International Journal of Orofacial Myology and Myofunctional Therapy

9 pages, 99 KiB

Open AccessArticle

Cephalometric Evaluation of the Airway Space and Head Posture in Children with Normal and Atypical Deglutition: Correlations Study

by Almiro José Machado Junior and Agricio N. Crespo

Int. J. Orofac. Myol. Myofunct. Ther. 2013, 39(1), 69-77; https://doi.org/10.52010/ijom.2013.39.1.7 - 1 Nov 2013

Cited by 2 | Viewed by 106

Abstract

Head posture has been related to pharyngeal space, especially in the syndrome of obstructive sleep apnea (OSA) in adults. However no studies were found that evaluated the possible correlation between head posture and pharyngeal airway space measured in children with atypical swallowing. The [...] Read more.

Head posture has been related to pharyngeal space, especially in the syndrome of obstructive sleep apnea (OSA) in adults. However no studies were found that evaluated the possible correlation between head posture and pharyngeal airway space measured in children with atypical swallowing. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the possible correction between head posture and the measurement of pharyngeal space on radiographs of children who were in the period of mixed dentition who demonstrated atypical swallowing and in children with normal deglutition. A retrospective clinical study, using cephalometric analysis of lateral radiographs to obtain measures of the antero-posterior dimension of the pharyngeal airway space (PAS) and the angle formed between the base of the skull and the odontoid process (CC1) between two groups: the 55 radiographs experimental group (with atypical swallowing) and 55 radiographs of the control group (normal swallowing). The Spearman Coefficient of Correlation was used to evaluate the possible relationship between PAS and CC1 was used. Results indicated a positive correlation between measures of CC1 and PAS (r = 0357) only in the control group (normal swallowing). Conclusions: There is positive correlation between head posture and measure pharyngeal airway space (PAS) in the group of normal swallowing. This correlation was not observed in the experimental group (atypical swallowing). Full article

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15 pages, 1498 KiB

Open AccessArticle

Videofluoroscopy of the Oral Phase of Swallowing in Eight to Twelve Years Old Children with Dental Malocclusion

by Patricia Junqueira and Milton Melciades Costa

Int. J. Orofac. Myol. Myofunct. Ther. 2013, 39(1), 54-68; https://doi.org/10.52010/ijom.2013.39.1.6 - 1 Nov 2013

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Abstract

The objective of this study was to describe the oral phase of swallowing in individuals with dental malocclusion and to generate data that would contribute to the rehabilitation of those patients. The study was based on the evaluation of the swallowing system through [...] Read more.

The objective of this study was to describe the oral phase of swallowing in individuals with dental malocclusion and to generate data that would contribute to the rehabilitation of those patients. The study was based on the evaluation of the swallowing system through videofluoroscopy on thirty-four children of both genders, aged eight to twelve years old who present with Angle Class II and III dental malocclusions. Thirteen children of similar age and gender presenting normal dental occlusion formed the control group. The results indicated that the oral phase of swallowing is different between individuals with normal occlusion and malocclusion. Dental occlusion types Angle Class II and III did not present a swallowing pattern, independently of the amount of liquid ingested. The swallowing appeared effective in the oral phase of individuals with dental malocclusion, even though adaptations were identified. The outcome, in the absence of a single pattern and the efficiency of the adapted swallowing demonstrates, first a need for additional research investigating orofacial myofunctional treatment for patients with malocclusion and second how such analyses should focus on contributing positively to the rehabilitation of these patients. Full article

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9 pages, 641 KiB

Open AccessTutorial

Case History: Improved Maxillary Growth and Development Following Digit Sucking Elimination and Orofacial Myofunctional Therapy

by Shari Green

Int. J. Orofac. Myol. Myofunct. Ther. 2013, 39(1), 45-53; https://doi.org/10.52010/ijom.2013.39.1.5 - 1 Nov 2013

Cited by 2 | Viewed by 124

Abstract

Orofacial myologists are frequently called upon to address retained oral habit concerns. During this process, current I.A.O.M. recommended treatment includes addressing tongue, lip, and jaw rest posture concerns. Following digit sucking remediation, we may also be called upon to address these rest posture [...] Read more.

