International Journal of Orofacial Myology and Myofunctional Therapy

2 pages, 1646 KiB

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Poster 5: No Pain No Gain—The Com’s Essential Guide to Laser Frenectomy Wound Care

by Shari Green

Int. J. Orofac. Myol. Myofunct. Ther. 2016, 42(1), 66-67; https://doi.org/10.52010/ijom.2016.42.1.9 - 1 Nov 2016

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In the past few years, new research has emerged regarding the significance of ankyloglossia and it's potential for a myriad of oral muscular and growth concerns [...] Full article

5 pages, 174 KiB

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Poster 4: Multitasking Properties of Some Orofacial Muscles

by Lucia Coceani Paskay

Int. J. Orofac. Myol. Myofunct. Ther. 2016, 42(1), 61-65; https://doi.org/10.52010/ijom.2016.42.1.8 - 1 Nov 2016

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Abstract

In recent years many studies on the anatomy and neurophysiology of muscles of the face and mouth have revealed a much more complex ability of muscles to "multitask". Apart from being involved in sucking, swallowing, chewing and speaking, some muscles are also involved [...] Read more.

In recent years many studies on the anatomy and neurophysiology of muscles of the face and mouth have revealed a much more complex ability of muscles to "multitask". Apart from being involved in sucking, swallowing, chewing and speaking, some muscles are also involved in the patency of the airways during sleep, the postural position of the jaw during physical activities, the promotion of nasal breathing, or stress relief, just to name a few functions. In this brief review, some additional properties of the genioglossus (GG), the palatoglossus (PG), the masseters (MM) and the orbicularis oris (OO) will be reviewed. Full article

6 pages, 234 KiB

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Poster 3: The Acoustic Analysis of Vowel Productions Pre- and Post-lingual Frenectomy

by Zuleica Camargo, Luciana Oliveira, Maria Augusta Forte Svicero, Irene Marchesan and Sandra Madureira

Int. J. Orofac. Myol. Myofunct. Ther. 2016, 42(1), 55-60; https://doi.org/10.52010/ijom.2016.42.1.7 - 1 Nov 2016

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Abstract

Introduction: Subjects with altered lingual frenulum may have difficulty speaking, chewing, and swallowing. Acoustic analysis allows for inferring the mechanisms of speech production, such as the tongue position on the horizontal and vertical axes and the jaw position. Aim: The aim [...] Read more.

Introduction: Subjects with altered lingual frenulum may have difficulty speaking, chewing, and swallowing. Acoustic analysis allows for inferring the mechanisms of speech production, such as the tongue position on the horizontal and vertical axes and the jaw position. Aim: The aim is to compare formant frequencies (F1 and F2) for seven oral vowels in Brazilian Portuguese (BP), when produced by individuals who had a lingual frenectomy, pre- and post-surgical periods (a minimum six-month interval). Methods: There were seven subjects ranging in age from 6y3m to 14y7m, who were assessed and diagnosed with lingual frenulum alteration and the need for frenectomy was indicated, were selected and participated in two collections of speech data: (a) pre- surgery and (b) post-surgery. The speech samples consisted of words containing the seven vowels of BP which were acoustically analyzed in the software PRAAT, and the F1 and F2 measures were taken. The data were statistically analyzed (ANOVA) for the different vowels in the moments (a) and (b). Results: Acoustic measurements revealed significant differences between the pre-and post-surgical period (six months) when compared to F1 for vowels [a] (p = 0.018), [e] (p = 0.018) and [u] (p = 0.049) and F2 for vowels [e] (p = 0.026) and [u] (p < 0.001). Conclusions: F1 and F2 values indicated that the movement of the tongue improved after lingual frenectomy, revealing greater anterior mobilization but limited height range. Full article

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6 pages, 1004 KiB

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Poster 2: Posterior Lingual Frenulum and Breastfeeding

by Roberta Lopes de Castro Martinelli, Irene Queiroz Marchesan and Giédre Berretin-Felix

Int. J. Orofac. Myol. Myofunct. Ther. 2016, 42(1), 49-54; https://doi.org/10.52010/ijom.2016.42.1.6 - 1 Nov 2016

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Abstract

Introduction: The literature refers to ankyloglossia as anterior, when the lingual frenulum is visible, and posterior, when the frenulum is not visible. Posterior ankyloglossia is sometimes referred to as a submucosal tongue-tie. The anatomical variations of the posterior ankyloglossia and its interference [...] Read more.

