GC-MS Analysis and Preliminary Antimicrobial Activity of Albizia adianthifolia (Schumach) and Pterocarpus angolensis (DC)
Abstract
:1. Introduction
2. Materials and Methods
2.1. Collection of Plant Materials
2.2. Extraction Method
2.3. Procedure for GC-MS Analysis
2.4. Procedure for Antimicrobial Activity
3. Results and Discussions
3.1. GC-MS Analysis
3.1.1. GC-MS Analysis of A. adianthifolia
Species | Compd. Name/No | Mol. Formula | Mol. Wt. | NIST Match Factor: Forward, Reverse | RT (min) | Peak Area (%) | Reported Bioactivity |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
A. adianthifolia (n-hexane extract) | n-hexadecanoic acid 1 | C16H32O2 | 256 | 858, 880 | 16.65 | 34.85 | Anti-inflammatory [15], Antioxidant, hypocholesterolemic nematicide, pesticide, anti androgenic flavor, hemolytic, 5-Alpha reductase inhibitor [16], potent mosquito larvicide [17]. |
oleic acid 2 | C18H34O2 | 282 | 754, 892 | 18.27 | 6.28 | Antibacterial [18]. | |
chondrillasterol 3 | C29H48O | 412 | 805, 935 | 29.29 | 18.23 | Cytotoxicity [19]. | |
stigmasterol 4 | C29H48O | 412 | 818, 830 | 29.30 | 28.64 | Thyroid inhibitory, antiperoxidative and hypoglycemic effects [20]. | |
24S, 5α stigmast-7-en-3β-ol 5 | C29H50O | 414 | 809, 930 | 30.02 | 4.37 | Antimutagenic [21]. | |
Total = 92.37 | |||||||
A. adianthifolia (chloroform extract) | 9,12-octadecadienoic acid (Z,Z)-, methyl ester 6 | C19H34O2 | 294 | 750, 895 | 17.76 | 17.58 | Anti-cancer [22]. |
trans-13-octadecanoic acid, methyl ester 7 | C19H36O2 | 296 | 857, 907 | 17.81 | 37.23 | Anti-inflammatory, antiandrogenic, cancer preventive, dermatitigenic, irritant, antileukotriene—D4, hypocholesterolemic, 5-alpha reductase inhibitor, anemiagenic, insectifuge, flavor [23]. | |
Total = 54.81 |
3.1.2. GC-MS Analysis of P. angolensis
Species | Compd. Name/No. | Mol. Formula | Mol. Wt. | NIST Match Factor: Forward, Reverse | RT (min) | Peak Area (%) | Reported Bioactivity |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
P. angolensis (n-hexane extract) | tetradecanoic acid 8 | C14H28O2 | 228 | 835, 902 | 14.52 | 1.84 | Larvicidal and repellent activity [24]. |
hexadecanoic acid, methyl ester 9 | C17H34O2 | 270 | 879, 903 | 16.15 | 1.84 | Antibacterial and antifungal [25] | |
n-hexadecanoic acid 1 | C16H32O2 | 256 | 864, 879 | 16.70 | 10.29 | See above | |
octadecanoic acid 10 | C18H36O2 | 284 | 780, 825 | 18.48 | 5.89 | Antimicrobial activity [17]. | |
tetratriacontane 11 | C34H70 | 478 | 759, 874 | 24.79 | 31.67 | Antibacterial and antifungal [26] | |
7-dehydrodiosgenin 12 | C27H40O3 | 412 | 721, 736 | 26.59 | 9.58 | Antibacterial, antifungal,, antioxidant, cytotoxic [27,28] | |
lupeol 13 | C30H50O | 426 | 832, 897 | 30.48 | 6.54 | Anti-inflammatory activity [29], Anti-cancer [30]. | |
stigmasta-3,5-dien-7-one 14 | C29H46O | 410 | 817, 864 | 30.66 | 7.13 | Free radical scavenging? Anti-diabetic, anticancer? [31,32] | |
friedelan-3-one 15 | C30H50O | 426 | 882, 903 | 32.91 | 2.56 | Antibacterial, antifungal, anti-inflammatory, analgesic, antipyretic, antihypertensive [33,34] | |
Total = 77.34 | |||||||
P. angolensis (chloroform extract) | * 1-octacosanol 16 | C28H58O | 410 | 837, 918 813, 891 | 26.44 28.61 | 37.73 62.27 | Antioxidant [35]. |
Total = 100 |
3.2. Structure Elucidation of Compound 16
Position | δH(ppm) | δC (ppm) |
---|---|---|
1 | 3.69, 2H, br s * | 63.1 |
2 | 2.22, 2H, s * | 32.9 |
3 | 1.63, 2H, s * | 32.0 |
4–27 | 1.35–1.30, 49H, s | 29.7–22.7 |
28 | 0.93, 3H, t, (6.6) | 14.1 |
3.3. Result for the Preliminary Antimicrobial Assay
Species | Part | Extract | Microbial Strains and MIQ (μg) | ||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Gram+ve Bacteria | Gram−ve Bacteria | Fungus | |||||
E. coli | P. aeruginosa | B. subtilis | S. aureus | C. albicans | |||
A. adianthifolia | heartwood | n-hexane | 1 | 50 | 50 | 50 | >100 |
A. adianthifolia | heartwood | Chloroform | 1 | 50 | 50 | 50 | >100 |
P. angolensis | stem bark | n-hexane | >100 | >100 | 100 | >100 | 100 |
P. angolensis | stem bark | Chloroform | >100 | >100 | 50 | >100 | 100 |
Chloramphenicol | 0.50 | 10 | 0.25 | 0.50 | N.A | ||
Miconazole | N.A | N.A | N.A | N.A | 0.25 |
4. Conclusions
Supplementary Materials
Acknowledgments
Author Contributions
Conflicts of Interest
References
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Abubakar, M.N.; Majinda, R.R.T. GC-MS Analysis and Preliminary Antimicrobial Activity of Albizia adianthifolia (Schumach) and Pterocarpus angolensis (DC). Medicines 2016, 3, 3. https://doi.org/10.3390/medicines3010003
Abubakar MN, Majinda RRT. GC-MS Analysis and Preliminary Antimicrobial Activity of Albizia adianthifolia (Schumach) and Pterocarpus angolensis (DC). Medicines. 2016; 3(1):3. https://doi.org/10.3390/medicines3010003
Chicago/Turabian StyleAbubakar, Mustapha N., and Runner R. T. Majinda. 2016. "GC-MS Analysis and Preliminary Antimicrobial Activity of Albizia adianthifolia (Schumach) and Pterocarpus angolensis (DC)" Medicines 3, no. 1: 3. https://doi.org/10.3390/medicines3010003