Epidemiology of Turbot (Scophthalmus maeoticus) Bacterial Contamination, a Fishery Limiting Factor on the Romanian Black Sea
Abstract
:1. Introduction
2. Materials and Methods
2.1. Fish Sampling
2.2. Determination of Bacterial Diseases
2.3. Determination of Constitutional Diseases
3. Results
3.1. Bacterial Diseases and Their Impact on S. maeoticus Populations from the Romanian Coast
3.1.1. Bacterial Contamination of S. maeoticus with V. anguillarium
3.1.2. Bacterial Contamination of S. maeoticus with A. hydrophilla
3.1.3. Bacterial Contamination of S. maeoticus with P. fluorescens
3.2. Constitutional Diseases—Evaluation of Neoplasia from the Romanian Coast in 2016–2019
- -
- the early phase, when the epithelial surface of the center of the lesions is removed, and superficial hemorrhagic ulcers are produced;
- -
- the phase with three distinct zones: a peripheral pale zone; a dark-grey intermediate zone; and a central hemorrhagic zone.
4. Discussion
5. Conclusions
Supplementary Materials
Author Contributions
Funding
Institutional Review Board Statement
Data Availability Statement
Acknowledgments
Conflicts of Interest
References
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Vibrio anguillarum | Aeromonas hydrophila | Pseudomonas fluorescens | |
---|---|---|---|
Colony characteristics | Round colonies, 1–2 mm in diameter, transparent, smooth convex, shiny, with an opaque halo, soft consistency, grey–brown–yellow. | Round colonies, large with regular margins, smooth, opaque, white–grey to yellowish, up to 5 mm in diameter. | Small colonies, 2–3 mm diameter, with regular edges, slightly convex, dirty white, green, opaque, or slightly transparent |
Pigments in broth | Stir the alkaline peptone water and the broth with the formation of a film on top. | Intense, uniform, uncharacteristic turbidity, without pigment or with brown pigment. Sedimentation tendency. | Turbidity, film on the surface, sometimes green, red, brown, orange pigment. |
Selective media | TGBS, BSA—small colonies, round, transparent, bright, smooth, soft. | MK—red, large colonies. Colour changes due to the fermentation of sugars: red colonies on MacConkey, red-purple colonies on Levine, brown on Tryptic Soy Agar. | MI—blue-green colonies, with or without a black dot. It does not ferment the sugars, and does not cause discolouration on Levine. |
Morphological characteristics | Bacilli slightly curved, 0.4–0.6/1–3 µm | Bacilli, coccobacilli, with polar flagellum. | Bacilli, coccobacilli (short, thick rods, with 0.5–0.6/1.5µm) |
Gram coloration | - | - | - |
Mobility | - | + | + |
Glucose | +F | +F | +O |
Lactose | - | + | - |
Sucrose | + | + | + - |
Indole | + | + | - |
Lysine | - | - | - |
Urea | - | - | + |
H2S | - | + | - |
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Țoțoiu, A.; Patriche, N.; Niță, V.; Sîrbu, E.; Dima, F.M.; Nenciu, M.I.; Nistor, V. Epidemiology of Turbot (Scophthalmus maeoticus) Bacterial Contamination, a Fishery Limiting Factor on the Romanian Black Sea. Fishes 2023, 8, 418. https://doi.org/10.3390/fishes8080418
Țoțoiu A, Patriche N, Niță V, Sîrbu E, Dima FM, Nenciu MI, Nistor V. Epidemiology of Turbot (Scophthalmus maeoticus) Bacterial Contamination, a Fishery Limiting Factor on the Romanian Black Sea. Fishes. 2023; 8(8):418. https://doi.org/10.3390/fishes8080418
Chicago/Turabian StyleȚoțoiu, Aurelia, Neculai Patriche, Victor Niță, Elena Sîrbu, Floricel Maricel Dima, Magda Ioana Nenciu, and Veta Nistor. 2023. "Epidemiology of Turbot (Scophthalmus maeoticus) Bacterial Contamination, a Fishery Limiting Factor on the Romanian Black Sea" Fishes 8, no. 8: 418. https://doi.org/10.3390/fishes8080418