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Volume 8, IS4SI Summit 2023
 
 

Comput. Sci. Math. Forum, 2024, AIBSD 2024

The 2nd AAAI Workshop on Artificial Intelligence with Biased or Scarce Data (AIBSD)

Vancouver, BC, Canada | 26 February 2024

Volume Editors:
Kuan-Chuan Peng, Mitsubishi Electric Research Laboratories (MERL), USA
Abhishek Aich, NEC Laboratories, USA
Ziyan Wu, United Imaging Intelligence, USA

Number of Papers: 6
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Cover Story (view full-size image): With the increasing appetite for data in data-driven methods, the issues of biased and scarce data have become a major bottleneck in developing generalizable and scalable artificial intelligence [...] Read more.
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1 pages, 136 KiB  
Editorial
Statement of Peer Review
by Kuan-Chuan Peng, Abhishek Aich and Ziyan Wu
Comput. Sci. Math. Forum 2024, 9(1), 1; https://doi.org/10.3390/cmsf2024009001 - 23 Jan 2024
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Abstract
In submitting conference proceedings to the Computer Sciences & Mathematics Forum, the volume editors of the proceedings certify to the publisher that all papers published in this volume have been subjected to peer review administered by the volume editors [...] Full article

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16 pages, 914 KiB  
Proceeding Paper
Frustratingly Easy Environment Discovery for Invariant Learning
by Samira Zare and Hien Van Nguyen
Comput. Sci. Math. Forum 2024, 9(1), 2; https://doi.org/10.3390/cmsf2024009002 - 29 Jan 2024
Viewed by 1402
Abstract
Standard training via empirical risk minimization may result in making predictions that overly rely on spurious correlations. This can degrade the generalization to out-of-distribution settings where these correlations no longer hold. Invariant learning has been shown to be a promising approach for identifying [...] Read more.
Standard training via empirical risk minimization may result in making predictions that overly rely on spurious correlations. This can degrade the generalization to out-of-distribution settings where these correlations no longer hold. Invariant learning has been shown to be a promising approach for identifying predictors that ignore spurious correlations. However, an important limitation of this approach is that it assumes access to different “environments” (also known as domains), which may not always be available. This paper proposes a simple yet effective strategy for discovering maximally informative environments from a single dataset. Our frustratingly easy environment discovery (FEED) approach trains a biased reference classifier using a generalized cross-entropy loss function and partitions the dataset based on its performance. These environments can be used with various invariant learning algorithms, including Invariant Risk Minimization, Risk Extrapolation, and Group Distributionally Robust Optimization. The results indicate that FEED can discover environments with a higher group sufficiency gap compared to the state-of-the-art environment inference baseline and leads to improved test accuracy on CMNIST, Waterbirds, and CelebA datasets. Full article
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15 pages, 6623 KiB  
Proceeding Paper
Semi-Supervised Implicit Augmentation for Data-Scarce VQA
by Bhargav Dodla, Kartik Hegde and A. N. Rajagopalan
Comput. Sci. Math. Forum 2024, 9(1), 3; https://doi.org/10.3390/cmsf2024009003 - 7 Feb 2024
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Abstract
Vision-language models (VLMs) have demonstrated increasing potency in solving complex vision-language tasks in the recent past. Visual question answering (VQA) is one of the primary downstream tasks for assessing the capability of VLMs, as it helps in gauging the multimodal understanding of a [...] Read more.
Vision-language models (VLMs) have demonstrated increasing potency in solving complex vision-language tasks in the recent past. Visual question answering (VQA) is one of the primary downstream tasks for assessing the capability of VLMs, as it helps in gauging the multimodal understanding of a VLM in answering open-ended questions. The vast contextual information learned during the pretraining stage in VLMs can be utilised effectively to finetune the VQA model for specific datasets. In particular, special types of VQA datasets, such as OK-VQA, A-OKVQA (outside knowledge-based), and ArtVQA (domain-specific), have a relatively smaller number of images and corresponding question-answer annotations in the training set. Such datasets can be categorised as data-scarce. This hinders the effective learning of VLMs due to the low information availability. We introduce SemIAug (Semi-Supervised Implicit Augmentation), a model and dataset agnostic strategy specially designed to address the challenges faced by limited data availability in the domain-specific VQA datasets. SemIAug uses the annotated image-question data present within the chosen dataset and augments it with meaningful new image-question associations. We show that SemIAug improves the VQA performance on data-scarce datasets without the need for additional data or labels. Full article
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9 pages, 944 KiB  
Proceeding Paper
Small Dataset, Big Gains: Enhancing Reinforcement Learning by Offline Pre-Training with Model-Based Augmentation
by Girolamo Macaluso, Alessandro Sestini and Andrew D. Bagdanov
