Health and Lifestyle, Safety, Relationship and Personality Factors Influence Gender, Sex and Sexuality Issues among Youth—A Case Record Analysis from Youth Mental Health Promotion Clinics in Karnataka, India
Abstract
:1. Introduction
2. Materials and Methods
Statistical Analysis
3. Results
Variables | Gender, Sex & Sexuality Issues | Total | Crude Odds Ratio | |||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Present (189) | Absent (10,151) | N = 10,340 | OR [95% CI] | p-Value | ||||
Age in Completed Years | n | % | n | % | N | % | ||
15–20 | 83 | 43.9 | 6244 | 61.5 | 6327 | 61.2 | Reference | |
21–25 | 54 | 28.6 | 2252 | 22.2 | 2306 | 22.3 | 1.80 [1.27–2.54] | <0.001 |
26–30 | 35 | 18.5 | 1088 | 10.7 | 1123 | 10.9 | 2.42 [1.62–3.61] | <0.001 |
31–35 | 17 | 9.0 | 567 | 5.6 | 584 | 5.6 | 2.25 [1.32–3.82] | 0.003 |
Gender | ||||||||
Female | 61 | 32.3 | 4518 | 44.5 | 4579 | 44.3 | Reference | |
Male | 128 | 67.7 | 5633 | 55.5 | 5761 | 55.7 | 1.68 [1.23–2.28] | <0.001 |
Locality | ||||||||
Urban | 54 | 28.6 | 3308 | 32.6 | 3362 | 32.5 | Reference | |
Rural | 135 | 71.4 | 6843 | 67.4 | 6978 | 67.5 | 1.20 [0.87–1.66] | 0.243 |
Years of schooling | ||||||||
<7 years | 22 | 11.6 | 747 | 7.4 | 769 | 7.4 | Reference | |
8–10 years | 31 | 16.4 | 1669 | 16.4 | 1700 | 16.4 | 0.63 [0.36–1.09] | 0.102 |
>10 years | 136 | 72.0 | 7735 | 76.2 | 7871 | 76.1 | 0.59 [0.37–0.94] | 0.027 |
Occupation | ||||||||
Students | 109 | 57.7 | 7237 | 71.3 | 7346 | 71.0 | Reference | |
O Others | 80 | 42.3 | 2914 | 28.7 | 2994 | 29.0 | 1.82 [1.36–2.44] | <0.001 |
Marital Status | ||||||||
Never married | 137 | 72.5 | 9194 | 90.6 | 9331 | 90.2 | Reference | |
Ever married | 52 | 27.5 | 957 | 9.4 | 1009 | 9.8 | 3.64 [2.63–5.05] | <0.001 |
Total | 189 | 1.8 | 10,151 | 98.2 | 10,340 | 100 |
Variables | Gender Sex & Sexuality Issues | Total | Odds Ratio | |||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Yes (189) | No (10,151) | N = 10,340 | OR [95% CI] * | p-Value | ||||
n | % | N | % | n | % | |||
Issues Reported | ||||||||
Health and lifestyle issues | 150 | 79.4 | 2465 | 24.3 | 2615 | 25.3 | 11.99 [8.40–17.10] | <0.001 |
Personality issues | 150 | 79.4 | 2507 | 24.7 | 2657 | 25.7 | 18.05 [13.07–24.93] | <0.001 |
Education and academic issues | 153 | 81.0 | 8048 | 79.3 | 8201 | 79.3 | 11.72 [8.22–16.72] | 0.575 |
Safety issues | 108 | 57.1 | 765 | 7.5 | 873 | 8.4 | 1.11 [0.77–1.60] | <0.001 |
Relationship issues | 136 | 72.0 | 1263 | 12.4 | 1399 | 13.5 | 16.35 [12.15–22.02] | <0.001 |
Suicidal Attempts Among | ||||||||
Family members | 33 | 17.5 | 427 | 4.2 | 460 | 4.4 | 4.81 [3.26–7.09] | <0.001 |
Friends | 32 | 16.9 | 465 | 4.6 | 497 | 4.8 | 4.24 [2.87–6.27] | <0.001 |
Self | 45 | 23.8 | 172 | 1.7 | 217 | 2.1 | 18.13 [12.55–26.17] | <0.001 |
Substance Use | ||||||||
Tobacco chewing | 13 | 6.9 | 298 | 2.9 | 311 | 3.0 | 2.44 [1.37–4.34] | 0.002 |
Tobacco smoking | 17 | 9.0 | 205 | 2.0 | 222 | 2.1 | 4.79 [2.85–8.04] | <0.001 |
Drinking | 28 | 14.8 | 387 | 3.8 | 415 | 4.0 | 4.38 [2.90–6.63] | <0.001 |
Variables | Gender Sex & Sexuality Issues | Total | Odds Ratio | |||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Yes (189) | No (10,151) | N = 10,340 | OR [95% CI] * | p-Value | ||||
N | % | N | % | n | % | |||
Feel anxious | 109 | 57.7 | 2120 | 20.9 | 2229 | 21.6 | 5.16 [3.82–6.91] | <0.001 |
Feel depressed | 68 | 36.0 | 699 | 6.9 | 767 | 7.4 | 7.59 [5.59–10.32] | <0.001 |
Not interested indoing any work | 61 | 32.3 | 765 | 7.5 | 826 | 8.0 | 5.84 [4.27–8.00] | <0.001 |
Feel tired or helpless | 64 | 33.9 | 835 | 8.2 | 899 | 8.7 | 5.71 [4.19–7.78] | <0.001 |
Worry about problems | 54 | 28.6 | 762 | 7.5 | 816 | 7.9 | 4.92 [3.56–6.81] | <0.001 |
Feel like lost everything in life due to their problems | 36 | 19.0 | 400 | 3.9 | 436 | 4.2 | 5.73 [3.93–8.35] | <0.001 |
Feel incapable of making decisions or solving problems | 61 | 32.3 | 845 | 8.3 | 906 | 8.8 | 5.24 [3.83–7.17] | <0.001 |