Introduction: The literature refers to ankyloglossia as anterior, when the lingual frenulum is visible, and posterior, when the frenulum is not visible. Posterior ankyloglossia is sometimes referred to as a submucosal tongue-tie. The anatomical variations of the posterior ankyloglossia and its interference with tongue movements are poorly described in the literature. Aim: The aim of this study is to verify the occurrence of posterior lingual frenulum in infants and its interference with sucking and swallowing during breastfeeding. Methods: This clinical study included 1084 newborns, who were assessed at 30 days of life, using the Lingual Frenulum Protocol for Infants (LFPI). This study included healthy full-term infants, who were being exclusively breastfed. Prematurity, perinatal complications, craniofacial anomalies, neurological disorders, and visible genetics syndromes were the exclusion criteria. The LFPI was administered to the infants, and the assessments were registered and videotaped. Tongue movements, sucking rhythm, sucking/swallowing/breathing coordination, nipple chewing, and/or tongue clicking were assessed during nutritive and non-nutritive sucking evaluations. Descriptive statistics were performed. Results: Of the 1084 newborns, 479 (44.2%) had normal lingual frenulum; 380 (35%) had posterior lingual frenulum; and 225 (20.8%) had lingual frenulum alterations. Infants with posterior lingual frenulum did not have any restrictive tongue movement during sucking and swallowing. Conclusions: The occurrence of posterior frenulum in this sample was 35%. The posterior frenulum did not interfere with sucking and swallowing during breastfeeding; therefore, surgery was not recommended for any of the subjects in this sample. Full article

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6 pages, 161 KiB

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Poster 1: Rest Position of the Tongue in Infants with and Without Lingual Frenulum Alteration

by Roberta Lopes de Castro Martinelli, Irene Queiroz Marchesan and Giédre Berretin-Felix

Int. J. Orofac. Myol. Myofunct. Ther. 2016, 42(1), 43-48; https://doi.org/10.52010/ijom.2016.42.1.5 - 1 Nov 2016

Cited by 5 | Viewed by 228

Abstract

Rest position of the infants' tongue with and without lingual frenulum alteration is poorly reported in the literature. The present study aims to verify the rest position of the tongue in infants with and without lingual frenulum alteration. A cross-sectional study was conducted [...] Read more.

Rest position of the infants' tongue with and without lingual frenulum alteration is poorly reported in the literature. The present study aims to verify the rest position of the tongue in infants with and without lingual frenulum alteration. A cross-sectional study was conducted with 324 infants. While the infant was sleeping, deep sleep, the SLP, facing the baby, opened the infant's mouth by pushing down the infant's chin with their thumbs, and at the same time, elevated the upper lip using their index fingers. The maneuver provided the visualization of the infant's tongue position at rest: elevated or down. The Chi-square test was used for statistical treatment of the data at 5% level of significance (p < 0.05). The variables included in the Chi-square analyses were: (a) tongue elevated, (b) tongue down-positioned, (c) normal lingual frenulum, and (d) altered lingual frenulum. The statistical analysis demonstrated that there was an association between the tongue position at rest and the characteristics of the lingual frenulum. When the lingual frenulum was altered, the infant's tongue rest position tended to be down in the oral cavity (p < 0.001). In infants with lingual frenulum alteration, the tongue at rest tended to be down-positioned, between the gum pads. In infants with normal lingual frenulum, the tongue at rest tended to be elevated. Full article

