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International Journal of Orofacial Myology and Myofunctional Therapy is published by MDPI from Volume 51 Issue 1 (2025). Previous articles were published by another publisher in Open Access under a CC-BY (or CC-BY-NC-ND) licence, and they are hosted by MDPI on mdpi.com as a courtesy and upon agreement with the previous journal publisher.

Int. J. Orofac. Myol. Myofunct. Ther., Volume 40, Issue 1 (November 2014) – 5 articles , Pages 4-63

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8 pages, 2656 KiB  
Article
Maximum Protrusive Tongue Force in Healthy Young Adults
by Monalise Costa Batista Berbert, Vivian Garro Brito, Renata Maria Moreira Moraes Furlan, Tatiana Vargas de Castro Perilo, Amanda Freitas Valentim, Marcio Falcao Santos Barroso, Estevam Barbosa de Las Casas and Andréa Rodrigues Motta
Int. J. Orofac. Myol. Myofunct. Ther. 2014, 40(1), 56-63; https://doi.org/10.52010/ijom.2014.40.1.5 - 1 Nov 2014
Cited by 4 | Viewed by 160
Abstract
In clinical speech-language pathology practice, tongue force is usually evaluated qualitatively. Perception and practical experience are used to classify this force. The Biomechanical Engineering Group from the Federal University of Minas Gerais developed an instrument to quantify tongue force. The purposes of this [...] Read more.
In clinical speech-language pathology practice, tongue force is usually evaluated qualitatively. Perception and practical experience are used to classify this force. The Biomechanical Engineering Group from the Federal University of Minas Gerais developed an instrument to quantify tongue force. The purposes of this study were to quantify maximum tongue protrusion force in Brazilian subjects with normal tonque strength and to compare force values between gender groups. In total, 105 subjects, 43 men and 62 women, aged from 18 to 29 years, with normal tongue strength according to qualitative evaluation, underwent quantitative evaluation by using the instrument. The mean of the maximum tongue force values of all participants was 17.58 ± 7.95 N. There were significant differences in the median values for maximum tongue forces between the genders, with higher values observed for men. In intersubject comparisons, high variation coefficients were evident due to the variability among individuals. However, the study suggested that the instrument could be an interesting tool for intrasubject comparisons, especially during the follow-up. Full article
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14 pages, 3790 KiB  
Review
The Essential Role of the COM in the Management of Sleep-Disordered Breathing: A Literature Review and Discussion
by Lorraine Frey, Shari Green, Paula Fabbie, Dana Hockenbury, Marge Foran and Kathleen Elder
Int. J. Orofac. Myol. Myofunct. Ther. 2014, 40(1), 42-55; https://doi.org/10.52010/ijom.2014.40.1.4 - 1 Nov 2014
Cited by 4 | Viewed by 160
Abstract
The origins of Orofacial Myofunctional Therapy began in the early 1960's by orthodontists who recognized the importance of functional nasal breathing, proper swallowing, and more ideal oral rest postures. Re-patterning these functions through myofunctional therapy assisted with better orthodontic outcomes and improved stability. [...] Read more.
The origins of Orofacial Myofunctional Therapy began in the early 1960's by orthodontists who recognized the importance of functional nasal breathing, proper swallowing, and more ideal oral rest postures. Re-patterning these functions through myofunctional therapy assisted with better orthodontic outcomes and improved stability. Experts in orofacial myology have concluded that improper oral rest postures and tongue thrusting may be the result of hypertrophy of the lymphatic tissues in the upper airway. Orthodontists are aware of the deleterious effects these habits have on the developing face and dentition. Sleep disordered breathing is a major health concern that affects people from infancy into adulthood. Physicians who treat sleep disorders are now referring patients for orofacial myofunctional therapy. Researchers have concluded that removal of tonsils and adenoids, along with expansion orthodontics, may not fully resolve the upper airway issues that continue to plague patients' health. Sleep researchers report that the presence of mouth breathing, along with hypotonia of the orofacial muscular complex, has been a persistent problem in the treatment of sleep disordered breathing. Orofacial myofunctional disorders (OMDs) coexist in a large population of people with sleep disordered breathing and sleep apnea. Advances in 3D Cone Beam Computed Tomography (CBCT) imaging offer the dental and medical communities the opportunity to identify, assess, and treat patients with abnormal growth patterns. These undesirable changes in oral structures can involve the upper airway, as well as functional breathing, chewing and swallowing. Leading researchers have advocated a multidisciplinary team approach. Sleep physicians, otolaryngologists, dentists, myofunctional therapists, and other healthcare professionals are working together to achieve these goals. The authors have compiled research articles that support incorporating the necessary education on sleep disordered breathing for healthcare professionals seeking education in orofacial myology. Full article
11 pages, 2670 KiB  
Article
The Masticatory System of the Obese: Clinical and Electromyographic Evaluation
by Adriana Bueno de Figueiredo, Alfredo Halpern, Marcio Correia Mancini and Cintia Cercato
Int. J. Orofac. Myol. Myofunct. Ther. 2014, 40(1), 31-41; https://doi.org/10.52010/ijom.2014.40.1.3 - 1 Nov 2014
Cited by 2 | Viewed by 104
Abstract
Masticatory performance is determined not only through the speed of mastication, or by the quantity of food ingested; it also depends on the structures and functional integration of the stomatognathic system (SS). Objectives: this study investigated differences in the SS and orofacial motricity [...] Read more.
