Modulatory Role of Autophagy in Metformin Therapeutic Activity toward Doxorubicin-Induced Nephrotoxicity
Abstract
:1. Introduction
2. Results
2.1. Prophylactic Effect of Met on DOX-Induced Changes on Kidney and Body Weights
2.2. Prophylactic Effect of Met on DOX-Induced Changes on Serum Creatinine and Urea Levels
2.3. Prophylactic Effect of Met on DOX-Induced Changes on Histopathological Picture
2.4. Protective Effect of Met on DOX-Induced Changes on Renal Neutrophil Gelatinase-Associated Lipocalin (NGAL) Content
2.5. Prophylactic Effect of Met on DOX-Induced Changes on Renal Malondialdehyde (MDA), Total Antioxidant Capacity (TAC), and 8-hydroxy-2′-deoxyguanosine (8-OHdG) Contents
2.6. Prophylactic Effect of Met on DOX-Induced Inflammation
2.7. Prophylactic Effect of Met on Renal LC3B and Beclin-1 Expression
2.8. Hierarchical Clustering Heatmap and Variable Important Project (VIP) Score
3. Discussion
4. Materials and Methods
4.1. Drugs
4.2. Animal Study
4.3. Assessment of Kidney Function Tests
4.4. Assessment of NGAL
4.5. Assessment of Oxidant/Antioxidant Status Biomarkers in Tissue
4.6. Assessment of Beclin-1 and IL-1β Contents in Tissue
4.7. Histopathology and Immunohistochemistry of NF-κB/P65 and LC3B Protein
4.8. Statistical Analyses
5. Conclusions
Author Contributions
Funding
Institutional Review Board Statement
Informed Consent Statement
Data Availability Statement
Acknowledgments
Conflicts of Interest
References
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Antar, S.A.; Abd-Elsalam, M.; Abdo, W.; Abdeen, A.; Abdo, M.; Fericean, L.; Raslan, N.A.; Ibrahim, S.F.; Sharif, A.F.; Elalfy, A.; et al. Modulatory Role of Autophagy in Metformin Therapeutic Activity toward Doxorubicin-Induced Nephrotoxicity. Toxics 2023, 11, 273. https://doi.org/10.3390/toxics11030273
Antar SA, Abd-Elsalam M, Abdo W, Abdeen A, Abdo M, Fericean L, Raslan NA, Ibrahim SF, Sharif AF, Elalfy A, et al. Modulatory Role of Autophagy in Metformin Therapeutic Activity toward Doxorubicin-Induced Nephrotoxicity. Toxics. 2023; 11(3):273. https://doi.org/10.3390/toxics11030273
Chicago/Turabian StyleAntar, Samar A., Marwa Abd-Elsalam, Walied Abdo, Ahmed Abdeen, Mohamed Abdo, Liana Fericean, Nahed A. Raslan, Samah F. Ibrahim, Asmaa F. Sharif, Amira Elalfy, and et al. 2023. "Modulatory Role of Autophagy in Metformin Therapeutic Activity toward Doxorubicin-Induced Nephrotoxicity" Toxics 11, no. 3: 273. https://doi.org/10.3390/toxics11030273