Identity Development and Its Relationship to Family History Knowledge among Late Adolescents
Abstract
:1. Introduction
Current Study
2. Review of Literature
2.1. Identity Development
2.2. Family Systems Framework
2.3. Family History and Identity
3. Methods
3.1. Study Design
3.2. Measures
3.2.1. Parental Relationship Inventory (PRI)
3.2.2. Ego Identity Process Questionnaire (EIPQ)
3.2.3. Do You Know (DYK)
3.2.4. Socio-Demographic Variables
3.3. Analysis
4. Results
4.1. Hypothesis Testing
4.2. Multiple Regression Analyses
4.3. Analysis of Variance
5. Discussion
5.1. Interpretation of Results
Obviously, the only people at the time that I could rely on let me down.
5.2. Sociodemographic Variables
5.3. Limitations and Recommendations for Future Research
5.4. Implications
- How to present stories in ways that highlight values, roles, and relationships;
- How to ask questions that invite adolescents to respond to stories with personal interpretations and meanings;
- How to listen for understanding;
- How to share their interpretations and values without imposing them upon adolescents.
6. Conclusions
Author Contributions
Funding
Institutional Review Board Statement
Informed Consent Statement
Data Availability Statement
Conflicts of Interest
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Variables | B | SE B | β | p |
---|---|---|---|---|
Identity Autonomy (N = 237) | ||||
Block 1 R2 = 0.018 (p = 0.389) | ||||
Constant | 34.11 | 0.890 | 0.001 ** | |
Divorced | 1.174 | 0.842 | 0.094 | 0.165 |
Step/Adopted a | 0.296 | 2.254 | 0.009 | 0.896 |
Female | −0.463 | 0.837 | −0.036 | 0.581 |
Religious b | −0.998 | 0.789 | −0.084 | 0.207 |
Block 2 ∆R2 = 0.067 (p < 0.01) | ||||
Constant | 41.458 | 1.961 | 0.001 ** | |
Divorced | 0.648 | 0.823 | 0.052 | 0.432 |
Step/Adopted | 0.183 | 2.179 | 0.005 | 0.933 |
Female | −0.183 | 0.811 | −0.014 | 0.822 |
Religious | −1.046 | 0.762 | −0.088 | 0.171 |
Family History Knowledge | −0.457 | 0.110 | −0.267 | 0.001 ** |
Identity Relatedness (N = 237) | ||||
Block 1 R2 = 0.037 (p < 0.05) | ||||
Constant | 34.130 | 0.896 | 0.001 ** | |
Divorced | −1.296 | 0.825 | −0.101 | 0.117 |
Female | 1.125 | 0.843 | 0.087 | 0.184 |
Religious | 1.610 | 0.791 | 0.132 | 0.043 |
Block 2 ∆R2 = 0.179 (p < 0.001) | ||||
Constant | 22.816 | 1.876 | 0.001 ** | |
Divorced | −0.471 | 0.766 | −0.037 | 0.540 |
Female | 0.696 | 0.776 | 0.054 | 0.371 |
Religious | 1.677 | 0.726 | 0.138 | 0.022 * |
Family History Knowledge | 0.704 | 0.105 | 0.402 | 0.001 ** |
Identity Commitment (N = 237) | ||||
Block 1 R2 = 0.048 (p < 0.05) | ||||
Constant | 60.781 | 1.658 | 0.001 ** | |
Divorced | −0.210 | 1.569 | −0.009 | 0.894 |
Step/Adopted | 3.078 | 4.200 | 0.049 | 0.464 |
Female | 0.956 | 1.559 | 0.040 | 0.540 |
Religious | 4.707 | 1.469 | 0.209 | 0.002 ** |
Block 2 ∆R2 = 0.091 (p < 0.001) | ||||
Constant | 47.508 | 3.662 | 0.001 ** | |
Divorced | 0.740 | 1.538 | 0.031 | 0.631 |
Step/Adopted | 3.283 | 4.069 | 0.052 | 0.421 |
Female | 0.449 | 1.515 | 0.019 | 0.767 |
Religious | 4.794 | 1.423 | 0.213 | 0.001 ** |
Family History Knowledge | 0.825 | 0.205 | 0.254 | 0.001 ** |
Identity Exploration (N = 237) | ||||
Block 1 R2 = 0.042 (p < 0.05) | ||||
Constant | 65.888 | 1.45 | 0.000 | |
Divorced | 0.917 | 1.372 | 0.044 | 0.504 |
Step/Adopted | 2.143 | 3.673 | 0.039 | 0.560 |
Female | 1.828 | 1.363 | 0.087 | 0.181 |
Religious | −3.638 | 1.285 | −0.185 | 0.005 ** |
Block 2 ∆R2 = 0.022 (p = 0.654) | ||||
Constant | 64.551 | 3.312 | 0.001 ** | |
Divorced | 1.013 | 1.391 | 0.049 | 0.467 |
Step/Adopted | 2.164 | 3.680 | 0.039 | 0.557 |
Female | 1.777 | 1.37 | 0.085 | 0.196 |
Religious | −3.630 | 1.287 | −0.185 | 0.005 ** |
Family History Knowledge | 0.083 | 0.185 | 0.029 | 0.654 |
