A Molecular Description of Hydrogel Forming Polymers for Cement-Based Printing Paste Applications
Abstract
:1. Introduction
2. Results and Discussion
2.1. Microstructural Analysis
2.2. Differential Scanning Calorimetry (DSC)
2.3. NMR DOSY Experiments
2.4. Neutron Scattering
2.4.1. Energy-Resolved “Elastic” Scattering
2.4.2. Dynamic Scattering
2.5. Atomistic Simulations
3. Conclusions
4. Materials and Methods
4.1. Materials
4.2. Gel Preparation Procedures
4.2.1. Gels for Differential Scanning Calorimetry
4.2.2. Gels for NMR
4.2.3. Gels and Cement Pastes for Neutron Scattering
4.3. Microstructural Analysis (XRD)
4.4. Differential Scanning Calorimetry-Based Thermoporosimetry (DSC)
4.5. Diffusion-Ordered Nuclear Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy (DOSY)
4.6. Quasi-Elastic Neutron Scattering
4.7. Atomistic Simulation
Author Contributions
Funding
Informed Consent Statement
Data Availability Statement
Acknowledgments
Conflicts of Interest
References
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Sample | Diffusivity, 10−10 m2/s | Elastic Signal Fraction |
---|---|---|
HEMC gel | 13.9043 ± 0.2715 | NA |
HMPC gel | 14.5941 ± 0.3757 | NA |
HMMC gel | 16.3169 ± 0.3816 | NA |
PEO gel | 14.0958 ± 0.2824 | NA |
cement | 14.6989 ± 0.5890 | 1.729 × 10−1 ± 4.327 × 10−3 |
HEMC gel-cement | 16.3777 ± 0.6809 | 1.562 × 10−1 ± 4.894 × 10−3 |
HMPC gel-cement | 16.3929 ± 0.6986 | 1.523 × 10−1 ± 5.027 × 10−3 |
HMMC gel-cement | 16.4233 ± 0.6736 | 1.698 × 10−1± 4.702 × 10−3 |
PEO gel-cement | 16.3169 ± 0.6755 | 1.683 × 10−1 ± 5.321 × 10−3 |
Procedure | Time |
---|---|
Preparation of gels and storage | Gel preparation procedure is described elsewhere [34,35]. |
Mixing gels with cement particles to make gel-cement paste | Between 5 to 10 min from time of first contact of gel and cement; the mixing procedure is described elsewhere [34,35]. |
Loading either neat gel or gel-cement sample into the holder before exposure to beam | Roughly 30 min to load and seal the holder. |
Placing the sample in the instrument | Additional 15 min to load sample into the beam path (required the removal of previous sample). |
Exposing sample to the beam | 2 h for the dynamic runs, then an additional 12 to 24 h of exposure (depending upon neutron beam stability) to gather the freezing/melting elastic scan data. |
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Taheri-Afarani, H.; Mamontov, E.; Carroll, W.R.; Biernacki, J.J. A Molecular Description of Hydrogel Forming Polymers for Cement-Based Printing Paste Applications. Gels 2022, 8, 592. https://doi.org/10.3390/gels8090592
Taheri-Afarani H, Mamontov E, Carroll WR, Biernacki JJ. A Molecular Description of Hydrogel Forming Polymers for Cement-Based Printing Paste Applications. Gels. 2022; 8(9):592. https://doi.org/10.3390/gels8090592
Chicago/Turabian StyleTaheri-Afarani, Hajar, Eugene Mamontov, William R. Carroll, and Joseph J. Biernacki. 2022. "A Molecular Description of Hydrogel Forming Polymers for Cement-Based Printing Paste Applications" Gels 8, no. 9: 592. https://doi.org/10.3390/gels8090592