Investigations Concerning Heavy Metals Dynamics in Reynoutria japonica Houtt.-Soil Interactions
Abstract
:1. Introduction
2. Materials and Methods
2.1. Sites Description
2.2. Soil Sampling and Analysis
2.3. Plant Sampling and Analysis
2.4. Calculations and Data Statistical Analysis
2.4.1. HM Dynamics in Reynoutria japonica Houtt.–Soil Interactions
2.4.2. Statistical Analysis
3. Results
3.1. Soil Chemical Composition and Content in Heavy Metal
3.2. HMs Contents in Plant Tissues
3.3. HM Dynamics in Reynoutria japonica Houtt.-Soil Interactions
Translocation Factor Assessment
- ▪
- for Cu: Urbis > Colonia Topitorilor > Romplumb > Craica > Ferneziu;
- ▪
- for Pb: Romplumb > Urbis = Craica > Ferneziu > Colonia Topitorilor;
- ▪
- for Zn: Craica > Urbis > Romplumb > Ferneziu > Colonia Topitorilor.
4. Discussion
5. Conclusions
Author Contributions
Funding
Institutional Review Board Statement
Informed Consent Statement
Data Availability Statement
Acknowledgments
Conflicts of Interest
References
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No. | Experimental Site | Type of Habitat | Soil Type | RJ Coverage |
---|---|---|---|---|
1 | Romplumb | Brownfield, riparian ecosystem | Anthropic protosoil (anthropic/urban soil) | 50% |
2 | Ferneziu | Brownfield, riparian ecosystem | Anthropic protosoil (anthropic/urban soil) | 65% |
3 | Colonia Topitorilor | Brownfield, riparian ecosystem | Anthropic protosoil (anthropic/urban soil) | 40% |
4 | Urbis | Brownfield, riparian ecosystem | Anthropic protosoil (anthropic/urban soil) | 80% |
5 | Craica | Brownfield, riparian ecosystem | Anthropic protosoil (anthropic/urban soil) | 20% |
Indicator | Experimental Site | ||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|
Romplumb | Ferneziu | Colonia Topitorilor | Urbis | Craica | |
pH (H2O) | 5.26 ± 0.01 cd | 6.31 ± 0.01 b | 5.52 ± 0.01 c | 7.31 ± 0.01 a | 4.84 ± 0.01 d |
Organic C (%) | 0.67 ± 0.007 e | 6.86 ± 0.3 a | 0.88 ± 0.005 d | 3.42 ± 0.1 b | 2.12 ± 0.005 c |
N (%) | 0.057 ± 0.005 c | 0.621 ± 0.00 a | 0.054 ± 0.002 c | 0.218 ± 0.02 b | 0.204 ± 0.01 b |
Mobile P (ppm) | 2 ± 0.01 c | 70 ± 2.31 b | 4 ± 1.01 c | 552 ± 9.2 a | 1 ± 0.001 c |
Clay (0–2 μm; %) | 32.52 ± 3.16 a | 17.65 ± 3.80 b | 33.85 ± 6.35 a | 24.95 ± 5.15 a | 35.95 ± 7.25 a |
Fine sand (50–200 μm; %) | 29.91 ± 8.52 a | 32.54 ± 4.65 a | 29.93 ± 3.81 a | 36.24 ± 6.26 a | 24.95 ± 6.06 a |
Coarse sand (200–2000 μm; %) | 15.29 ± 4.81 b | 34.66 ± 5.76 a | 11.97 ± 2.07 bc | 19.89 ± 2.60 b | 5.1 ± 1.1 c |
Indicator | Experimental Site | ||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|
Romplumb | Ferneziu | Colonia Topitorilor | Urbis | Craica | |
Cd (root) | 10.5 ± 1.30 bc | 17.9 ± 4.52 a | 11.1 ± 1.71 bc | 11.3 ± 3.94 b | 17.3 ± 5.68 a |
Cd (stem) | 13.3 ± 1.52 b | 22.0 ± 5.29 a | 14.0 ± 2.00 b | 14.3 ± 4.61 b | 20.28 ± 6.65 a |
Cd (leaf) | 15.3 ± 2.08 c | 22.0 ± 4.58 b | 24.0 ± 7.21 b | 14.0 ± 3.60 c | 40.9 ± 13.41 a |
Cu (root) | 98.4 ± 7.16 b | 90.6 ± 2.06 c | 59.1 ± 3.86 e | 70.4 ± 1.92 d | 140.6 ± 3.05 a |
Cu (stem) | 51.3 ± 1.52 b | 43.0 ± 1.00 c | 42.0 ± 2.00 c | 51.66 ± 2.88 b | 71.7 ± 1.55 a |
