Augmented Reality (AR) as a Tool for Engaging Museum Experience: A Case Study on Chinese Art Pieces
Abstract
:1. Introduction
2. Background
2.1. Information Visualization and Cultural Heritage
2.2. AR and Cultural Heritage
3. Methods
3.1. Along the River during the Qingming Festival
3.2. Design and Development
3.3. Test
3.4. Questionnaire
- Engagement with the painting;
- Knowledge/ Learning gain from understanding and information discoveries;
- Meaningful Experience from the interaction with the painting;
- Emotional Connection with the context and content of the painting.
3.5. Procedure
4. Results
5. Discussion
5.1. Engagement
5.2. Knowledge and Learning
5.3. Meaningful Experience
5.4. Emotional Connection
6. Conclusions
Author Contributions
Funding
Institutional Review Board Statement
Informed Consent Statement
Data Availability Statement
Acknowledgments
Conflicts of Interest
Appendix A
References
- He, Z.; Wu, L.; Li, X.R. When art meets tech: The role of augmented reality in enhancing museum experiences and purchase intentions. Tour. Manag. 2018, 68, 127–139. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef]
- Neuburger, L.; Egger, R. Augmented reality: Providing a different dimension for museum visitors. In Augmented Reality and Virtual Reality; Springer: New York, NY, USA, 2018; pp. 65–77. [Google Scholar]
- Neuburger, L.; Egger, R. An afternoon at the museum: Through the lens of augmented reality. In Information and Communication Technologies in Tourism 2017; Springer: New York, NY, USA, 2017; pp. 241–254. [Google Scholar]
- Black, G. The Engaging Museum: Developing Museums for Visitor Involvement; Psychology Press: Hove, UK, 2005. [Google Scholar]
- Hinrichs, U.; Schmidt, H.; Carpendale, S. EMDialog: Bringing Information Visualization into the Museum. IEEE Trans. Vis. Comput. Graph. 2008, 14, 1181–1188. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef] [PubMed]
- Hornecker, E.; Stifter, M. Learning from interactive museum installations about interaction design for public settings. In Proceedings of the 18th Australia conference on Computer-Human Interaction: Design: Activities, Artefacts and Environments, Sydney, Australia, 20–24 November 2006; pp. 135–142. [Google Scholar]
- Liu, W.C. Visitor study and operational development of museums. Museol. Q. 2008, 22, 21–37. [Google Scholar]
- Horn, M.S.; Phillips, B.C.; Evans, E.M.; Block, F.; Diamond, J.; Shen, C. Visualizing biological data in museums: Visitor learning with an interactive tree of life exhibit. J. Res. Sci. Teach. 2016, 53, 895–918. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef] [Green Version]
- Chen, C. Information visualization. Wiley Interdiscip. Rev. Comput. Stat. 2010, 2, 387–403. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef]
- Ward, M.O.; Grinstein, G.; Keim, D. Interactive Data Visualization: Foundations, Techniques, and Applications; AK Peters: Natick, MA, USA; CRC Press: Boca Raton, FL, USA, 2015. [Google Scholar]
- Hearst, M. Search User Interfaces; Cambridge University Press: Cambridge, UK, 2009. [Google Scholar]
- Card, M. Readings in Information Visualization: Using Vision to Think; Morgan Kaufmann: Burlington, MA, USA, 1999. [Google Scholar]
- Heer, J.; Bostock, M.; Ogievetsky, V.J.C. A tour through the visualization zoo. ACMQueue 2010, 53, 59–67. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef]
- Xia, G.; Yu, L.; Gong, Z.; Zhang, Y.; Zhang, S.; Zhu, Z.; Li, H.; Tang, Y.; Huang, Y.; Tian, Z. Designing with biodiversity data: Connections among design, materials, and technology. Int. J. Inf. Technol. 2021, 13, 1703–1710. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef]
- Tomiuc, A. Navigating Culture. Enhancing Visitor Museum Experience through Mobile Technologies. From Smartphone to Google Glass. J. Media Res. 2014, 7, 33–46. [Google Scholar]
- Lin, H.-C.K.; Hsieh, M.-C.; Liu, E.Z.-F.; Chuang, T.-Y. Interacting with Visual Poems through AR-Based Digital Artwork. Turk. Online J. Educ. Technol. 2012, 11, 123–137. [Google Scholar]
- Azuma, R.T. A survey of augmented reality. Presence: Teleoperators Virtual Environ. 1997, 6, 355–385. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef]
- Rosenbaum, E.; Klopfer, E.; Perry, J. On location learning: Authentic applied science with networked augmented realities. J. Sci. Educ. Technol. 2007, 16, 31–45. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef]
- Sotiriou, S.; Bogner, F. Visualizing the Invisible: Augmented Reality as an Innovative Science Education Scheme. Adv. Sci. Lett. 2008, 1, 114–122. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef]
- Dunleavy, M.; Dede, C.; Mitchell, R. Affordances and limitations of immersive participatory augmented reality simulations for teaching and learning. J. Sci. Educ. Technol. 2009, 18, 7–22. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef]