Masticatory performance is determined not only through the speed of mastication, or by the quantity of food ingested; it also depends on the structures and functional integration of the stomatognathic system (SS). Objectives: this study investigated differences in the SS and orofacial motricity between obese and normal-weight women. Method: a total of 18 obese women, with an average age of 28 ± 7.3 years and an average body mass index (BMI) of 37.4 ± 5.1 kg/m2, and 18 normal-weight women, with an average age of 26 ± 7.6 years and an average BMI of 20.7 ± 1.8 kg/m2, took part in the study. During the speech therapy evaluation, chewing, the number of chewing strokes, and swallowing were observed. The posture, mobility and tonus of lips and tongue, morphology, mobility and tonus of cheeks were designated as normal or altered. The electrical activity of the anterior temporalls, the masticatory muscle was evaluated for both groups using surface electromyography (EMG), which was expressed in microvolts (μV) and registered as Root Mean Squares. Results: significant differences were found between the two groups in clinical evaluation. In surface EMG, the obese group showed asymmetry of electrical activity of the anterior temporalis. Conclusion: this study suggests that speech therapist investigation of the SS should be combined with interdisciplinary obesity management. Full article
18 pages, 4572 KiB  
Review
A Review of Electrical Stimulation and Its Effect on Lingual, Labial and Buccal Muscle Strength
by Mohammed F. Safi, Wilhelmia Wright-Harp, Jay R. Lucker, Joan C. Payne and Ovetta Harris
Int. J. Orofac. Myol. Myofunct. Ther. 2014, 40(1), 12-29; https://doi.org/10.52010/ijom.2014.40.1.2 - 1 Nov 2014
Cited by 2 | Viewed by 170
Abstract
Background. Lingual, labial and buccal weakness (LLBW) is a widespread consequence of several neurological insults. LLBW impact on oral motor functions such as speech production and swallowing is well documented in the literature. Therefore, it is important for the speech-language pathologists to [...] Read more.
Background. Lingual, labial and buccal weakness (LLBW) is a widespread consequence of several neurological insults. LLBW impact on oral motor functions such as speech production and swallowing is well documented in the literature. Therefore, it is important for the speech-language pathologists to have access to evidence-based approaches for treatment. Thus, it is imperative that the speechlanguage pathology field search for effective treatment approaches and explore new treatment modalities that can improve therapy outcomes. One relatively new modality in this field is neuromuscular electrical stimulation (NMES). Aims. The purpose of this paper is fivefold: (a) to provide an overview of the general effects of NMES on skeletal muscles; (b) to review the effect of NMES on orofacial musculature evaluating the potential appropriateness of NMES for use in strengthening lingual, labial and buccal muscles; (c) to identify future directions for research with consideration of its potential role in improving speech intelligibility and the oral preparatory phase of swallowing in patients with oral motor weakness; (d) to provide a brief anatomic and physiologic bases of LLBW; (e) to provide background information for orofacial myologists who may encounter Individuals with LLBW. Main Contribution. NMES is a modality that Is commonly used In physical therapy and occupational therapy fields that assists in treating several motor and sensory muscular disorders including muscular weakness. The literature reviewed demonstrate that very limited data related to the use of NMES on orofacial muscles exist despite the fact that these muscles can be easily accessed by electrical stimulation from the surface. Conclusions. This review of the research using electrical stimulation of muscles highlights the need for experimental treatment studies that investigate the effect of NMES on orofacial weakness. Full article
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8 pages, 1852 KiB  
Review
Fortieth Anniversary Issue of the International Journal of Orofacial Myology (IJOM): The face of the IAOM
by Christine Stevens Mills
Int. J. Orofac. Myol. Myofunct. Ther. 2014, 40(1), 4-11; https://doi.org/10.52010/ijom.2014.40.1.1 - 1 Nov 2014
Viewed by 84
Abstract
This article presents an historical account of the International Journal of Orofacial Myology from its inception to the present. Highlights from individuals involved and perspectives are included. Full article
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