detection algorithm are compared and analyzed under the same conditions. The results show that the spectral entropy detector is about 2.7 dB better than the energy detector, realized via active small target signal detection under a reverberation background. At the same time, based on the characteristics of improved permutation entropy changing with the length of processed data, the short-time Fourier transform is integrated into frequency domain entropy detection to obtain distance and velocity information of the target. To validate the proposed methods, comparative analysis experiments were executed utilizing actual experiment data. The outcomes of both simulation and actual experiment data processing demonstrated that the sliding entropy feature detection method for signal spectrum has a small computational complexity and can quickly determine whether there is a target echo in the receive data. The two-dimensional entropy feature detection method for short-time signal spectra was found to effectively mitigate the impact of reverberation intensity and while enhancing the prominence of the target signal, thereby yielding a more robust detection outcome. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Vibration and Noise (2nd Edition))

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13 pages, 1163 KiB

Open AccessArticle

A Decoupled Modal Reduction Method for the Steady-State Vibration Analysis of Vibro-Acoustic Systems with Non-Classical Damping

by Ruxin Gao and Shanshan Fan

Acoustics 2024, 6(3), 792-804; https://doi.org/10.3390/acoustics6030044 - 23 Sep 2024

Viewed by 817

Abstract

This paper presents a decoupled modal reduction method for the steady-state vibration analysis of vibro-acoustic systems characterized by non-classical damping. The proposed approach initially reduces the order of the coupled governing equations of the vibro-acoustic system through the utilization of non-coupled modes, subsequently employing the complex mode superposition technique to address non-classical damping effects. By leveraging non-coupled modes, this method circumvents the need to solve for coupled modes as required in traditional modal reduction techniques, thereby diminishing both computational complexity and cost. Furthermore, the complex mode superposition method facilitates the decoupling of coupled governing equations with non-classical damping, enhancing computational efficiency. Numerical examples validate both the accuracy and effectiveness of this methodology. Given that modal decomposition is independent of frequency, an analysis of computational efficiency across various stages further substantiates that this method offers significant advantages in terms of efficiency for computational challenges encountered over a broad frequency range. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Vibration and Noise (2nd Edition))

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13 pages, 3292 KiB

Open AccessArticle

Silent Neonatal Incubators, Prototype Nica+

by Ricardo Hernández-Molina, Virginia Puyana-Romero, Juan Luis Beira-Jiménez, Arturo Morgado-Estévez, Rafael Bienvenido-Bárcena and Francisco Fernández-Zacarías

Acoustics 2024, 6(3), 638-650; https://doi.org/10.3390/acoustics6030035 - 15 Jul 2024

Cited by 1 | Viewed by 1663

Abstract

Objectives: The purpose of this study was to evaluate and compare the noise levels in current incubator models and a prototype designed to improve acoustic comfort in neonatal incubators. Methods: Tests were carried out on three different models of incubators and a prototype called Neonatal Incubator Acoustic Comfort Class (NICA). The tests measured both internal and external sound pressure levels under laboratory conditions. The noise index has been taken as the A-weighted equivalent continuous sound pressure level (LAeq,T) for a time interval of 1 min. Results: The results obtained show variations between the different models of incubators, although, overall, they are high values (around 56/60 dBA). The results prove that premature newborns under normal conditions of using these incubators are exposed to noise levels above international recommendations. The new incubator design minimizes noise generation and generates noise levels lower than international recommendations. Conclusions: The results obtained from the prototype (NICA+) show the effectiveness of the proposed design in improving acoustic comfort in neonatal incubators. The data show that the noise levels generated by the prototype under normal operating conditions are significantly lower than international recommendations. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Vibration and Noise (2nd Edition))

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14 pages, 7165 KiB

Open AccessArticle

A New CPX Drum Test to Obtain Sound Pressure Levels of Tyre Noise for Type Approval

by David Clar-Garcia, Hector Campello-Vicente, Nuria Campillo-Davo, Miguel Sanchez-Lozano and Emilio Velasco-Sanchez

Acoustics 2024, 6(3), 579-592; https://doi.org/10.3390/acoustics6030031 - 28 Jun 2024

Viewed by 1279

Abstract

The primary cause of noise from vehicular traffic while travelling at speeds over 30 km/h is tyre/road interaction. To reduce this noise source, tyre/road sound emissions research has been carried out using different approaches. Most of this research has been centred around track tests, leading to the development of various track and road-based methods for evaluating tyre/road noise emissions. The CPX (Close-Proximity), along with the CPB (Controlled Pass-By), the CB (Coast-By) and the SPB (Statistical Pass-By), methods are the most common ones. Nevertheless, since Reg. (EC) 1222/2009 came into force, only the CB method, defined in Reg. (EC) 117/2007, can be used to obtain tyre/road noise emission type approval values in Europe. However, current track test methods have important limitations, such as the variability of the results depending on the test track or the test vehicle, the repeatability, the influence of environmental variables or, the main aspect, the limitation of the registered magnitude in these tests, which is the sound pressure level. The Alternative Drum test method (A-DR) was developed in 2015 in order to avoid these disadvantages. However, it involves a complex and time-consuming microphone array for each test. With the purpose of improving the A-DR test method, a new methodology based on drum tests, the ISO 11819-2 and the ISO 3744 standards, was developed. This paper describes the new Alternative CPX Drum test method (A-CPX-DR) and validates it by testing several tyres according to the CB, the A-DR and the A-CPX-DR test methods and comparing their results. This research has demonstrated that all three methods have equivalent sound spectra and obtain close equivalent sound pressure levels for type approval of tyres in the EU, while drum tests have shown greater accuracy. For both reasons, the new A-CPX-DR methodology could be used for tyre/road noise emission type approval in a more precise and cheaper way. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Vibration and Noise (2nd Edition))