- Shelton, B.E.; Hedley, N.R. Using augmented reality for teaching earth-sun relationships to undergraduate geography students. In Proceedings of the The First IEEE International Workshop Agumented Reality Toolkit, Darmstradt, Germany, 29 September 2002; p. 8. [Google Scholar]
- Dunleavy, M.; Dede, C. Augmented reality teaching and learning. In Handbook of Research on Educational Communications and Technology; Springer: New York, NY, USA, 2014; pp. 735–745. [Google Scholar]
- Kotranza, A.; Lind, D.S.; Pugh, C.M.; Lok, B. Real-time in-situ visual feedback of task performance in mixed environments for learning joint psychomotor-cognitive tasks. In Proceedings of the 2009 8th IEEE International Symposium on Mixed and Augmented Reality, Orlando, FL, USA, 19–22 October 2009; pp. 125–134. [Google Scholar]
- Bujak, K.R.; Radu, I.; Catrambone, R.; MacIntyre, B.; Zheng, R.; Golubski, G. A psychological perspective on augmented reality in the mathematics classroom. Comput. Educ. 2013, 68, 536–544. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef]
- Chien, C.-H.; Chen, C.-H.; Jeng, T.-S. An interactive augmented reality system for learning anatomy structure. In Proceedings of the proceedings of the international multiconference of engineers and computer scientists, Hong Kong, China, 17–19 March 2010; pp. 17–19. [Google Scholar]
- Arvanitis, T.N.; Petrou, A.; Knight, J.F.; Savas, S.; Sotiriou, S.; Gargalakos, M.; Gialouri, E. Human factors and qualitative pedagogical evaluation of a mobile augmented reality system for science education used by learners with physical disabilities. Pers. Ubiquitous Comput. 2009, 13, 243–250. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef]
- Chang, K.-E.; Chang, C.-T.; Hou, H.-T.; Sung, Y.-T.; Chao, H.-L.; Lee, C.-M. Development and behavioral pattern analysis of a mobile guide system with augmented reality for painting appreciation instruction in an art museum. Comput. Educ. 2014, 71, 185–197. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef]
- El Sayed, N.A. Applying Augmented Reality Techniques in the Field of Education: ARSC Augmented Reality Student Card an Augmented Reality Solution for The Education Field. Available online: https://dl.acm.org/doi/abs/10.5555/2161849 (accessed on 6 December 2021).
- Gimeno, J.; Portalés, C.; Coma, I.; Fernández, M.; Martínez, B. Combining traditional and indirect augmented reality for indoor crowded environments. A case study on the Casa Batlló museum. Comput. Graph. 2017, 69, 92–103. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef]
- Guazzaroni, G.; Pillai, A.S. Virtual and Augmented Reality in Education, Art, and Museums; IGI Global: Harshey, PA, USA, 2019. [Google Scholar]
- Portalés, C.; Lerma, J.L.; Pérez, C. Photogrammetry and augmented reality for cultural heritage applications. Photogramm. Rec. 2009, 24, 316–331. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef]
- White, M.; Mourkoussis, N.; Darcy, J.; Petridis, P.; Liarokapis, F.; Lister, P.; Walczak, K.; Wojciechowski, R.; Cellary, W.; Chmielewski, J. ARCO-an architecture for digitization, management and presentation of virtual exhibitions. In Proceedings of the Computer Graphics International, Crete, Greece, 14–18 March 2004; pp. 622–625. [Google Scholar]
- Kenteris, M.; Gavalas, D.; Economou, D. Electronic mobile guides: A survey. Pers. Ubiquitous Comput. 2011, 15, 97–111. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef]
- Panou, C.; Ragia, L.; Dimelli, D.; Mania, K. An architecture for mobile outdoors augmented reality for cultural heritage. ISPRS Int. J. Geo-Inf. 2018, 7, 463. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef] [Green Version]
- Othman, M.K. Measuring Visitors’ Experiences with Mobile Guide Technology in Cultural Spaces. Ph.D. Thesis, University of York, York, UK, 2012. [Google Scholar]
- Jung, K.; Nguyen, V.T.; Piscarac, D.; Yoo, S.-C. Meet the virtual Jeju Dol Harubang—The mixed VR/AR application for cultural immersion in Korea’s main heritage. ISPRS Int. J. Geo-Inf. 2020, 9, 367. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef]
- Venigalla, A.S.M.; Chimalakonda, S. Towards enhancing user experience through a web-based augmented reality museum. In Proceedings of the 2019 IEEE 19th International Conference on Advanced Learning Technologies (ICALT), Maceio, Brazil, 15–18 July 2019; pp. 357–358. [Google Scholar]
- Pan, Z.; Jiang, R.; Liu, G.; Shen, C. Animating and interacting with ancient Chinese painting-Qingming festival by the riverside. In Proceedings of the 2011 Second International Conference on Culture and Computing, Kyoto, Japan, 20–22 October 2011; pp. 3–6. [Google Scholar]