Category | N | M | SD | df | F | Sig. |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
1. Diffusion | 49 | 15.63 | 2.62 | 3 (between) | 7.12 | 0.001 ** |
2. Foreclosed | 72 | 16.76 | 2.90 | 231 (within) | ||
3. Moratorium | 71 | 15.49 | 3.42 | |||
4. Identity Achieved | 43 | 17.63 | 2.06 |
SS | df | MS | F | Sig. | |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
Between Groups | 177.78 | 3 | 59.26 | 7.12 | 0.000 ** |
Within Groups | 1922.41 | 231 | 8.32 | ||
Total | 2100.19 | 234 |
(I) Differ Differentiation | (J) Differ Differentiation | Mean Difference (I-J) | Std. Error | Sig. | 95% Confidence Interval | |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Lower Bound | Upper Bound | |||||
1.00 Identity Achieved | 2.00 | 0.86402 | 0.55599 | 0.407 | −0.5748 | 2.3028 |
3.00 | 2.13495 * | 0.5745 | 0.001 | −0.6924 | 3.5775 | |
4.00 | 2.24015 * | 0.60281 | 0.001 | 0.6802 | 3.8001 | |
2.00 Foreclosed | 1.00 | −0.86402 | 0.55599 | 0.407 | −2.3028 | 0.5748 |
3.00 | 1.27093 * | 0.48249 | 0.044 | −0.0223 | 2.5195 | |
4.00 | 21.37613 | 0.53425 | 0.052 | −0.0064 | 2.7587 | |
3.00 Moratorium | 1.00 | −2.13495 * | 0.55745 | 0.001 | −3.5775 | −0.6924 |
2.00 | −1.257093 * | 0.48249 | 0.044 | −2.5195 | −0.0223 | |
4.00 | 0.10520 | 0.53577 | 0.997 | −1.2813 | 1.4917 | |
4.00 Diffused | 1.00 | 2.24015 * | 0.60281 | 0.001 | −3.8001 | −0.6802 |
2.00 | −1.37613 | 0.83425 | 0.052 | −2.7587 | 0.0064 | |
3.00 | −0.10520 | 0.53577 | 0.997 | −1.4917 | 1.2813 |
Category | N | M | SD | df | F | Sig. |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
1. Healthy Differentiation | 32 | 17.06 | 2.31 | 3 (between) | 14.74 | 0.001 ** |
2. Overinvolvement-Consonant | 73 | 17.52 | 1.97 | 233 (within) | ||
3. Overinvolvement-Dissonant | 57 | 16.26 | 2.92 | |||
4. Underinvolvement | 75 | 14.55 | 3.59 |
SS | df | MS | F | Sig. | |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
Between Groups | 356.292 | 3 | 118.764 | 14.737 | 0.001 ** |
Within Groups | 1877.733 | 233 | 8.059 | ||
Total | 2234.025 | 236 |
(I) Differ Differentiation | (J) Differ Differentiation | Mean Difference (I-J) | Std. Error | Sig. | 95% Confidence Interval | |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Lower Bound | Upper Bound | |||||
1.00 Healthy Differentiation | 2.00 | −0.45805 | 0.60186 | 0.872 | −2.0155 | 1.0994 |
3.00 | 0.79934 | 0.62708 | 0.580 | −0.8233 | 2.4220 | |
4.00 | 2.51583 * | 0.59941 | 0.000 | 0.9648 | 4.0669 | |
2.00 Overinvolvement—Consonant | 1.00 | 0.45805 | 0.60186 | 0.872 | −1.0994 | 2.0155 |
3.00 | 1.25739 | 0.50178 | 0.062 | −0.0410 | 2.5558 | |
4.00 | 2.97388 * | 0.46674 | 0.000 | 1.7661 | 4.1817 | |
3.00 Overinvolvement—Dissonant | 1.00 | −0.79934 | 0.62708 | 0.580 | −2.4220 | 0.8233 |
2.00 | −1.25739 | 0.50178 | 0.062 | −2.5558 | 0.0410 | |
4.00 | 1.71649 * | 0.49884 | 0.004 | 0.4257 | 3.0073 | |
4.00 Underinvolvement | 1.00 | −2.51583 * | 0.59941 | 0.000 | −4.0669 | −0.9648 |
2.00 | −2.97388 * | 0.46674 | 0.000 | −4.1817 | −1.7661 | |
3.00 | −1.71649 * | 0.49884 | 0.004 | −3.0073 | −0.4257 |
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Haydon, C.G.; Hill, B.J.; Ward, P.J.; Eggett, D.L. Identity Development and Its Relationship to Family History Knowledge among Late Adolescents. Genealogy 2023, 7, 13. https://doi.org/10.3390/genealogy7010013
Haydon CG, Hill BJ, Ward PJ, Eggett DL. Identity Development and Its Relationship to Family History Knowledge among Late Adolescents. Genealogy. 2023; 7(1):13. https://doi.org/10.3390/genealogy7010013
Chicago/Turabian StyleHaydon, Clive G., Brian J. Hill, Peter J. Ward, and Dennis L. Eggett. 2023. "Identity Development and Its Relationship to Family History Knowledge among Late Adolescents" Genealogy 7, no. 1: 13. https://doi.org/10.3390/genealogy7010013