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8 pages, 562 KiB

Open AccessPerspective

Clinical Column: Inclusion of Orofacial Myofunctional Disorders Content for Communication Sciences and Disorders Students

by Hope C. Reed

Int. J. Orofac. Myol. Myofunct. Ther. 2016, 42(1), 35-42; https://doi.org/10.52010/ijom.2016.42.1.4 - 1 Nov 2016

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Abstract

Including orofacial myofunctional disorders (OMDs)-related content in Communication Sciences and Disorders (CSD) curricula is vital to meeting the demands of the profession. The author was prompted to investigate this issue further as a result of her own observations of the resulting benefits from [...] Read more.

Including orofacial myofunctional disorders (OMDs)-related content in Communication Sciences and Disorders (CSD) curricula is vital to meeting the demands of the profession. The author was prompted to investigate this issue further as a result of her own observations of the resulting benefits from the past 12 years. Student training continues to evolve in order to address this need. This article seeks to substantiate the importance of this content and offer methods for inclusion and possible benefits. The investigation revealed the important role OMDs can play in the preparation of speech-language pathologists. University programs are encouraged to consider including the fundamentals of OMDs in order to best meet the needs of public school students and patients, as well as university students who are the future professionals. Appendices containing related data and an outline of content that could be featured in a course or workshop are provided. Full article

10 pages, 139 KiB

Open AccessArticle

The Influence of Lexical Factors on Vowel Distinctiveness: Effects of Jaw Positioning

by Benjamin Munson and Nancy Pearl Solomon

Int. J. Orofac. Myol. Myofunct. Ther. 2016, 42(1), 25-34; https://doi.org/10.52010/ijom.2016.42.1.3 - 1 Nov 2016

Cited by 2 | Viewed by 100

Abstract

The phonetic characteristics of words are influenced by lexical characteristics, including word frequency and phonological neighborhood density (Baese-Berke & Goldrick, 2009; Wright, 2004). In our previous research, we replicated this effect with neurologically healthy young adults (Munson & Solomon, 2004). In research with [...] Read more.

The phonetic characteristics of words are influenced by lexical characteristics, including word frequency and phonological neighborhood density (Baese-Berke & Goldrick, 2009; Wright, 2004). In our previous research, we replicated this effect with neurologically healthy young adults (Munson & Solomon, 2004). In research with the same set of participants, we showed that speech sounded less natural when produced with bite blocks than with an unconstrained jaw (Solomon, Makashay, & Munson, 2016). The current study combined these concepts to examine whether a bite-block perturbation exaggerated or reduced the effects of lexical factors on normal speech. Ten young adults produced more challenging lexical stimuli (i.e., infrequent words with many phonological neighbors) with shorter vowels and more disperse F1/F2 spaces than less challenging words (i.e., frequent words with few phonological neighbors). This difference was exaggerated when speaking with a 10-mm bite block, though the interaction between jaw positioning and lexical competition did not achieve statistical significance. Results indicate that talkers alter vowel characteristics in response both to biomechanical and linguistic demands, and that the effect of lexical characteristics is robust to the articulatory reorganization required for successful bite-block compensation. Full article

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10 pages, 243 KiB

Open AccessArticle

The Effect of Jaw Position on Perceptual and Acoustic Characteristics of Speech

by Nancy Pearl Solomon, Matthew J. Makashay and Benjamin Munson

Int. J. Orofac. Myol. Myofunct. Ther. 2016, 42(1), 15-24; https://doi.org/10.52010/ijom.2016.42.1.2 - 1 Nov 2016

Cited by 3 | Viewed by 178

Abstract

Bite blocks are used to stabilize the jaw and to isolate tongue and lip movements from that of the mandible during speech and nonspeech activities. Ten normally speaking young adults produced sentences with an unconstrained jaw and with unilateral placement of 2-mm and [...] Read more.

