Oral Manifestations of Psoriasis: A Systematic Review †
by
, , ,
Gioele Gioco
1,*
,
Romeo Patini
1
,
Giuseppe Troiano
2,
Alessia Di Petrillo
1,
Patrizia Gallenzi
1,
Luisa Limongelli
3 and
Carlo Lajolo
1 1
Fondazione Policlinico Universitario A. Gemelli IRCSS, Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, Head and Neck Department, Largo A. Gemelli, 8, 00168 Rome, Italy
2
Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Foggia, Via Rovelli 50, 71122 Foggia, Italy
3
Department of Interdisciplinary Medicine, Complex Operating Unit of Odontostomatology, Aldo Moro University, Piazza Giulio Cesare 11, 70124 Bari, Italy
*
Author to whom correspondence should be addressed.
†
Presented at the XV National and III International Congress of the Italian Society of Oral Pathology and Medicine (SIPMO), Bari, Italy, 17–19 October 2019.
Proceedings 2019, 35(1), 25; https://doi.org/10.3390/proceedings2019035025
Published: 11 December 2019
(This article belongs to the Proceedings of The XV National and III International Congress of the Italian Society of Oral Pathology and Medicine)
1. Introduction
Psoriasis is a systemic, immune-mediated, inflammatory skin disease of unknown aetiology [1]. It affects 2–4% of the population in western countries and it is characterized by circumscribed, circular, red papules or plaques with a grey or silvery-white, dry scale.
Although many studies reported possible association between psoriasis and several oral conditions [2], some questions still remain unsolved.
The aim of this review was to analyze all the existing literature on oral manifestations in psoriatic patients and to determine their prevalence compared with healthy subjects.
2. Methods
PubMed, Scopus, and Web of Science were used as search engines. Only observational, full-length, English language studies were investigated. PRISMA checklist was used as guideline for this review. PROSPERO registration code is CRD42019127178.
3. Results
Among 3580 records screened, only 40 were included in this review. Meta-analysis was performed on the included case-control studies and mean prevalence and pooled odds ratio were calculated.
Among the included studies, the mean prevalence of geographic tongue was 11.80% in case group vs. 6.59% in control group (OR= 2.81, 95% CI 2.2–3.6); the mean prevalence of fissured tongue was 29.96% in case group vs. 13.90% in control group (OR = 2.93, 95% CI 2.5–3.5); the mean prevalence of periodontitis was 26.29% in case group vs. 11.48% in control group (OR = 3.5, 95% CI 2.49–4.23); the mean prevalence of candidiasis was 6.67% in case group vs 1.04% in control group (OR = 3.17, 95% CI 1.8–5.7); the mean prevalence of Candida spp. was 45.81% in case group vs. 20.53% in control group (OR = 3.79, 95% CI 2.3–6.4); the mean prevalence of TMD was 40.67% in case group vs. 16.96% in control group (OR = 2.94, 95% CI 1.1–7.9).
Due to dis-homogeneity across studies no quantitative analysis was performed on salivary biochemical composition. Nevertheless, psoriatic patients presented a lower mean concentration of salivary IgA, lysozyme and cortisol than controls, whereas IL-1β was higher.
4. Discussion
This systematic review revealed that geographic tongue, fissured tongue, periodontitis, candidiasis and TMD are more frequent in psoriatic patients than general population. Moreover, psoriatic patients showed biochemical alterations in the saliva composition compared to healthy subjects. Future research should be conducted to rule out the mechanism underlying these associations and to investigate the behavior of oral manifestation in psoriatic patients in relation to their severity and treatment response.
Conflicts of Interest
The authors declare no conflict of interest.
References
- Yesudian, P.D.; Chalmers, R.J.; Warren, R.B.; Griffiths, C.E. In search of oral psoriasis. Arch. Dermatol. Res. 2012, 304, 1–5. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef] [PubMed]
- Zhu, J.F.; Kaminski, M.J.; Pulitzer, D.R.; Hu, J.; Thomas, H.F. Psoriasis: Pathophysiology and oral manifestations. Oral Dis. 1996, 2, 135–144. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef] [PubMed]
© 2019 by the authors. Licensee MDPI, Basel, Switzerland. This article is an open access article distributed under the terms and conditions of the Creative Commons Attribution (CC BY) license (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/).
Share and Cite
MDPI and ACS Style
Gioco, G.; Patini, R.; Troiano, G.; Petrillo, A.D.; Gallenzi, P.; Limongelli, L.; Lajolo, C. Oral Manifestations of Psoriasis: A Systematic Review. Proceedings 2019, 35, 25. https://doi.org/10.3390/proceedings2019035025
AMA Style
Gioco G, Patini R, Troiano G, Petrillo AD, Gallenzi P, Limongelli L, Lajolo C. Oral Manifestations of Psoriasis: A Systematic Review. Proceedings. 2019; 35(1):25. https://doi.org/10.3390/proceedings2019035025
Chicago/Turabian StyleGioco, Gioele, Romeo Patini, Giuseppe Troiano, Alessia Di Petrillo, Patrizia Gallenzi, Luisa Limongelli, and Carlo Lajolo. 2019. "Oral Manifestations of Psoriasis: A Systematic Review" Proceedings 35, no. 1: 25. https://doi.org/10.3390/proceedings2019035025
