Caletodraco cottardi: A New Furileusaurian Abelisaurid (Dinosauria: Theropoda) from the Cenomanian Chalk of Normandy (North-Western France) †
Abstract
:1. Introduction
2. Geographical and Geological Settings
3. Material and Methods
4. Systematic Paleontology
4.1. Description
Caudal Vertebra
4.2. Measurements and Size Estimate
4.3. Comparisons and Identification
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- Presence of six strongly fused sacral vertebrae. The number of sacral vertebrae is variable in abelisauroids [34]. The furileusaurians Carnotaurus and Aucasaurus have six, the majungasaurine Majungasaurus only five, but the noasaurid Masiakasaurus has six. The degree of fusion of the sacral vertebrae is also variable. In Majungasaurus [42], sutures are still visible between centra and neural arches. The advanced degree of fusion seen in Caletodraco cottardi can probably be considered as a characteristic of derived abelisaurids.
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- Sacrum constricted in its middle part. This character, resulting from the narrowness of the mid-sacral vertebrae, is present in many ceratosaurs [34] and well developed in furileusaurians such as Carnotaurus and Aucasaurus, but is apparently absent in Majungasaurus.
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- −
- Well-developed pneumaticity of the neural spines and transverse processes of the sacral vertebrae. This is a ceratosaurian character according to Carrano and Sampson [44].
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- Wide base of the neural arch of the first caudal vertebra. This character is widespread among abelisauroids according to Carrano and Sampson [44].
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- Presence of a hyposphene on the neural arch of the first caudal vertebra. A hyposphene–hypantrum accessory articulation is present in Carnotaurus, Aucasaurus, Ekrixinatosaurus, Skorpiovenator, Pycnonemosaurus [45], Kurupi [46] and Koleken [3] but absent in Ilokelesia, Majungasaurus [45] and Arcovenator [12].
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- Distally expanded transverse processes of the first caudal vertebra, with a convex distal margin and a pointed anterior process. A great distal expansion of the transverse processes of anterior and mid-caudal vertebrae was considered as a synapomorphy of Brachyrostra by Canale et al. [35]. Filippi et al. [16] considered a convex distal edge of the transverse process, and a strong development of an anterior projection as a synapomorphy of Furileusauria. See below for a detailed discussion of this feature, which appears to be a distinguishing characteristic of furileusaurians.
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- Dorsal margin of the ilium straight (Figure 11). This character is found in derived abelisaurids such as the furileusaurian Brachyrostra Carnotaurus sastrei [48], Aucasaurus garridoi [34] and Koleken inakayali [3]. In the less derived Majungasaurus crenatissimus [42] and Skorpiovenator bustingorryi [49], the dorsal margin of the ilium is convex, while it is possibly undulated in Rahiolisaurus gujaratensis [50] and Ekrixinatosaurus novasi [51]. Interestingly, a straight dorsal margin is also present in Genusaurus sisteronis, from the Albian of France, a possible furileusaurian (see below and [34]). It should be noted, however, that this character is also known in the noasaurid Masiakasaurus knopfleri [52].
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- Posterior margin of the ilium with a deep notch and a posterodorsal process (Figure 11). This is a widespread character in Abelisauridae, being found in both majungasaurines (Majungasaurus) and brachyrostrans (Aucasaurus, Carnotaurus).
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- Brevis fossa becoming significantly wider posteriorly. This feature appears to be widespread in abelisaurids, and more generally in ceratosaurs [43].
5. Discussion
6. Conclusions
Author Contributions
Funding
Data Availability Statement
Acknowledgments
Conflicts of Interest
References
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Buffetaut, E.; Tong, H.; Girard, J.; Hoyez, B.; Párraga, J. Caletodraco cottardi: A New Furileusaurian Abelisaurid (Dinosauria: Theropoda) from the Cenomanian Chalk of Normandy (North-Western France). Foss. Stud. 2024, 2, 177-195. https://doi.org/10.3390/fossils2030009
Buffetaut E, Tong H, Girard J, Hoyez B, Párraga J. Caletodraco cottardi: A New Furileusaurian Abelisaurid (Dinosauria: Theropoda) from the Cenomanian Chalk of Normandy (North-Western France). Fossil Studies. 2024; 2(3):177-195. https://doi.org/10.3390/fossils2030009
Chicago/Turabian StyleBuffetaut, Eric, Haiyan Tong, Jérôme Girard, Bernard Hoyez, and Javier Párraga. 2024. "Caletodraco cottardi: A New Furileusaurian Abelisaurid (Dinosauria: Theropoda) from the Cenomanian Chalk of Normandy (North-Western France)" Fossil Studies 2, no. 3: 177-195. https://doi.org/10.3390/fossils2030009
APA StyleBuffetaut, E., Tong, H., Girard, J., Hoyez, B., & Párraga, J. (2024). Caletodraco cottardi: A New Furileusaurian Abelisaurid (Dinosauria: Theropoda) from the Cenomanian Chalk of Normandy (North-Western France). Fossil Studies, 2(3), 177-195. https://doi.org/10.3390/fossils2030009