- Antoniou, A.; Katifori, A.; Roussou, M.; Vayanou, M.; Karvounis, M.; Kyriakidi, M.; Pujol-Tost, L. Capturing the visitor profile for a personalized mobile museum experience: An indirect approach. In Enlighten; University of Glasgow: Glasgow, UK, 2016. [Google Scholar]
- Yusoff, Z.; Dahlan, H.M. Mobile based learning: An integrated framework to support learning engagement through Augmented Reality environment. In Proceedings of the 2013 International Conference on Research and Innovation in Information Systems (ICRIIS), Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia, 27–28 November 2013; pp. 251–256. [Google Scholar]
- Wojciechowski, R.; Walczak, K.; White, M.; Cellary, W. Building virtual and augmented reality museum exhibitions. In Proceedings of the Ninth International Conference on 3D Web Technology, New York, NY, USA, 5 April 2004; Assocoation for Computing Machinery: New York, NY, USA, 2004; pp. 135–144. [Google Scholar]
- Pérez-López, D.; Contero, M.J. Delivering educational multimedia contents through an augmented reality application: A case study on its impact on knowledge acquisition and retention. Turk. Online J. Educ. Technol. 2013, 12, 19–28. [Google Scholar]
- Falk, J.H.; Dierking, L.D. The Museum Experience Revisited; Routledge: Milton Park, UK, 2016. [Google Scholar]
- Clark, M.S.; Fiske, S.T. Affect and Cognition: 17th Annual Carnegie Mellon Symposium on Cognition; Psychology Press: Hove, UK, 1982. [Google Scholar]
- Isen, A.M. Toward understanding the role of affect in cognition. In Handbook of Social Cognition; Lawrence Erlbaum Associates Publishers: Mahwah, NJ, USA, 1984. [Google Scholar]
Engagement | Knowledge/Learning |
I enjoyed visiting the exhibition in relation to the painting. | The information provided about the information exhibits was clear. |
I felt engaged with the painting. | I could make sense of most of the things I saw and did at the exhibition. |
My visit to the painting exhibition was very interesting. | I liked the graphics associated with the exhibition. |
I felt I was experiencing the painting exhibition, rather than just visiting it. | My visit enriched my knowledge and understanding of specific elements regarding the details of the painting. |
My visit to the exhibition was inspiring. | I discovered new information in relation to Along the reviver during Qingming Festival from the exhibits. |
Meaningful Experience | Emotional Connection |
During my visit, I was able to reflect on the significance of the AR in the educational experience design. | The exhibition enabled me to evoke my emotions and memories, which may lead me to places that I might be unconsciously interested in. |
During my visit, I put a lot of effort into thinking about the single elements of the work including the ship, building and etc. | My sense of being in the painting was stronger than just look at the painting. |
Seeing the AR prototype gave me a sense of wonder about the exhibition. | I was overwhelmed with the aesthetic/beauty aspect of the painting. |
After visiting the exhibition, I was still interested to know more about the topic of the painting. | I wanted to own exhibits like those that I saw in the exhibition. |
Seeing real data exhibits of importance was the most satisfying aspect of my visit to the exhibition. | I felt connected with the painting. |
Mean | Std. Deviation | Std. Error Mean | t | Df | Sig. | |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Engagement: Non-AR vs. AR | −2.031 | 1.092 | 0.193 | −10.522 | 31 | 0.000 |
Learning: Non-AR vs. AR | −1.563 | 1.076 | 0.190 | −8.216 | 31 | 0.000 |
Meaningful: Non-AR vs. AR | −2.375 | 1.100 | 0.194 | −12.215 | 31 | 0.000 |
Emotional connection: Non-AR vs. AR | −2.156 | 0.920 | 0.163 | −13.263 | 31 | 0.000 |
Publisher’s Note: MDPI stays neutral with regard to jurisdictional claims in published maps and institutional affiliations. |
© 2022 by the authors. Licensee MDPI, Basel, Switzerland. This article is an open access article distributed under the terms and conditions of the Creative Commons Attribution (CC BY) license (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/).
Share and Cite
Gong, Z.; Wang, R.; Xia, G. Augmented Reality (AR) as a Tool for Engaging Museum Experience: A Case Study on Chinese Art Pieces. Digital 2022, 2, 33-45. https://doi.org/10.3390/digital2010002
Gong Z, Wang R, Xia G. Augmented Reality (AR) as a Tool for Engaging Museum Experience: A Case Study on Chinese Art Pieces. Digital. 2022; 2(1):33-45. https://doi.org/10.3390/digital2010002
Chicago/Turabian StyleGong, Zhe, Ruizhi Wang, and Guobin Xia. 2022. "Augmented Reality (AR) as a Tool for Engaging Museum Experience: A Case Study on Chinese Art Pieces" Digital 2, no. 1: 33-45. https://doi.org/10.3390/digital2010002