Bite blocks are used to stabilize the jaw and to isolate tongue and lip movements from that of the mandible during speech and nonspeech activities. Ten normally speaking young adults produced sentences with an unconstrained jaw and with unilateral placement of 2-mm and 5-mm bite blocks. Six listeners rated sentences spoken without either bite block as the most natural sounding. Spectral characteristics of /s/, /J/ and /t/ (sibilant frication and stop bursts) differed significantly with than without bite blocks, such that mean spectral energy decreased, and variation and skew of spectral energy increased. Spectral kurtosis did not change for the group, but 2 participants exhibited highly kurtotic /s/ spectra without a bite block that normalized with bite blocks. The second formant frequency for the high vowel /i/ was lower with bite blocks; there was no systematic difference in F2 slope for diphthongs. Segmental and suprasegmental timing of speech articulation was not affected significantly by these small bite blocks. This study provides support for using small bite blocks to isolate the tongue from the jaw without large effects on speech, but cautions that speech is likely to sound less natural than when produced with an unconstrained jaw. Full article

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9 pages, 83 KiB

Open AccessArticle

Validation of the Lingual Frenulum Protocol for Infants

by Roberta Lopes de Castro Martinelli, Irene Queiroz Marchesan, José Roberto Lauris, Heitor Marques Honório, Reinaldo Jordão Gusmão and Giédre Berretin-Felix

Int. J. Orofac. Myol. Myofunct. Ther. 2016, 42(1), 6-14; https://doi.org/10.52010/ijom.2016.42.1.1 - 1 Nov 2016

Cited by 3 | Viewed by 186

Abstract

Introduction: In Brazil, the law 13.002/2014 states that all newborns in the country must undergo lingual frenulum assessment before hospital discharge. Objective: To validate the Lingual Frenulum Protocol for Infants. Material and Methods: The study used data from 100 infants [...] Read more.

Introduction: In Brazil, the law 13.002/2014 states that all newborns in the country must undergo lingual frenulum assessment before hospital discharge. Objective: To validate the Lingual Frenulum Protocol for Infants. Material and Methods: The study used data from 100 infants assessed at 30 days of life at Santa Therezinha Hospital, in Brotas, SP, Brazil. The LFPI was administered to the 30-day-old infants and all assessments were registered in patient records and videotaped. Live exams, assessments and re-assessments using images of the infants were performed by two examiners experienced in Orofacial Myofunctional Disorders. The study included healthy full-term infants of both genders, who were being breastfed exclusively. Prematurity, perinatal complications, craniofacial anomalies, neurological disorders, and visible genetics syndromes were the exclusion criteria. The validation process included the analysis of content validity, criterion validity, construct validity, reliability, sensitivity, specificity, positive predictive value, and negative predictive value. Results: Concerning content validity, the percentage of agreement was 100%. The criterion validity was measured by comparing the common items of the LFPI and BTAT. The agreement percentage for the analyzed items was 100%. The construct validity was analyzed by comparing the partial and total scores from the assessment of infants with and without lingual frenulum alteration at 30 and 75 days of life. Results demonstrated similarity of scores between the control group and the group that underwent frenotomy. The results from the inter-rater and intra-rater agreement analysis indicated perfect agreement. The values of sensitivity, specificity, positive predictive value, and negative predictive value were 100%. Conclusions: The study concluded that the LFPI was a valid and reliable assessment too that ensures accuracy when diagnosing lingual frenulum alterations within the investigated parameters. Full article

2 pages, 38 KiB

Open AccessArticle

Editor's Corner: Guest Editor

by Dana Surena-Mattson

Int. J. Orofac. Myol. Myofunct. Ther. 2016, 42(1), 4-5; https://doi.org/10.52010/ijom.2016.42.1.10 - 1 Nov 2016

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I have always considered myself to be an avid research enthusaist [...] Full article

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Int. J. Orofac. Myol. Myofunct. Ther., Volume 42, Issue 1 (November 2016) – 10 articles

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