Cu (leaf) | 55.0 ± 4.00 c | 50.6 ± 1.15 c | 81.0 ± 5.29 b | 92.3 ± 2.51 a | 78.58 ± 1.70 b |
Pb (root) | 208.9 ± 3.37 a | 106.2 ± 2.27 d | 121.1 ± 10.44 c | 103.2 ± 11.62 d | 156.6 ± 7.63 b |
Pb (stem) | 122.6 ± 11.01 a | 30.3 ± 1.52 c | 25.3 ± 3.21 c | 30.33 ± 3.51 c | 45.6 ± 2.51 b |
Pb (leaf) | 42.6 ± 1.52 c | 20.6 ± 0.57 d | 14.3 ± 0.57 e | 57.0 ± 6.42 b | 86.0 ± 4.21 a |
Zn (root) | 828.0 ± 8.18 a | 399.7 ± 13.90 e | 658.0 ± 6.55 b | 535.3 ± 9.86 d | 568.6 ± 6.86 c |
Zn (stem) | 587.2 ± 5.80 a | 204.6 ± 2.18 e | 284.8 ± 2.83 d | 473.7 ± 8.73 c | 498.3 ± 5.97 b |
Zn (leaf) | 700.3 ± 13.57 a | 223.3 ± 7.76 e | 352.6 ± 3.78 d | 626.3 ± 14.15 c | 642.5 ± 7.69 b |
Indicator | Experimental Site | ||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|
Romplumb | Ferneziu | Colonia Topitorilor | Urbis | Craica | |
Cd | 1.27 ± 0.18 a | 1.25 ± 0.18 a | 1.27 ± 0.17 a | 1.31 ± 0.24 a | 1.17 ± 0.01 a |
Cu | 0.52 ± 0.05 b | 0.47 ± 0.01 bc | 0.70 ± 0.03 a | 0.72 ± 0.01 a | 0.51 ± 0.02 bc |
Pb | 0.58 ± 0.06 a | 0.28 ± 0.01 bc | 0.20 ± 0.01 c | 0.29 ± 0.03 b | 0.29 ± 0.06 b |
Zn | 0.70 ± 0.04 c | 0.50 ± 0.02 d | 0.43 ± 0.02 d | 0.88 ± 0.03 a | 0.87 ± 0.03 a |
Indicator | Experimental Site | ||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|
Romplumb | Ferneziu | Colonia Topitorilor | Urbis | Craica | |
Cd (root) | 0.87 ± 1.00 a | 0.89 ± 0.22 a | 0.84 ± 0.13 a | 0.94 ± 0.35 a | 1.92 ± 0.68 b |
Cd (stem) | 1.11 ± 0.12 b | 1.10 ± 0.13 b | 1.06 ± 0.07 b | 1.14 ± 0.23 b | 2.25 ± 0.73 a |
Cd (leaf) | 1.27 ± 0.17 b | 1.10 ± 0.22 b | 1.83 ± 0.55 b | 1.12 ± 0.28 b | 4.54 ± 1.48 a |
Cu (root) | 0.33 ± 0.02 c | 0.11± 0.01 d | 0.44 ± 0.03 b | 0.12 ± 0.00 d | 0.66 ± 0.01 a |
Cu (stem) | 0.17 ± 0.00 b | 0.05 ± 0.03 c | 0.31 ± 0.01 a | 0.09 ± 0.02 c | 0.33 ± 0.01 a |
Cu (leaf) | 0.18 ± 0.01 c | 0.06 ± 0.02 d | 0.61 ± 0.04 a | 0.16 ± 0.00 c | 0.37 ± 0.01 b |
Pb (root) | 0.30 ± 0.01 b | 0.03 ±0.01 c | 0.44 ± 0.03 a | 0.05 ± 0.01 c | 0.44 ± 0.05 a |
Pb (stem) | 0.17 ± 0.01 b | 0.03 ±0.02 c | 0.08 ±0.01 b | 0.01 ± 0.00 bc | 0.12 ± 0.00 a |
Pb (leaf) | 0.06 ± 0.02 c | 0.01 ±0.00 d | 0.06 ±0.02 e | 0.02 ± 0.00 b | 0.24 ± 0.05 a |
Zn (root) | 1.11 ± 0.018 c | 0.26 ± 0.01 e | 1.74 ± 0.05 b | 0.43 ± 0.02 d | 2.68 ± 0.06 a |
Zn (stem) | 0.78 ± 0.08 b | 0.13 ± 0.01 d | 0.75 ± 0.05 b | 0.38 ± 0.03 c | 2.35 ± 5.97 a |
Zn (leaf) | 0.93 ± 0.02 b | 0.14 ± 0.00 d | 0.93 ± 0.01 b | 0.51 ± 0.01 c | 3.03 ± 0.30 a |
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Vidican, R.; Mihăiescu, T.; Pleșa, A.; Mălinaș, A.; Pop, B.-A. Investigations Concerning Heavy Metals Dynamics in Reynoutria japonica Houtt.-Soil Interactions. Toxics 2023, 11, 323. https://doi.org/10.3390/toxics11040323
Vidican R, Mihăiescu T, Pleșa A, Mălinaș A, Pop B-A. Investigations Concerning Heavy Metals Dynamics in Reynoutria japonica Houtt.-Soil Interactions. Toxics. 2023; 11(4):323. https://doi.org/10.3390/toxics11040323
Chicago/Turabian StyleVidican, Roxana, Tania Mihăiescu, Anca Pleșa, Anamaria Mălinaș, and Bianca-Alexandra Pop. 2023. "Investigations Concerning Heavy Metals Dynamics in Reynoutria japonica Houtt.-Soil Interactions" Toxics 11, no. 4: 323. https://doi.org/10.3390/toxics11040323