- Article
Controlled Openness: How Architectural Agency Remade Public Space and Civic Life in Riyadh’s Oil-Boom Era (1980s–1990s)
- Naif Alghamdi and
- Mohammed Mashary Alnaim
This study investigates how architectural buildings integrating open-space architectural forms that enabled new modes of public space contributed to reshaping civic life in Riyadh between the 1980s and early 1990s. While previous scholarship has larg...

