Characterization of Current Husbandry and Veterinary Care Practices of the Giant Pacific Octopus (Enteroctopus dofleini) Using an Online Survey
Abstract
:Simple Summary
Abstract
1. Introduction
2. Materials and Methods
3. Results
3.1. Survey One
3.2. Survey Two
4. Discussion
4.1. Response Rate
4.2. Survey One
4.3. Survey Two
Supplementary Materials
Author Contributions
Funding
Institutional Review Board Statement
Informed Consent Statement
Data Availability Statement
Acknowledgments
Conflicts of Interest
References
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Parameter | Range | Mode (n) | Median | Mean | Total (n) | Survey | Ideal Levels per AZA Manual |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Life support system | open, closed, other | Closed (29) | 37 | 1 | |||
Habitat volume (liters) | 1893–16,389 | 1893 (3), 5678 (3) | 5405 | 6162 | 35 | 1 | >1893 L |
Temperature range (°Celsius) | 5–14.4 degrees | 35 | 1 | 6.0–12.0 °C | |||
Average temperature (°Celsius) | 8.8–14.4 | 10 (5) | 10 | 10.4 | 15 | 1 | |
Average pH or range | 7.4–8.3 | 8 (4) | 19 | 2 | 8.0–8.3 | ||
Average salinity or range (ppt) | 29–36 | 32 (5) | 20 | 2 | 28–33 ppt | ||
Nitrate (mg/dL) | 0–29 | ≤10 (4) | 19 | 2 | 0–19 mg/L | ||
Dissolved oxygen (% saturation) | 90–109 | 90–100 (3) | 8 | 2 | 85–95 % | ||
Water change percentage | 3–100 | 20 (3), 100 (3) | 19 | 2 | |||
Water change frequency | Continuous—weekly | weekly (8) | 19 | 2 |
Filtration Methods (n) | Enclosure/Decor (n) |
---|---|
Foam fractionator (11) | Rockwork (14) |
UV sterilization (8) | Fiberglass (8) |
Bioball/biotower (6) | Acrylic (6) |
Sand filter (5) | Natural or artificial kelp (5) |
Canister filter (4) | Concrete or cement (4) |
Sock filter (4) | Cave area (2) |
Unspecified mechanical (4) | Other invertebrates specified (2) |
Moving bed (3) | Tunnel (2) |
Bead filter (2) | Gravel substrate (2) |
Ozone (2) | Algae specified (2) |
Carbon filter (2) | PVC (1) |
Pleated pool filter (1) | Cobblestone substrate (1) |
Natural stone substrate (1) | |
Crushed coral substrate (1) | |
Large shells (1) | |
Lava rocks (1) | |
Total Respondents: 20 | 20 |
Examination | Responses | Percentage |
---|---|---|
Entrance/arrival | 15 | 71 |
Necropsy | 14 | 67 |
Only when needed | 11 | 52 |
Preventative | 10 | 48 |
Prior to transfer | 8 | 38 |
Other | 3 | 14 |
Respondents (n) | 21 |
Frequency | Responses | Percentage |
---|---|---|
<Once/year or never | 9 | 43 |
Twice a month or more | 5 | 24 |
Every 3 to 6 months | 3 | 14 |
Every 7 months to annually | 3 | 14 |
Every 1 to 2 months | 2 | 10 |
Respondents (n) | 21 |
Agent | Sedation or Anesthesia | n | Euthanasia | n | Negative Experiences | n |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Magnesium chloride (66–75 g/L stock) | 33–47 g/L, titrated | 9 | 20–200 g/L | 13 | Inadequate, inking | 2 |
Ethanol (ethyl alcohol, vodka) | 0.03–3.0% | 6 | 5–27% | 9 | Inadequate, inking | 3 |
Isoflurane (in a covered trash can) | Induction 10 min, Recovery 15 min | 2 | 1 | 0 | ||
MS-222 | 100 mg/L | 2 | 1 | Ineffective, inking, escape behavior | 5 | |
Magnesium sulfate | 1 | 1 | 0 | |||
Benzocaine | 500–2000 mg/L | 1 | >2000 mg/L (difficult to mix into solution) | 1 | 0 | |
Sevoflurane | 0 | 0 | 0 | |||
Eugenol | 0 | 0 | 0 | |||
Other (dexmedetomidine) | 1 | 1 | 0 | |||
Mechanical decerebration | NA | NA | N/A | 4 | Rapid cut on the midline at the level of eyes | 0 |
Pentobarbital | NA | NA | 20 mL is not effective | 2 | Ineffective | 2 |
Potassium chloride | NA | NA | 1 | 0 | ||
Other (freezing) | NA | NA | N/A | 1 | NA | NA |
Other (unspecified euthanasia solution) | NA | NA | 1 | NA | NA | |
Cooling | NA | NA | N/A | NA | Prolonged | 1 |
Other (Telazol®) | NA | NA | N/A | NA | Curled up, prolonged recovery | 1 |
Total Respondents | 13 | 17 | 9 |
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Kirby, A.J.; Balko, J.A.; Goertz, C.E.C.; Lewbart, G.A. Characterization of Current Husbandry and Veterinary Care Practices of the Giant Pacific Octopus (Enteroctopus dofleini) Using an Online Survey. Vet. Sci. 2023, 10, 448. https://doi.org/10.3390/vetsci10070448
Kirby AJ, Balko JA, Goertz CEC, Lewbart GA. Characterization of Current Husbandry and Veterinary Care Practices of the Giant Pacific Octopus (Enteroctopus dofleini) Using an Online Survey. Veterinary Sciences. 2023; 10(7):448. https://doi.org/10.3390/vetsci10070448
Chicago/Turabian StyleKirby, Ashley J., Julie A. Balko, Caroline E. C. Goertz, and Gregory A. Lewbart. 2023. "Characterization of Current Husbandry and Veterinary Care Practices of the Giant Pacific Octopus (Enteroctopus dofleini) Using an Online Survey" Veterinary Sciences 10, no. 7: 448. https://doi.org/10.3390/vetsci10070448