The New Generation of Professional Soccer Talent Is Born under the Bias of the RAE: Relative Age Effect in International Male Youth Soccer Championships
Abstract
:1. Introduction
2. Materials and Methods
2.1. Participants
2.2. Procedure and Data Analysis
3. Results
4. Discussion
5. Conclusions
Author Contributions
Funding
Institutional Review Board Statement
Informed Consent Statement
Data Availability Statement
Conflicts of Interest
References
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Category | Measure | Q1 | Q2 | Q3 | Q4 | Se1 | Se2 |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Euro U-21 | n | 87 | 80 | 52 | 44 | 167 | 96 |
% | 33.1 | 30.4 | 19.8 | 16.7 | 63.5 | 36.5 | |
Euro U-19 | n | 67 | 41 | 32 | 19 | 108 | 51 |
% | 42.1 | 25.8 | 20.2 | 11.9 | 67.9 | 32.1 | |
Conmebol U-20 | n | 101 | 56 | 52 | 23 | 157 | 75 |
% | 43.5 | 24.1 | 22.5 | 9.9 | 67.6 | 32.4 | |
World Cup U-20 | n | 62 | 45 | 39 | 22 | 107 | 61 |
% | 36.9 | 26.8 | 23.2 | 13.1 | 63.7 | 36.3 | |
All players | n | 317 | 222 | 175 | 108 | 539 | 28.3 |
% | 38.6 | 27.0 | 21.3 | 13.1 | 65.6 | 34.4 |
Position | Measure | Euro U-21 (n = 263) | Euro U-19 (n = 159) | Conmebol U-20 (n = 233) | World Cup U-20 (n = 168) |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
Overall (n = 823) | WB | 23 ± 15 | 20 ± 14 | 20 ± 14 | 22 ± 14 |
tB | 0.43 ± 0.28 | 0.38 ± 0.27 | 0.38 ± 0.27 | 0.41 ± 0.27 | |
b0 | 2.015 | 1.751 | 2.143 | 1.669 | |
b1 | −0.849 | −1.436 | −1.461 | −1.090 | |
ID | 2.34 | 4.20 | 4.31 | 2.97 | |
R2 | 0.76 | 0.59 | 0.48 | 0.72 | |
p value | <0.001 | <0.001 | <0.001 | <0.001 | |
Goalkeeper (n = 107) | WB | 16 ± 12 | 27 ± 13 | 23 ± 15 | 21 ± 15 |
tB | 0.30 ± 0.24 | 0.52 ± 0.26 | 0.44 ± 0.30 | 0.39 ± 0.29 | |
b0 | 0.707 | −1.274 | −0.167 | −0.174 | |
b1 | −2.741 | 0.188 | −0.748 | −1.347 | |
ID | 15.50 | 0.83 | 2.11 | 3.85 | |
R2 | 0.76 | 0.99 | 0.95 | 0.85 | |
p value | <0.001 | 0.829 | 0.236 | 0.068 | |
Defender (n = 266) | WB | 24 ± 14 | 19 ± 14 | 19 ± 13 | 22 ± 13 |
tB | 0.45 ± 0.26 | 0.37 ± 0.27 | 0.36 ± 0.25 | 0.41 ± 0.25 | |
b0 | 0.725 | 0.671 | 1.134 | 0.621 | |
b1 | −0.592 | −1.694 | −1.724 | −1.087 | |
ID | 1.81 | 5.44 | 5.61 | 2.97 | |
R2 | 0.94 | 0.70 | −0.65 | 0.85 | |
p value | 0.127 | <0.001 | <0.001 | 0.019 | |
Midfielder (n = 277) | WB | 23 ± 15 | 21 ± 14 | 20 ± 13 | 24 ± 15 |
tB | 0.44 ± 0.28 | 0.39 ± 0.27 | 0.38 ± 0.24 | 0.44 ± 0.28 | |
b0 | 0.973 | 0.732 | 0.915 | 0.290 | |
b1 | −0.699 | −1.365 | −1.434 | −0.698 | |
ID | 2.01 | 3.92 | 4.20 | 2.01 | |
R2 | 0.91 | 0.79 | 0.73 | 0.94 | |
p value | 0.047 | 0.004 | <0.001 | 0.159 | |
Forward (n = 173) | WB | 25 ± 16 | 18 ± 14 | 20 ± 16 | 20 ± 14 |
tB | 0.47 ± 0.30 | 0.34 ± 0.27 | 0.38 ± 0.31 | 0.38 ± 0.27 | |
b0 | 0.065 | 0.450 | 0.751 | 0.263 | |
b1 | −0.342 | −2.022 | −1.551 | −1.501 | |
ID | 1.41 | 7.55 | 4.72 | 4.49 | |
R2 | 0.98 | 0.65 | 0.73 | 0.78 | |
p value | 0.500 | 0.002 | 0.002 | 0.015 |
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Pérez-González, B.; León-Quismondo, J.; Bonal, J.; Burillo, P.; Fernández-Luna, Á. The New Generation of Professional Soccer Talent Is Born under the Bias of the RAE: Relative Age Effect in International Male Youth Soccer Championships. Children 2021, 8, 1117. https://doi.org/10.3390/children8121117
Pérez-González B, León-Quismondo J, Bonal J, Burillo P, Fernández-Luna Á. The New Generation of Professional Soccer Talent Is Born under the Bias of the RAE: Relative Age Effect in International Male Youth Soccer Championships. Children. 2021; 8(12):1117. https://doi.org/10.3390/children8121117
Chicago/Turabian StylePérez-González, Benito, Jairo León-Quismondo, José Bonal, Pablo Burillo, and Álvaro Fernández-Luna. 2021. "The New Generation of Professional Soccer Talent Is Born under the Bias of the RAE: Relative Age Effect in International Male Youth Soccer Championships" Children 8, no. 12: 1117. https://doi.org/10.3390/children8121117