Effects of Injectable Administration of Dexamethasone Alone or in Combination with Vitamin E/Se in Newborn Low Birth Weight Piglets
Abstract
:Simple Summary
Abstract
1. Introduction
2. Materials and Methods
2.1. Trial Farm
2.2. Experimental Material
2.3. Study Procedure/Animals
2.4. Records
2.5. Sampling and Laboratory Examinations
2.6. Statistical Analysis
3. Results
3.1. Mortality
3.2. Body Weight (BW)
3.3. Vitality Score (VS)
3.4. Clinical Findings
3.5. RT PCR Results
4. Discussion
5. Conclusions
Author Contributions
Funding
Institutional Review Board Statement
Informed Consent Statement
Data Availability Statement
Conflicts of Interest
References
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Group | Treatment |
---|---|
Group A-Cont | Control group-Cont |
Group B-Dexa1 | IM Dexamethazone on D1 |
Group C-Dexa3 | IM Dexamethazone on D1, D2, D3 |
Group D-Dexa + VitE/S1 | IM Dexamethazone on D1 + IM Vitamin E/Se on D1 |
Group E-Dexa + VitE/S3 | IM Dexamethazone D1, D2, D3 + Vitamin E/Se D1, D2, D3 |
Clinical Observations | |||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|
Score of General Behavior | Score of Suckling | Score Of Gastrointestinal Signs | |||
0-No abnormalities | 0-Appear normal | 0-Appear normal | |||
1-Mild depression, reluctance to move | 1-Hardly interested in suckling | 1-Pasty feces or watery mild yellow diarrhea | |||
2-Reduced general condition, extended resting | 2-Without clear suckling | 2-Watery moderate yellow diarrhea or reddened anal region | |||
3-Strong depression, almost entirely resting | 3-Total anorexia | 3-Watery severe yellow diarrhea | |||
Vitality Score—VS | |||||
Score | Heart rate (beats/min) | Respiration rate (breaths/min) | Muscle tone | Skin color on the snout | Standing on all four legs |
0 | Absent | Absent | Flaccid | Pale | Absent |
1 | <120 (Bradycardia) | >40 | Poor | Cyanotic | Poor |
2 | 121–160 (Normal) | <20 | Good | Red to pink | Good |
3 | 121–160 (Normal) | 20–36 | Very good | Pink | Very good |
4 | >161 (Tachycardia) | 20–36 | Very good | Pink | Very good |
Group | D1 to D7 | D8 to D14 | D15 to D25 |
---|---|---|---|
Group A-Cont | 0.17 (0.02) abc | 0.20 (0.02) | 0.31 (0.02) |
Group B-Dexa1 | 0.10 (0.06) a | 0.15 (0.15) b | 0.29 (0.01) |
Group C-Dexa3 | 0.08 (0.03) b | 0.17 (0.08) c | 0.27 (0.03) |
Group D-Dexa + VitE/S1 | 0.19 (0.08) | 0.20 (0.05) | 0.32 (0.07) |
Group E-Dexa + VitE/S3 | 0.25 (0.07) c | 0.27 (0.09) bc | 0.26 (0.05) |
Group | D1 | D7 | D14 | D25 |
---|---|---|---|---|
Group A-Cont | 0.93 (0.01) | 2.08 ab (0.09) | 3.52 ab (0,13) | 6.96 ab (0.10) |
Group B-Dexa1 | 0.93 (0.02) | 1.75 cde (0.11) | 3.31 cde (0.15) | 6.47 cde (0.12) |
Group C-Dexa3 | 0.89 (0.10) | 1.48 acfg (0.09) | 2.75 acfg (0.13) | 5.69 acfg (0.10) |
Group D-Dexa + VitE/S1 | 0.88 (0.01) | 2.24 dfh (0.09) | 3.63 dfh (0.13) | 7.10 dfh (0.10) |
Group E-Dexa + VitE/S3 | 0.876 (0.01) | 2.65 begh (0.09) | 4.47 begh (0.13) | 7.41 begh (0.10) |
VS | Group | N | Mean Rank | Group A | Group B | Group C | Group D | Group E |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
D1 | A | 20 | 70.30 | p = 0.01 std er = 8.0 | nsd | nsd | nsd | |
B | 20 | 38.20 | p = 0.01 std er = 8.0 | nsd | nsd | nsd | ||
C | 20 | 52.90 | nsd | nsd | nsd | nsd | ||
