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Tomography
Volume 3
Issue 2
10.18383/j.tom.2017.00005
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Article

Mask-Adapted Background Field Removal for Artifact Reduction in Quantitative Susceptibility Mapping of the Prostate

by
Sina Straub
1,*,
Julian Emmerich
1,
Heinz-Peter Schlemmer
2,
Klaus H. Maier-Hein
3,
Mark E. Ladd
1,
Matthias C. Röthke
2,
David Bonekamp
2 and
Frederik B. Laun
1,4
1
Department of Medical Physics in Radiology, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany
2
Department of Radiology, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany
3
Junior Group Medical Image Computing, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany
4
Institute of Radiology, University Hospital Erlangen, Erlangen, Germany
*
Author to whom correspondence should be addressed.
Tomography 2017, 3(2), 96-100; https://doi.org/10.18383/j.tom.2017.00005
Submission received: 9 March 2017 / Revised: 5 April 2017 / Accepted: 8 May 2017 / Published: 1 June 2017
Versions Notes

Abstract

We propose an alternative processing method for quantitative susceptibility mapping of the prostate that reduces artifacts and enables better visibility and quantification of calcifications and other lesions. Three-dimensional gradient-echo magnetic resonance data were obtained from 26 patients at 3 T who previously received a planning computed tomography of the prostate. Phase images were unwrapped using Laplacian-based phase unwrapping. The background field was removed with the V-SHARP method using tissue masks for the entire abdomen (Method 1) and masks that excluded bone and the rectum (Method 2). Susceptibility maps were calculated with the iLSQR method. The quality of susceptibility maps was assessed by one radiologist and two physicists who rated the data for visibility of lesions and data quality on a scale from 1 (poor) to 4 (good). The readers rated susceptibility maps computed with Method 2 to be, on average, better for visibility of lesions with a score of 2.9 ± 1.1 and image quality with a score of 2.8 ± 0.8 compared with maps computed with Method 1 (2.4 ± 1.2/2.3 ± 1.0). Regarding strong artifacts, these could be removed using adapted masks, and the susceptibility values seemed less biased by the artifacts. Thus, using an adapted mask for background field removal when calculating susceptibility maps of the prostate from phase data reduces artifacts and improves visibility of lesions.
Keywords: quantitative susceptibility mapping; prostate cancer; calcification; artifact reduction; background field removal quantitative susceptibility mapping; prostate cancer; calcification; artifact reduction; background field removal

Share and Cite

MDPI and ACS Style

Straub, S.; Emmerich, J.; Schlemmer, H.-P.; Maier-Hein, K.H.; Ladd, M.E.; Röthke, M.C.; Bonekamp, D.; Laun, F.B. Mask-Adapted Background Field Removal for Artifact Reduction in Quantitative Susceptibility Mapping of the Prostate. Tomography 2017, 3, 96-100. https://doi.org/10.18383/j.tom.2017.00005

AMA Style

Straub S, Emmerich J, Schlemmer H-P, Maier-Hein KH, Ladd ME, Röthke MC, Bonekamp D, Laun FB. Mask-Adapted Background Field Removal for Artifact Reduction in Quantitative Susceptibility Mapping of the Prostate. Tomography. 2017; 3(2):96-100. https://doi.org/10.18383/j.tom.2017.00005

Chicago/Turabian Style

Straub, Sina, Julian Emmerich, Heinz-Peter Schlemmer, Klaus H. Maier-Hein, Mark E. Ladd, Matthias C. Röthke, David Bonekamp, and Frederik B. Laun. 2017. "Mask-Adapted Background Field Removal for Artifact Reduction in Quantitative Susceptibility Mapping of the Prostate" Tomography 3, no. 2: 96-100. https://doi.org/10.18383/j.tom.2017.00005

APA Style

Straub, S., Emmerich, J., Schlemmer, H. -P., Maier-Hein, K. H., Ladd, M. E., Röthke, M. C., Bonekamp, D., & Laun, F. B. (2017). Mask-Adapted Background Field Removal for Artifact Reduction in Quantitative Susceptibility Mapping of the Prostate. Tomography, 3(2), 96-100. https://doi.org/10.18383/j.tom.2017.00005

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