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Abstract

Impact οf Pavement Distribution οn Hillslope Runoff ιn Peri-Urban Landscapes, Based οn Laboratorial Experiments †

1
Research Center of Natural Resources, Environment and Society (CERNAS), Polytechnic Institute of Coimbra, Coimbra School of Agriculture, 3045-093 Coimbra, Portugal
2
Marine and Environmental Sciences Centre (MARE), Department of Civil Engineering, Faculty of Science and Technology, University of Coimbra, 3004-531 Coimbra, Portugal
3
Marine and Environmental Sciences Centre (MARE), Department of Civil Engineering, Institute of Engineering, University of Algarve, 8005-139 Faro, Portugal
4
Geoprocessing and Territorial Planning Department, Geosciences and Mathematics Institute, UNESP - Universidade Estadual Paulista, 215 Rio Claro, SP, Brazil
*
Author to whom correspondence should be addressed.
Presented at TERRAenVISION 2019, Barcelona, 2–7 September, 2019.
Proceedings 2019, 30(1), 10; https://doi.org/10.3390/proceedings2019030010
Published: 7 November 2019
(This article belongs to the Proceedings of TERRAenVISION 2019)

Abstract

:
It is widely accepted that urbanization modifies the hydrological processes, increasing runoff and flood hazard. However, after decades of research, the magnitude of the impacts is not well understood. This is partially due to spatial-temporal differences in rainfall-runoff processes over complex landscapes comprising different land-uses, typical of peri-urban areas. This study aims to investigate the impact of different spatial patterns of pavement on surface runoff, under distinct weather conditions (dry vs wet). Inspired on urban cores observed in peri-urban catchments, 7 spatial patterns were investigated: 100% pavement, 100% pervious, and 60% pavement (and 40% pervious) under continuous placement located upslope or downslope, and under dispersed patterns with regular, irregular and linear distribution. Concrete blocks were used as pavement material, whereas pervious surfaces were simulated using either bare soil, 1.5 kg·m−3 with sandy-loam texture, or commercial natural grass carpets. The 13 configurations of pavement and pervious materials, pavement-soil and pavement-grass were simulated in the laboratory, in a 1.0 × 1.0 m2 flume, with 0.05 m soil depth and 9° slope. Three rainfall simulation experiments were performed for each spatial configuration. Each experiment comprises a set of four sequential storms with 50 mm·h−1 over 20-min, interrupted by 30-min intervals, to simulate dry and increasingly wet antecedent settings. Results show that runoff is driven by both spatial pattern and soil moisture. Runoff coefficients ranged from 70–81% in fully paved surfaces to 1.4–40% in bare soil and 0.2–3.8% in grass, exhibiting increasing values from dry to wet antecedent moisture conditions, especially in bare soil. Under dry conditions, continuous pavement generates more runoff if placed downslope than upslope (28% vs 5% with grass and 37% vs 33% with bare soil). Under wet settings, however, continuous pavement generated (i) higher runoff if associated with downslope than upslope bare soil (63% vs 52%), due to saturation-excess favored by cumulative rainfall and upslope runoff; and (ii) lower runoff if associated with downslope than upslope grass surface (33% vs 24%). When considering dispersed pavement, runoff increased from dry to wet conditions, ranging from 32% to 62% and 1.3% to 23% when distributed with soil and grass covers, respectively. Adequate urban planning based on spatial patterns that maximize runoff sinks over the landscape should be considered to enhance urban flood resilience. Grass (as other covers) has higher capacity to retain and infiltrate rainfall and runoff than bare soil, and may represent a nature-based solution to mitigate flood hazard in peri-urban areas.

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MDPI and ACS Style

Ferreira, C.; Gerardo, R.; Isidoro, J.; Moruzzi, R.; Ferreira, A.; Lima, J.d. Impact οf Pavement Distribution οn Hillslope Runoff ιn Peri-Urban Landscapes, Based οn Laboratorial Experiments. Proceedings 2019, 30, 10. https://doi.org/10.3390/proceedings2019030010

AMA Style

Ferreira C, Gerardo R, Isidoro J, Moruzzi R, Ferreira A, Lima Jd. Impact οf Pavement Distribution οn Hillslope Runoff ιn Peri-Urban Landscapes, Based οn Laboratorial Experiments. Proceedings. 2019; 30(1):10. https://doi.org/10.3390/proceedings2019030010

Chicago/Turabian Style

Ferreira, Carla, Romeu Gerardo, Jorge Isidoro, Rodrigo Moruzzi, António Ferreira, and João de Lima. 2019. "Impact οf Pavement Distribution οn Hillslope Runoff ιn Peri-Urban Landscapes, Based οn Laboratorial Experiments" Proceedings 30, no. 1: 10. https://doi.org/10.3390/proceedings2019030010

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