D | 20 | 52.90 | nsd | nsd | nsd | nsd | ||
E | 20 | 38.20 | p = 0.01 std er = 8.0 | nsd | nsd | nsd | ||
Total | 100 | nsd | nsd | nsd | nsd | nsd | ||
D2 | A | 20 | 63.20 | p = 0.00 std er = 7.2 | p = 0.015 std er = 7.2 | nsd | nsd | |
B | 20 | 22.08 | p = 0.00 std er = 7.2 | nsd | p = 0.00 std er = 7.2 | p = 0.00 std er = 7.2 | ||
C | 20 | 40.23 | p = 0.015 std er = 7.2 | nsd | p = 0.013 std er = 7.2 | p = 0.013 std er = 7.2 | ||
D | 20 | 63.50 | nsd | p = 0.00 std er = 7.2 | p = 0.013 std er = 7.2 | nsd | ||
E | 20 | 63.50 | nsd | p = 0.00 std er = 7.2 | p = 0.013 std er = 7.2 | nsd | ||
Total | 100 | nsd | nsd | nsd | ||||
D3 | A | 20 | 58.78 | p = 0.03 std er = 7.5 | p = 0.05 std er = 7.5 | nsd | nsd | |
B | 20 | 31.78 | p = 0.03 std er = 7.5 | nsd | p = 0.03 std er = 7.5 | p = 0.00 std er = 7.5 | ||
C | 20 | 32.55 | p = 0.05 std er = 7.5 | nsd | p = 0.004 std er = 7.5 | p = 0.00 std er = 7.5 | ||
D | 20 | 70.40 | nsd | p = 0.03 std er = 7.5 | p = 0.004 std er = 7.5 | nsd | ||
E | 20 | 59.00 | nsd | p = 0.00 std er = 7.5 | p = 0.0 std er = 7.5 | nsd | ||
Total | 100 | nsd | nsd | nsd | nsd | nsd | ||
D4 | A | 20 | 47.30 | nsd | nsd | nsd | nsd | |
B | 20 | 36.90 | nsd | nsd | p = 0.006 std er = 6.95 | p = 0.006 std er = 6.95 | ||
C | 20 | 47.00 | nsd | nsd | nsd | nsd | ||
D | 20 | 60.65 | nsd | p = 0.006 std er = 6.95 | nsd | nsd | ||
E | 20 | 60.65 | nsd | p = 0.006 std er = 6.95 | nsd | nsd | ||
Total | 100 | nsd | nsd | nsd | nsd | nsd | ||
D14 | A | 20 | 48.88 | nsd | nsd | nsd | nsd | |
B | 20 | 35.63 | nsd | nsd | p = 0.00 std er = 6.13 | p = 0.00 std er = 6.13 | ||
C | 20 | 46.50 | nsd | nsd | nsd | nsd | ||
D | 20 | 60.75 | nsd | p = 0.00 std er = 6.13 | nsd | nsd | ||
E | 20 | 60.75 | nsd | p = 0.000 std er = 6.13 | nsd | nsd | ||
Total | 100 | nsd | nsd | nsd |
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Papakonstantinou, G.I.; Gougoulis, D.A.; Voulgarakis, N.; Maragkakis, G.; Galamatis, D.; Athanasiou, L.V.; Papatsiros, V.G. Effects of Injectable Administration of Dexamethasone Alone or in Combination with Vitamin E/Se in Newborn Low Birth Weight Piglets. Vet. Sci. 2023, 10, 135. https://doi.org/10.3390/vetsci10020135
Papakonstantinou GI, Gougoulis DA, Voulgarakis N, Maragkakis G, Galamatis D, Athanasiou LV, Papatsiros VG. Effects of Injectable Administration of Dexamethasone Alone or in Combination with Vitamin E/Se in Newborn Low Birth Weight Piglets. Veterinary Sciences. 2023; 10(2):135. https://doi.org/10.3390/vetsci10020135
Chicago/Turabian StylePapakonstantinou, Georgios I., Dimitrios A. Gougoulis, Nikolaos Voulgarakis, Georgios Maragkakis, Dimitrios Galamatis, Labrini V. Athanasiou, and Vasileios G. Papatsiros. 2023. "Effects of Injectable Administration of Dexamethasone Alone or in Combination with Vitamin E/Se in Newborn Low Birth Weight Piglets" Veterinary Sciences 10, no. 2: 135. https://doi.org/10.3390/vetsci10020135
APA StylePapakonstantinou, G. I., Gougoulis, D. A., Voulgarakis, N., Maragkakis, G., Galamatis, D., Athanasiou, L. V., & Papatsiros, V. G. (2023). Effects of Injectable Administration of Dexamethasone Alone or in Combination with Vitamin E/Se in Newborn Low Birth Weight Piglets. Veterinary Sciences, 10(2), 135. https://doi.org/10.3390/vetsci10020135