Health-Promoting Properties of Lacticaseibacillus paracasei: A Focus on Kefir Isolates and Exopolysaccharide-Producing Strains
Abstract
:1. Introduction
2. Lacticaseibacillus paracasei: A Tour through the Evolution of Taxonomical Classification
3. Identification and Classification of Lacticaseibacillus paracasei
4. Lacticaseibacillus paracasei Health-Promoting Properties and the Effector Molecules Associated
5. Exopolysaccharides as Effector Molecules Associated to Lacticaseibacillus paracasei Health Benefits
6. Conclusions
Author Contributions
Funding
Institutional Review Board Statement
Informed Consent Statement
Data Availability Statement
Conflicts of Interest
References
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L. paracasei Strain | Origin | Health Functional Properties | Biological Activity * | Reference |
---|---|---|---|---|
Lpc-37® | DuPont de Nemours, Inc. trademark | Stress, mood and well-being modulation | Reduction of perceived stress and improvement of biomarkers related to stress in a clinical trial. | [13] |
GKS6 | Healthy infant feces | Antioxidant activity | Delay in the aging process in mice by enhancement of antioxidants activity, resulting in lower oxidative damage. | [50] |
KBL 382 | Korean healthy feces | Anti-inflammatory activity—Microbiota modulation | Reduction of INF-γ, IL-4, IL-6, TNF and IL-17A levels and increase of anti-inflammatory cytokine IL-10 and CD4+CD25+Foxp3+ T regulatory cells in mesenteric lymph nodes levels. Improvement of cell tight junction and mucus thickness. Increase in bacterial diversity of fecal microbiota. | [51] |
Ameliorates atopic dermatitis—Immunomodulatory activity—Microbiota modulation | Decrease in T helper cytokines and increase IL-10 and TGF-β production in skin tissue. Increase in the proportion of CD4+ CD25+ Foxp3+ T regulatory cells in mesenteric lymph nodes and changes in the composition of gut microbiota of oral treated mice. | [52] | ||
28.4 | Oral cavity of a caries-free individual | Immunomodulatory activity | Bacteria cells have antifungal activity against planktonic cells, biofilms and persisted cells of Candida auris. | [53] |
Postbiotic elements (free-cell supernatant) inhibit C. auris in vitro and protect Galleria mellonella infected with C. auris enhancing its immune status. | ||||
L1 | Sweet potato sour liquid | Microbiota modulation | Increase in the abundance of functions related to carbohydrate and protein metabolism and fatty acid biosynthesis in the intestinal microbiota. Improvement in the growth performance of chicken. | [54] |
FZU103 | Traditional Hongqu rice wine | Improvement of lipid metabolism | Regulation of lipid metabolic pathways of pathogen free mice feed with high fat diet (fatty acid degradation, fatty acid elongation, unsaturated fatty acids biosynthesis, glycerolipid, glycerophospholipid and arachidonic acid metabolism, primary bile acid biosynthesis and riboflavin metabolism). Regulation of the expression of hepatic genes involved in lipid metabolism and bile acid homeostasis and promotion of fecal excretion of bile acids. | [55] |
B-14 | Traditional fermented dairy product | Antiproliferative—Proapoptotic effects | Downregulation or upregulation of key genes in the cell proliferation, cell survival and intrinsic and extrinsic apoptosis pathways. | [56] |
ZFM54 | New-born infant’s feces | Protection against foodborne pathogens | In vitro inhibition of Salmonella typhimurium, Micrococcus luteus and Listeria monocytogenes by production of a pore forming bacteriocin ZFM54. | [57] |
M7 | Human breast milk | Hypocholesterolemic—Antioxidant activity—Protection against pathogens | Antibiofilm potential of EPS against several human pathogens. | [58] |
NTU 101 | Human feces | Immunomodulatory—Antioxidant activity | Induction of pro-inflammatory molecules (nitric oxide, IL-6, TNFα and IL-1β) and phagocytic activity in murine macrophages Raw 264.7. Antioxidant activity (scavenging of 1,1-Diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl radicals, inhibition of linoleic acid peroxidation, reducing power, chelating ability on ferrous ions). | [59] |
M5L | Kumiss | Antiproliferative activity | Apoptotic effect on human colorectal adenocarcinoma cell line HT-29 mediated by induction of oxidative stress and endoplasmic reticulum stress. | [60] |
DG | Commercial product | Immunomodulatory activity | Induction of pro-inflammatory cytokines TNF α, IL-6 and the chemokines IL-8 and CCL20 in human monocytic cell line THP-1. | [49] |
