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Clin. Transl. Neurosci., Volume 9, Issue 3 (September 2025) – 3 articles

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8 pages, 3125 KiB  
Case Report
Delayed Diagnosis of a Low-Flow Temporal Arteriovenous Malformation in a Child Presenting with Recurrent Intracerebral Hemorrhage
by Merih C. Yilmaz and Keramettin Aydin
Clin. Transl. Neurosci. 2025, 9(3), 31; https://doi.org/10.3390/ctn9030031 - 10 Jul 2025
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Abstract
Background: Arteriovenous malformations (AVMs) are rare vascular anomalies that can cause intracerebral hemorrhage, particularly in pediatric patients. Low-flow AVMs may not be visualized on initial non-invasive imaging modalities such as MR angiography. Methods: We report a 6-year-old boy who presented with intracerebral hemorrhage [...] Read more.
Background: Arteriovenous malformations (AVMs) are rare vascular anomalies that can cause intracerebral hemorrhage, particularly in pediatric patients. Low-flow AVMs may not be visualized on initial non-invasive imaging modalities such as MR angiography. Methods: We report a 6-year-old boy who presented with intracerebral hemorrhage and initially had no detectable vascular anomaly on MR angiography and MR venography. Two years later, he was re-admitted with a recurrent hemorrhage. Repeating MR angiography again failed to reveal any vascular pathology. Results: Digital subtraction angiography (DSA) performed later identified a grade 3 low-flow AVM in the left posterior temporal region. The patient underwent successful endovascular treatment with no subsequent neurological deficits. Conclusions: This case underscores the limitations of MR angiography in detecting low-flow AVMs and highlights the essential role of DSA in the definitive diagnosis and management of unexplained intracerebral hemorrhages in pediatric patients. Full article
(This article belongs to the Section Endovascular Neurointervention)
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5 pages, 164 KiB  
Brief Report
Folinic Acid Supplementation During Pregnancy in Two Women with Folate Receptor Alpha Autoantibodies: Potential Prevention of Autism Spectrum Disorder in Offspring
by Claudio Giorlandino, Katia Margiotti, Marco Fabiani and Alvaro Mesoraca
Clin. Transl. Neurosci. 2025, 9(3), 30; https://doi.org/10.3390/ctn9030030 - 2 Jul 2025
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Abstract
This report presents two cases of pregnant women positive for folate receptor alpha (FRα) autoantibodies who received folinic acid supplementation. Both had previously given birth to children diagnosed with autism spectrum disorder (ASD). In subsequent pregnancies, folinic acid was administered preconceptionally and continually [...] Read more.
This report presents two cases of pregnant women positive for folate receptor alpha (FRα) autoantibodies who received folinic acid supplementation. Both had previously given birth to children diagnosed with autism spectrum disorder (ASD). In subsequent pregnancies, folinic acid was administered preconceptionally and continually throughout gestation. The resulting offspring, monitored up to three years of age, exhibited typical neurodevelopment with no signs of ASD. These cases suggest that folinic acid supplementation during pregnancy may mitigate the risk of ASD in children born to mothers with FRα autoantibodies. Full article
45 pages, 1492 KiB  
Systematic Review
Clinical and Experiential Outcomes of Photobiomodulation Therapy as a Treatment for Fibromyalgia: A Scoping Review in Response to NICE Recommendations
by Bethany C. Fitzmaurice, James Carroll, Asius T. A. Rayen, Nicola R. Heneghan and Andrew A. Soundy
Clin. Transl. Neurosci. 2025, 9(3), 29; https://doi.org/10.3390/ctn9030029 - 20 Jun 2025
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Abstract
(1) Background: There has been a recent growth in evidence regarding the use, value and impact of photobiomodulation therapy for individuals with fibromyalgia. However, the nature of the evidence has, to the best of the authors’ knowledge, not been presented within a [...] Read more.
(1) Background: There has been a recent growth in evidence regarding the use, value and impact of photobiomodulation therapy for individuals with fibromyalgia. However, the nature of the evidence has, to the best of the authors’ knowledge, not been presented within a scoping review. The objective of this work is to reveal the nature of the evidence, gaps in the evidence, and a map of the evidence considering photobiomodulation therapy against established policy guidelines; (2) Methods: A scoping review was undertaken considering all academic research that has examined the experiences and impact of photobiomodulation therapy on individuals with fibromyalgia; (3) Results: Our results highlight that, indeed, there is plentiful data available to address a high proportion of the concerns portrayed by the National Institute for Healthcare and Excellence. Outcome measures are wide-ranging, albeit demonstrating heterogeneity, and the results are extremely promising; (4) Conclusion: Based on the current evidence, the United Kingdom’s ‘standard of care’ for fibromyalgia needs to be ascertained, and stringent cost-effectiveness data needs to be collected and presented to governing bodies with the aim of integrating recommendations into future healthcare guidelines. Full article
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