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18 pages, 5608 KiB

Open AccessArticle

Experimental Prediction Method of Free-Field Sound Emissions Using the Boundary Element Method and Laser Scanning Vibrometry

by Andreas Wurzinger, Florian Kraxberger, Paul Maurerlehner, Bernhard Mayr-Mittermüller, Peter Rucz, Harald Sima, Manfred Kaltenbacher and Stefan Schoder

Acoustics 2024, 6(1), 65-82; https://doi.org/10.3390/acoustics6010004 - 3 Jan 2024

Viewed by 2664

Abstract

Acoustic emissions play a major role in the usability of many product categories. Therefore, mitigating the emitted sound directly at the source is paramount to improve usability and customer satisfaction. To reliably predict acoustic emissions, numerical methods such as the boundary element method (BEM) are employed, which allow for predicting, e.g., the acoustic emission into the free field. BEM algorithms need appropriate boundary conditions to couple the sound field with the structural motion of the vibrating body. In this contribution, firstly, an interpolation scheme is presented, which allows for appropriate interpolation of arbitrary velocity data to the computational grid of the BEM. Secondly, the free-field Helmholtz problem is solved with the open-source BEM software framework NiHu. The forward coupling between the device of interest and BEM is based on the surface normal velocities (i.e., a Neumann boundary condition). The BEM simulation results are validated using a previously established aeroacoustic benchmark problem. Furthermore, an application to a medical device (knee prosthesis frame) is presented. Furthermore, the radiated sound power is evaluated and contextualized with other low-cost approximations. Regarding the validation example, very good agreements are achieved between the measurements and BEM results, with a mean effective pressure level error of

0.63

dB averaged across three microphone positions. Applying the workflow to a knee prosthesis frame, the simulation is capable of predicting the acoustic radiation to four microphone positions with a mean effective pressure level error of

1.52

dB. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Vibration and Noise (2nd Edition))

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20 pages, 10994 KiB

Open AccessArticle

Data-Driven Discovery of Anomaly-Sensitive Parameters from Uvula Wake Flows Using Wavelet Analyses and Poincaré Maps

by Xiuhua Si, Junshi Wang, Haibo Dong and Jinxiang Xi

Acoustics 2023, 5(4), 1046-1065; https://doi.org/10.3390/acoustics5040060 - 2 Nov 2023

Cited by 4 | Viewed by 2664

Abstract

This study presents a data-driven approach to identifying anomaly-sensitive parameters through a multiscale, multifaceted analysis of simulated respiratory flows. The anomalies under consideration include a pharyngeal model with three levels of constriction (M1, M2, M3) and a flapping uvula with two types of kinematics (K1, K2). Direct numerical simulations (DNS) were implemented to solve the wake flows induced by a flapping uvula; instantaneous vortex images, as well as pressures and velocities at seven probes, were recorded for twelve cycles. Principal component analysis (PCA), wavelet-based multifractal spectrum and scalogram, and Poincaré mapping were implemented to identify anomaly-sensitive parameters. The PCA results demonstrated a reasonable periodicity of instantaneous vortex images in the leading vector space and revealed distinct patterns between models with varying uvula kinematics (K1, K2). At higher PCA ranks, the periodicity gradually decays, eventually transitioning to a random pattern. The multifractal spectra and scalograms of pressures in the pharynx (P6, P7) show high sensitivity to uvula kinematics, with the pitching mode (K2) having a wider spectrum and a left-skewed peak than the heaving mode (K1). Conversely, the Poincaré maps of velocities and pressures in the pharynx (Vel6, Vel7, P6, P7) exhibit high sensitivity to pharyngeal constriction levels (M1–M3), but not to uvula kinematics. The parameter sensitivity to anomaly also differs with the probe site; thus, synergizing measurements from multiple probes with properly extracted anomaly-sensitive parameters holds the potential to localize the source of snoring and estimate the collapsibility of the pharynx. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Vibration and Noise (2nd Edition))

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Review

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24 pages, 4039 KiB

Open AccessReview

A Review and Bibliometric Analysis of Unmanned Aerial System (UAS) Noise Studies Between 2015 and 2024

by Chuyang Yang, Ryan J. Wallace and Chenyu Huang

Acoustics 2024, 6(4), 997-1020; https://doi.org/10.3390/acoustics6040055 - 20 Nov 2024

Viewed by 953

Abstract

Unmanned aerial systems (UAS), commonly known as drones, have gained widespread use due to their affordability and versatility across various domains, including military, commercial, and recreational sectors. Applications such as remote sensing, aerial imaging, agriculture, firefighting, search and rescue, infrastructure inspection, and public safety have extensively adopted this technology. However, environmental impacts, particularly noise, have raised concerns among the public and local communities. Unlike traditional crewed aircraft, drones typically operate in low-altitude airspace (below 400 feet or 122 m), making their noise impact more significant when they are closer to houses, people, and livestock. Numerous studies have explored methods for monitoring, assessing, and predicting the noise footprint of drones. This study employs a bibliometric analysis of relevant scholarly works in the Web of Science Core Collection, published from 2015 to 2024, following Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA) data collection and screening procedures. The International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health, Aerospace Science and Technology, and the Journal of the Acoustical Society of America are the top three preferred outlets for publications in this area. This review unveils trends, topics, key authors and institutions, and national contributions in the field through co-authorship analysis, co-citation analysis, and other statistical methods. By addressing the identified challenges, leveraging emerging technologies, and fostering collaborations, the field can move towards more effective noise abatement strategies, ultimately contributing to the broader acceptance and sustainable integration of UASs into various aspects of society. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Vibration and Noise (2nd Edition))

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