IJH SONE | Fig leaf | Anti-inflammatory activity | Anti-inflammatory effect mediated by inhibition of hyaluronidase activity. | [61] |
Antiallergenic activity | Antiallergenic effect evidenced by oral and topic administration against contact dermatitis in mice. | [62] | ||
LB-8 | Feces | Modulation of intestinal microbiota | Bifidogenic effect in vitro. | [63] |
CIDCA 8339, 83120, 83121, 83123, 83124 | Kefir grains (Argentine) | Protection against pathogens | Adhesion to Caco-2 cells and prevention of Salmonella association/invasion in vitro depending on surface properties of the strain. | [64] |
CIDCA83123, 83124, 8339 | Kefir grains (Argentine) | Immunomodulatory activity | Modulation of the intestinal epithelial innate immune response by viable whole cell. | [65] |
Immunomodulatory activity | Fermented milk supernatants downregulate the induced innate immune response in intestinal and gastric cells, with lactate as the metabolite responsible of this effect. | [12,66] | ||
CIDCA 83124, 8339 | Kefir grains (Argentine) | Microbiota modulation and changes in SCFA profile | EPS 8339 and EPS 83124 modify the microbiota by reducing the enterobacteria and increasing the production of propionic and butyric acid. | [67] |
CIDCA 8339 | Kefir grains (Argentine) | Gastroprotection | Adhesion to AGS gastric cell line. The strain consumption shows a gastroprotective effect in an acute gastritis murine model. | [66] |
Ž2 | Kefir grains (Tibet) | Immunomodulatory activity | Increase in the proportion of all T cells (CD3+), CD4+ lymphocytes and the ratio of CD4+:CD8+ cells in vivo and increase in the gene expression for mucins (MUC-1 and MUC-2) and IgA at intestinal level. | [43] |
KL1-Liu | Kefir grains (Tibet) | Protection against pathogens | Mixed probiotic of L. paracasei KL1-Liu (EPS producer) and L. plantarum Zhang-LL reduces the mortality of pullorosis in chicks. | [68] |
MRS59 | Kefir grains (Brazil) | Adhesion to intestinal epithelial cells | Adhesion to human Caco-2 epithelial cells, bacteriocin production. | [42] |
Antimicrobial-Antioxidant activity | Antagonistic activity against food pathogens by bacteriocin-like inhibitory substance and antioxidative activity of cell extract. | |||
FX6 | Kefir grains (Tibet) | Antimicrobial activity | Bacteriostatic effect on Pseudomonas putida due to the increase of bacterial membrane permeability and ability of the antimicrobial substance to affect the synthesis of protein and bind to genomic DNA. | [69] |
Antimicrobial activity | Bacteriocin F1 with a wide antimicrobial spectrum. | [38] | ||
Antimicrobial activity | Antibacterial effect on Serratia in chicken breast during refrigerated storage. | [70] | ||
LAB2, LAB4 | Kefir grains (Iran) | Protection against pathogens | Neutralized cell-free supernatant inhibits the growth and the biofilm formation by uropathogenic E. coli. | [37] |
SP5 | Kefir grains (Russia) | Antiproliferative activity | Reduction of cancer cell proliferation in vitro in a time- and concentration-dependent manner. | [40] |
SP5 | Antioxidant activity | Fermentation metabolites produced by the breakdown of anthocyanins and other larger-in-size phenolic compounds present in chokeberry juice, leading to increased levels of total phenol content. | [71] | |
AGR4 | Kefir grains (Greece) | Antiproliferative activity | Time- and dose-dependent antiproliferative activity of HT-29 cells and human melanoma cell line A375. | [41] |
LMG R40086, LMG R39998, LMG R40122, LMG R40006 | Water kefir grains(Belgium) | Adhesion to intestinal epithelial cells | Adhesion ability to Caco-2 cells. | [64] |
CT12 | Water kefir grains (Mexico) | Antimicrobial-Antioxidative activity | Antimicrobial, antifungal and antioxidant capacity of cell-free supernatant. | [39] |
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Bengoa, A.A.; Dardis, C.; Garrote, G.L.; Abraham, A.G. Health-Promoting Properties of Lacticaseibacillus paracasei: A Focus on Kefir Isolates and Exopolysaccharide-Producing Strains. Foods 2021, 10, 2239. https://doi.org/10.3390/foods10102239
Bengoa AA, Dardis C, Garrote GL, Abraham AG. Health-Promoting Properties of Lacticaseibacillus paracasei: A Focus on Kefir Isolates and Exopolysaccharide-Producing Strains. Foods. 2021; 10(10):2239. https://doi.org/10.3390/foods10102239
Chicago/Turabian StyleBengoa, Ana Agustina, Carolina Dardis, Graciela L. Garrote, and Analía G. Abraham. 2021. "Health-Promoting Properties of Lacticaseibacillus paracasei: A Focus on Kefir Isolates and Exopolysaccharide-Producing Strains" Foods 10, no. 10: 2239. https://doi.org/10.3390/foods10102239