Orofacial myologists are frequently called upon to address retained oral habit concerns. During this process, current I.A.O.M. recommended treatment includes addressing tongue, lip, and jaw rest posture concerns. Following digit sucking remediation, we may also be called upon to address these rest posture issues, and tongue thrust more aggressively together. In this process, facial growth and development and jaw structure may coincidentally improve as a result of ‘nature taking its course’ by addressing both swallow AND rest posture. In a select subset of clients, dramatic improvements may occur if the timing is right. This article discusses one such case that appears to have yielded a significant improvement in oral postures influencing improved facial and oral growth and development. Full article

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14 pages, 381 KiB

Open AccessArticle

Electropalatography as an Adjunct to Nonspeech Orofacial Myofunctional Disorder Assessments: A Feasibility Study

by Alana Mantie-Kozlowski and Kevin Pitt

Int. J. Orofac. Myol. Myofunct. Ther. 2013, 39(1), 31-44; https://doi.org/10.52010/ijom.2013.39.1.4 - 1 Nov 2013

Cited by 3 | Viewed by 76

Abstract

The purpose of this study was to determine if electropalatography (EPG) would be a useful adjunct and feasible option for those conducting clinical assessments of individuals with suspected nonspeech orofacial myofunctional disorders (NSOMD). Three females (two adults, one child) were referred by their [...] Read more.

The purpose of this study was to determine if electropalatography (EPG) would be a useful adjunct and feasible option for those conducting clinical assessments of individuals with suspected nonspeech orofacial myofunctional disorders (NSOMD). Three females (two adults, one child) were referred by their orthodontist for assessment of suspected NSOMD. Three adults and one child without NSOMD were recruited for the purpose of evaluating methodological construct, and to provide comparisons for participants with NSOMD. Using EPG, lingual-palatal timing and contact patterns of 105 saliva swallows (45 with NSOMD, 60 without NSOMD) were analyzed by compartmentalizing the sensor display and tracking the order and duration of activation. Lingual-palatal contact patterns were compared in terms of four stages: prepropulsion, propulsion, postpropulsion, release. Coding the lingual-palatal activation in an operationalized manner was a valuable adjunct for describing lingual-palatal timing and contact patterns. Participants with NSOMD showed unique lingual-palatal contact patterns that differed from the patterns of the participants without NSOMD, and from each other. EPG is a potential adjunct to the non-instrumental assessment of NSOMD. Larger scale investigations using EPG should proceed. Full article

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7 pages, 655 KiB

Open AccessCase Report

Mandibular Angle and Coronoid Process Fracture Secondary to Orofacial Dystonia: Report of a Case

by Sujata Mohanty and Ujjwal Gulati

Int. J. Orofac. Myol. Myofunct. Ther. 2013, 39(1), 24-30; https://doi.org/10.52010/ijom.2013.39.1.3 - 1 Nov 2013

Cited by 1 | Viewed by 91

Abstract

As the angle is a weak region in the continuity of mandible, so it is more prone to fracture. It has been proven time and again that coronoid fracture results from a strong sudden contraction of temporalis. Muscular forces influence the remodeling of [...] Read more.

As the angle is a weak region in the continuity of mandible, so it is more prone to fracture. It has been proven time and again that coronoid fracture results from a strong sudden contraction of temporalis. Muscular forces influence the remodeling of bones. Orofacial dystonia is a centrally mediated disease in which there is an uncontrolled spasmodic contraction of facial and masticatory muscles. This continuous force applied over a long period of time has the potential to unfavorably remodel or weaken bone. A case is presented in which the dystonic action of facial musculature gradually resorbed the bone to such an extent that there was spontaneous fracture at the right angle of mandible as well as the contra lateral coronoid. Management of this fracture posed a challenge at every step eventually leading to resection of the ramus-condyle unit. No case has been reported so far in the literature where dystonic movements have resulted in fracture of the mandible. Full article

