Reef Fish Associations with Natural and Artificial Structures in the Florida Keys
Abstract
:1. Introduction
2. Materials and Methods
2.1. Site Selection and Substrate Survey
2.2. Video Transect Surveys as an Assessment of Reef Fish Abundance
2.3. Natural and Artificial Structures
2.4. Reef Fish Observations on Individual Structures
2.5. Statistical Analyses
3. Results
4. Discussion
Supplementary Materials
Author Contributions
Funding
Institutional Review Board Statement
Informed Consent Statement
Data Availability Statement
Acknowledgments
Conflicts of Interest
References
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Measures | PC 1 Topo | PC 2 Algal Cover | PC 3 Coral Cover |
---|---|---|---|
Rugosity | −0.8573 | −0.0397 | −0.1667 |
Distance to shore | 0.9207 | 0.1501 | 0.0139 |
Depth | 0.7603 | 0.2546 | 0.0807 |
% Sand | 0.2249 | 0.8930 | −0.1249 |
% Fleshy algae | 0.7219 | −0.5776 | −0.0785 |
% Calcareous | −0.2716 | 0.7073 | −0.0971 |
% Turf algae | −0.0191 | −0.8884 | 0.2747 |
% Hard coral | −0.4116 | 0.2856 | 0.3895 |
% Soft coral | −0.3962 | −0.3304 | −0.7455 |
% Sponge | −0.6138 | −0.0196 | 0.4706 |
Variable | Source | Df | F Ratio | p | adj r2 |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
All Fish | All Fish # | 1 | 5.620 | 0.0189 | 0.122 |
Topography (PC1) | 1 | 7.182 | 0.0058 | ||
Algae (PC2) | 1 | 0.163 | 0.6867 | ||
Coral (PC3) | 1 | 1.071 | 0.3021 | ||
Structure Type | 1 | 6.495 | 0.0117 | ||
Structure State | 6 | 10.24 | 0.0015 | ||
Herbivores | Herbivore # | 1 | 8.412 | 0.0042 | 0.1844 |
Topography (PC1) | 1 | 17.25 | 0.0001 | ||
Algae (PC2) | 1 | 1.536 | 0.2169 | ||
Coral (PC3) | 1 | 0.909 | 0.3417 | ||
Structure Type | 1 | 1.733 | 0.1898 | ||
Structure State | 6 | 2.523 | 0.0232 | ||
Omnivores | Omnivore # | 1 | 0.964 | 0.3275 | 0.1909 |
Topography (PC1) | 1 | 28.691 | 0.0001 | ||
Algae (PC2) | 1 | 0.020 | 0.8876 | ||
Coral (PC3) | 1 | 0.470 | 0.4938 | ||
Structure Type | 1 | 5.627 | 0.0189 | ||
Structure State | 6 | 0.463 | 0.8344 | ||
Invertivores | Invertivore # | 1 | 8.169 | 0.0050 | 0.3227 |
Topography (PC1) | 1 | 11.78 | 0.0008 | ||
Algae (PC2) | 1 | 0.224 | 0.6381 | ||
Coral (PC3) | 1 | 0.627 | 0.4300 | ||
Structure Type | 1 | 6.573 | 0.0116 | ||
Structure State | 6 | 0.968 | 0.4499 | ||
Predators | Predator # | 1 | 5.882 | 0.0170 | 0.1106 |
Topography (PC1) | 1 | 1.231 | 0.2697 | ||
Algae (PC2) | 1 | 0.957 | 0.3300 | ||
Coral (PC3) | 1 | 0.255 | 0.6143 | ||
Structure Type | 1 | 0.208 | 0.6491 | ||
Structure State | 6 | 0.743 | 0.6163 |
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Noonan, K.; Fair, T.; Matthee, K.; Sox, K.; Smith, K.; Childress, M. Reef Fish Associations with Natural and Artificial Structures in the Florida Keys. Oceans 2021, 2, 634-647. https://doi.org/10.3390/oceans2030036
Noonan K, Fair T, Matthee K, Sox K, Smith K, Childress M. Reef Fish Associations with Natural and Artificial Structures in the Florida Keys. Oceans. 2021; 2(3):634-647. https://doi.org/10.3390/oceans2030036
Chicago/Turabian StyleNoonan, Kara, Thomas Fair, Kristiaan Matthee, Kelsey Sox, Kylie Smith, and Michael Childress. 2021. "Reef Fish Associations with Natural and Artificial Structures in the Florida Keys" Oceans 2, no. 3: 634-647. https://doi.org/10.3390/oceans2030036