Prevalence Rate of Adverse Drug Reactions from Sodium-Glucose Cotransporter-2 Inhibitors: A Retrospective Cohort Study

Background/Objectives: Sodium-glucose cotransporter-2 (SGLT2) inhibitors are widely used in type 2 diabetes mellitus for glycemic control and cardiovascular–renal protection, but adverse effects such as acute kidney injury (AKI), urinary tract infection (UTI), euglycemic diabetic ketoacidosis (Eu-DKA), and acute pancreatitis remain concerns. We aimed to determine the prevalence of adverse drug reactions (ADRs) associated with SGLT2 inhibitor use. Methods: This retrospective study assessed the prevalence of these adverse events and identified factors associated with UTI among SGLT2 inhibitor users at Suddhavej Hospital (1 January 2019–15 August 2023). Data were extracted from the hospital electronic medical record system (BMS-HOSxP). Results: We analyzed 293 patients (59.73% male; mean age 63.08 ± 0.667 years; 62.08% aged >60). Dapagliflozin had the highest prevalence of AKI (11.42%) and UTI (13.40%). No acute pancreatitis cases were reported. Logistic regression identified female sex (odds ratios [OR] 2.31, 95% confidence intervals [CI] 1.08–4.96; p = 0.032), AKI diagnosis (OR 3.31, 95% CI 1.10–9.89; p = 0.032), age ≥ 60 years (OR 2.78, 95% CI 1.09–7.09; p = 0.033), and SGLT2 inhibitor use <6 months (OR 5.78, 95% CI 2.74–14.18; p = 0.017) as significant risk factors for UTI. Conclusions: Dapagliflozin was associated with the highest prevalence of AKI and UTIs. Female sex, AKI diagnosis, age ≥ 60 years, and SGLT2 inhibitor use <6 months were significant risk factors for UTI among SGLT2 inhibitor users.