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11 pages, 194 KiB

Open AccessArticle

Effects of Body Position and Sex Group on Tongue Pressure Generation

by Angela M. Dietsch, Carmen M. Cirstea, Ed T. Auer, Jr. and Jeff P. Searl

Int. J. Orofac. Myol. Myofunct. Ther. 2013, 39(1), 12-22; https://doi.org/10.52010/ijom.2013.39.1.2 - 1 Nov 2013

Cited by 5 | Viewed by 105

Abstract

Fine control of orofacial musculature is necessary to precisely accelerate and decelerate the articulators across exact distances for functional speech and coordinated swallows (Amerman & Parnell, 1990; Benjamin, 1997; Kent, Duffy, Slama, Kent, & Clift, 2001). Enhanced understanding of neural control for such [...] Read more.

Fine control of orofacial musculature is necessary to precisely accelerate and decelerate the articulators across exact distances for functional speech and coordinated swallows (Amerman & Parnell, 1990; Benjamin, 1997; Kent, Duffy, Slama, Kent, & Clift, 2001). Enhanced understanding of neural control for such movements could clarify the nature of and potential remediation for some dysarthrias and other orofacial myofunctional impairments. Numerous studies have measured orolingual force and accuracy during speech and nonspeech tasks, but have focused on young adults, maximum linguapalatal pressures, and upright positioning (O’Day, Frank, Montgomery, Nichols, & McDade, 2005; Solomon & Munson, 2004; Somodi, Robin, & Luschei, 1995; Youmans, Youmans, & Stierwalt, 2009). Patients’ medical conditions or testing procedures such as concurrent neuroimaging may preclude fully upright positioning during oral motor assessments in some cases. Since judgments about lingual strength and coordination can influence clinical decisions regarding the functionality of swallowing and speech, it is imperative to understand any effects of body positioning differences. In addition, sex differences in the control of such tasks are not well defined. Therefore, this study evaluated whether pressures exerted during tongue movements differ in upright vs. supine body position in healthy middle-aged men and women. Twenty healthy middle-aged adults compressed small air-filled plastic bulbs in the oral cavity at predetermined fractions of task-specific peak pressure in a randomized block design. Tasks including phoneme repetitions and nonspeech isometric contractions were executed in upright and supine positions. Participants received continuous visual feedback regarding targets and actual exerted pressures. Analyses compared average pressure values for each subject, task, position, and effort level. Speech-like and nonspeech tongue pressures did not differ significantly across body position or sex groups. Pressure matching was significantly less accurate at higher percentages of maximum pressure for both tasks. These results provide preliminary comparative data for the clinical assessment of individuals with orofacial myofunctional and neurological disorders. Full article

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8 pages, 125 KiB

Open AccessArticle

Negative Pressure and Muscle Activity During Discrete Sips from High Resistance Straws

by Heather M. Clark and Natalia Shelton

Int. J. Orofac. Myol. Myofunct. Ther. 2013, 39(1), 4-11; https://doi.org/10.52010/ijom.2013.39.1.1 - 1 Nov 2013

Cited by 2 | Viewed by 100

Abstract

The purpose of the current investigation was to explore how intra-oral negative pressure and submental muscle activity vary across sips from straws varying in internal diameter and across conditions of low versus high effort. Healthy adults took discrete sips from four straws varying [...] Read more.

The purpose of the current investigation was to explore how intra-oral negative pressure and submental muscle activity vary across sips from straws varying in internal diameter and across conditions of low versus high effort. Healthy adults took discrete sips from four straws varying in internal diameter. Sips were performed under normal and high effort conditions. Submental surface electromyography (sEMG) and negative intra-oral pressure were recorded during sips. Significant main effects of straw condition were observed for negative intra-oral pressure. A non-significant trend for increased muscle activity associated with smaller straw diameter was also observed. Significant main effects of effort condition were observed for both submental sEMG and negative intra-oral pressure. The findings are interpreted as supporting the clinical hypothesis that high resistance drinking straws varying in diameter may offer systematic overload to the oral musculature. The findings also support encouraging maximum effort to achieve even further overload. Full article

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Int. J. Orofac. Myol. Myofunct. Ther., Volume 39, Issue 1 (November 2013) – 7 articles , Pages 4-77

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