Feel lonely | 51 | 27.0 | 574 | 5.7 | 625 | 6.0 | 6.16 [4.42–8.59] | <0.001 |
Unable to trust anyone | 32 | 16.9 | 260 | 2.6 | 292 | 2.8 | 7.75 [5.19–11.56] | <0.001 |
Forgetfulness | 23 | 12.2 | 313 | 3.1 | 336 | 3.2 | 4.35 [2.77–6.83] | <0.001 |
Difficulty in concentration | 32 | 16.9 | 318 | 3.1 | 350 | 3.4 | 6.30 [4.24–9.36] | <0.001 |
Feel like running away from everyone | 23 | 12.2 | 159 | 1.6 | 182 | 1.8 | 8.70 [5.47–13.83] | <0.001 |
Feel like committing suicide | 24 | 12.7 | 99 | 1.0 | 123 | 1.2 | 14.76 [9.21–23.67] | <0.001 |
Feel like it would have been good to have died | 26 | 13.8 | 94 | 0.9 | 120 | 1.2 | 17.06 [10.76–27.06] | <0.001 |
Angry with people around | 28 | 14.8 | 376 | 3.7 | 404 | 3.9 | 4.52 [2.98–6.84] | <0.001 |
Feel like failed in managing responsibilities | 27 | 14.3 | 275 | 2.7 | 302 | 2.9 | 5.98 [3.91–9.15] | <0.001 |
Feel guilty | 30 | 15.9 | 451 | 4.4 | 481 | 4.7 | 4.05 [2.71–6.06] | <0.001 |
Feel worthless | 34 | 18.0 | 349 | 3.4 | 383 | 3.7 | 6.16 [4.18–9.06] | <0.001 |
4. Discussion
5. Limitations
6. Conclusions
Author Contributions
Funding
Institutional Review Board Statement
Informed Consent Statement
Data Availability Statement
Conflicts of Interest
References
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Variables | Adjusted Odds Ratio (AOR) | ||
---|---|---|---|
Crude Odds Ratio [95% CI] | AOR [95% CI] * | p-Value | |
Age in Completed Years | |||
15–20 | Reference | Reference | |
21–25 | 1.80 [1.27–2.54] | 1.54 [1.05–2.27] | 0.027 |
26–30 | 2.42 [1.62–3.61] | 1.30 [0.80–2.12] | 0.276 |
31–35 | 2.25 [1.32–3.82] | 0.82 [0.43–1.59] | 0.573 |
Gender | |||
Female | Reference | Reference | |
Male | 1.68 [1.23–2.28] | 1.72 [1.20–2.46] | 0.003 |
Marital Status | |||
Never Married | Reference | Reference | |
Ever Married | 3.64 [2.63–5.05] | 2.32 [1.51–3.57] | <0.001 |
Types of Issues Reported | |||
Health and lifestyle issues | 11.99 [8.40–17.10] | 2.27 [1.77–4.19] | <0.001 |
Relationship issues | 16.35 [12.15–22.02] | 3.63 [2.36–5.57] | <0.001 |
Personality issues | 18.05 [13.07–24.93] | 2.48 [1.60–3.85] | <0.001 |
Safety issues | 1.11 [0.77–1.60] | 2.56 [1.72–3.81] | <0.001 |
Ever attempted suicide | 18.13 [12.55–26.17] | 4.27 [2.70–6.74] | <0.001 |
Substance Use | |||
Tobacco smoking | 4.79 [2.85–8.04] | 2.30 [1.24–4.27] | 0.008 |
Drinking | 4.38 [2.90–6.63] | 0.49 [0.30–0.81] | 0.005 |
Emotions Experienced | |||
Feel depressed | 7.59 [5.59–10.32] | 2.10 [1.43–3.09] | <0.001 |
Feel worthless | 6.16 [4.18–9.06] | 2.08 [1.28–3.39] | 0.003 |
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Banandur, P.; Shahane, S.; Velu, S.; Bhargav, S.; Thakkar, A.; Hasiruvalli Gangappa, V.; Naik, V.; Arelingaiah, M.; Garady, L.; Koujageri, J.; et al. Health and Lifestyle, Safety, Relationship and Personality Factors Influence Gender, Sex and Sexuality Issues among Youth—A Case Record Analysis from Youth Mental Health Promotion Clinics in Karnataka, India. Sexes 2021, 2, 483-494. https://doi.org/10.3390/sexes2040038
Banandur P, Shahane S, Velu S, Bhargav S, Thakkar A, Hasiruvalli Gangappa V, Naik V, Arelingaiah M, Garady L, Koujageri J, et al. Health and Lifestyle, Safety, Relationship and Personality Factors Influence Gender, Sex and Sexuality Issues among Youth—A Case Record Analysis from Youth Mental Health Promotion Clinics in Karnataka, India. Sexes. 2021; 2(4):483-494. https://doi.org/10.3390/sexes2040038
Chicago/Turabian StyleBanandur, Pradeep, Swati Shahane, Sathya Velu, Sathrajith Bhargav, Aditi Thakkar, Virupaksha Hasiruvalli Gangappa, Vani Naik, Mutharaju Arelingaiah, Lavanya Garady, Jyoti Koujageri, and et al. 2021. "Health and Lifestyle, Safety, Relationship and Personality Factors Influence Gender, Sex and Sexuality Issues among Youth—A Case Record Analysis from Youth Mental Health Promotion Clinics in Karnataka, India" Sexes 2, no. 4: 483-494. https://doi.org/10.3390/sexes2040038