Comput. Sci. Math. Forum 2024, 9(1), 4; https://doi.org/10.3390/cmsf2024009004 - 18 Feb 2024
Viewed by 1189
Abstract
Offline reinforcement learning leverages pre-collected datasets of transitions to train policies. It can serve as an effective initialization for online algorithms, enhancing sample efficiency and speeding up convergence. However, when such datasets are limited in size and quality, offline pre-training can produce sub-optimal [...] Read more.
Offline reinforcement learning leverages pre-collected datasets of transitions to train policies. It can serve as an effective initialization for online algorithms, enhancing sample efficiency and speeding up convergence. However, when such datasets are limited in size and quality, offline pre-training can produce sub-optimal policies and lead to a degraded online reinforcement learning performance. In this paper, we propose a model-based data augmentation strategy to maximize the benefits of offline reinforcement learning pre-training and reduce the scale of data needed to be effective. Our approach leverages a world model of the environment trained on the offline dataset to augment states during offline pre-training. We evaluate our approach on a variety of MuJoCo robotic tasks, and our results show that it can jumpstart online fine-tuning and substantially reduce—in some cases by an order of magnitude—the required number of environment interactions. Full article
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13 pages, 1166 KiB  
Proceeding Paper
Exploring 3D Object Detection for Autonomous Factory Driving: Advanced Research on Handling Limited Annotations with Ground Truth Sampling Augmentation
by Matthias Reuse, Karl Amende, Martin Simon and Bernhard Sick
Comput. Sci. Math. Forum 2024, 9(1), 5; https://doi.org/10.3390/cmsf2024009005 - 18 Feb 2024
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Abstract
Autonomously driving vehicles in car factories and parking spaces can represent a competitive advantage in the logistics industry. However, the real-world application is challenging in many ways. First of all, there are no publicly available datasets for this specific task. Therefore, we equipped [...] Read more.
Autonomously driving vehicles in car factories and parking spaces can represent a competitive advantage in the logistics industry. However, the real-world application is challenging in many ways. First of all, there are no publicly available datasets for this specific task. Therefore, we equipped two industrial production sites with up to 11 LiDAR sensors to collect and annotate our own data for infrastructural 3D object detection. These form the basis for extensive experiments. Due to the still limited amount of labeled data, the commonly used ground truth sampling augmentation is the core of research in this work. Several variations of this augmentation method are explored, revealing that in our case, the most commonly used is not necessarily the best. We show that an easy-to-create polygon can noticeably improve the detection results in this application scenario. By using these augmentation methods, it is even possible to achieve moderate detection results when only empty frames without any objects and a database with only a few labeled objects are used. Full article
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12 pages, 2208 KiB  
Proceeding Paper
iBALR3D: imBalanced-Aware Long-Range 3D Semantic Segmentation
by Keying Zhang, Ruirui Cai, Xinqiao Wu, Jiguang Zhao and Ping Qin
Comput. Sci. Math. Forum 2024, 9(1), 6; https://doi.org/10.3390/cmsf2024009006 - 14 Mar 2024
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Abstract
Three-dimensional semantic segmentation is crucial for comprehending transmission line structure and environment. This understanding forms the basis for a variety of applications, such as automatic risk assessment of line tripping caused by wildfires, wind, and thunder. However, the performance of current 3D point [...] Read more.
Three-dimensional semantic segmentation is crucial for comprehending transmission line structure and environment. This understanding forms the basis for a variety of applications, such as automatic risk assessment of line tripping caused by wildfires, wind, and thunder. However, the performance of current 3D point cloud segmentation methods tends to degrade on imbalanced data, which negatively impacts the overall segmentation results. In this paper, we proposed an imBalanced-Aware Long-Range 3D Semantic Segmentation framework (iBALR3D) which is specifically designed for large-scale transmission line segmentation. To address the unsatisfactory performance on categories with few points, an Enhanced Imbalanced Contrastive Learning module is first proposed to improve feature discrimination between points across sampling regions by contrasting the representations with the assistance of data augmentation. A structural Adaptive Spatial Encoder is designed to capture the distinguish measures across different components. Additionally, we employ a sampling strategy to enable the model to concentrate more on regions of categories with few points. This strategy further enhances the model’s robustness in handling challenges associated with long-range and significant data imbalances. Finally, we introduce a large-scale 3D point cloud dataset (500KV3D) captured from high-voltage long-range transmission lines and evaluate iBALR3D on it. Extensive experiments demonstrate the effectiveness and superiority of our approach. Full article
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