Preference of Dental Practitioners toward the Use of Local and Topical Anesthetics for Pediatric Patients in Saudi Arabia: A Cross-Sectional Survey
Abstract
:1. Introduction
2. Materials and Methods
3. Results
4. Discussion
5. Conclusions
Author Contributions
Funding
Institutional Review Board Statement
Informed Consent Statement
Data Availability Statement
Acknowledgments
Conflicts of Interest
References
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Questions | Responses |
---|---|
What kind of local anesthesia do you most commonly use? | |
Articaine | 1.5% |
Bupivacaine | 0.7% |
Lidocaine | 92.3% |
Mepivacaine | 4.4% |
Prilocaine | 1.1% |
When deciding on the dose of the local anesthetic you administer, what is the most important thing you consider? | |
Age and weight | 0.4% |
Duration of treatment | 10.6% |
Estimated child size | 2.2% |
Medical history | 0.7% |
One cartridge is given for all patients | 6.2% |
Patient’s medical status | 0.4% |
Precise age in years | 8.8% |
Precise body weight | 57.7% |
The level of difficulty of the procedure | 12.8% |
Weight and child size and level of difficulty | 0.4% |
What needle gauge do you use most of the time for infiltration? | |
25 gauge | 35.4% |
27 gauge | 46.4% |
30 gauge | 17.2% |
Other | 1% |
What needle gauge do you use most of the time for blocks? | |
25 gauge | 21.9% |
27 gauge | 63.9% |
30 gauge | 13.1% |
Other | 1.2% |
What length of needle do you use most of the time for infiltration? | |
Long | 2.9% |
Short | 93.4% |
Ultrashort | 3.6% |
Other | 0 |
What length of needle do you use most of the time for blocks? | |
Long | 83.2% |
Short | 16.4% |
Ultrashort | 0.4% |
Other | 0% |
How long does it take you to inject a full cartridge of a local anesthetic solution? | |
10 s or less | 8.8% |
11–20 s | 31.4% |
21–30 s | 25.9% |
31–60 s | 27.0% |
61 s or more | 6.9% |
Questions | Responses | Female | Male | p-Value |
---|---|---|---|---|
What kind of local anesthesia do you most commonly use? | Articaine | 1.7% | 1.0% | 0.06 |
Bupivacaine | 0.6% | 1.0% | ||
Lidocaine | 91.3% | 94.1% | ||
Mepivacaine | 4.7% | 3.9% | ||
Prilocaine | 1.7% | 0.0% | ||
When deciding on the dose of the local anesthetic you administer, what is the most important thing you consider? | Age and weight | 0.0% | 1.0% | 0.16 |
Duration of treatment | 10.5% | 10.8% | ||
Estimated child size | 2.9% | 1.0% | ||
Medical history | 0.6% | 1.0% | ||
One cartridge is given for all patients | 5.8% | 6.9% | ||
Patient’s medical status | 0.0% | 1.0% | ||
Precise age in years | 5.8% | 13.7% | ||
Precise body weight | 58.1% | 56.9% | ||
The level of difficulty of the procedure | 15.7% | 7.8% | ||
Weight and child size and level of difficulty | 0.6% | 0.0% | ||
What needle gauge do you use most of the time for infiltration? | 25 gauge | 33.7% | 38.2% | 0.64 |
27 gauge | 45.3% | 48.0% | ||
30 gauge | 19.2% | 13.7% | ||
Other | 1.8% | 0.0% | ||
What needle gauge do you use most of the time for blocks? | 25 gauge | 19.8% | 25.5% | 0.26 |
27 gauge | 68.0% | 56.9% | ||
30 gauge | 10.5% | 17.6% | ||
Other | 1.8% | 0.0% | ||
What length of needle do you use most of the time for infiltration? | Long | 2.3% | 3.9% | 0.22 |
Short | 95.3% | 90.2% | ||
Ultrashort | 2.3% | 5.9% | ||
What length of needle do you use most of the time for blocks? | Long | 88.4% | 74.5% | 0.006 * |
Short | 11.0% | 25.5% | ||
Ultrashort | 0.6% | 0.0% | ||
How long does it take you to inject a full cartridge of a local anesthetic solution? | 10 s or less | 9.3% | 7.8% | 0.87 |
11–20 s | 31.4% | 31.4% | ||
21–30 s | 27.3% | 23.5% | ||
31–60 s | 25.0% | 30.4% | ||
>60 s | 7.0% | 6.9% |
Questions | Responses | Consultants | General Dentists | Specialist | p-Value |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
What kind of local anesthesia do you most commonly use? | Articaine | 0.0% | 1.7% | 0.0% | 0.81 |
Bupivacaine | 0.0% | 0.4% | 2.8% | ||
Lidocaine | 100.0% | 91.7% | 94.4% | ||
Mepivacaine | 0.0% | 4.8% | 2.8% | ||
Prilocaine | 0.0% | 1.3% | 0.0% | ||
When deciding on the dose of the local anesthetic you administer, what is the most important thing you consider? | Age and weight | 0.0% | 0.4% | 0.0% | 0.12 |
Duration of treatment | 12.5% | 10.4% | 11.1% | ||
Estimated child size | 0.0% | 2.6% | 0.0% | ||
Medical history | 0.0% | .4% | 2.8% | ||
One cartridge is given for all patients | 0.0% | 5.7% | 11.1% | ||
Patient’s medical status | 0.0% | 0.4% | 0.0% | ||
Precise age in years | 50.0% | 8.3% | 2.8% | ||
Precise body weight | 25.0% | 58.3% | 61.1% | ||
The level of difficulty of the procedure | 12.5% | 13.0% | 11.1% | ||
Weight and child size and level of difficulty | 0.0% | 0.4% | 0.0% | ||
What needle gauge do you use most of the time for? (infiltration) | 25 gauge | 62.5% | 35.7% | 27.8% | 0.01 |
27 gauge | 0.0% | 47.4% | 50.0% | ||
30 gauge | 37.5% | 16.5% | 16.7% | ||
Other | 0.0 | 0.4 | 5.6 | ||
What needle gauge do you use most of the time for? (blocks) | 25 gauge | 62.5% | 21.3% | 16.7% | 0.00 * |
27 gauge | 0.0% | 66.5% | 61.1% | ||
30 gauge | 37.5% | 11.7% | 16.7% | ||
Other | 0.0 | 0.4 | 5.6 | ||
What length of needle do you use most of the time for? (infiltration) | Long | 25.0% | 2.6% | 0.0% | 0.00 * |
Short | 50.0% | 93.9% | 100.0% | ||
Ultrashort | 25.0% | 3.5% | 0.0% | ||
What length of needle do you use most of the time for? (blocks) | Long | 87.5% | 87.4% | 55.6% | 0.00 * |
Short | 12.5% | 12.6% | 41.7% | ||
Ultrashort | 0.0% | 0.0% | 2.8% | ||
How long does it take you to inject a full cartridge of a local anesthetic solution? | 10 s or less | 37.5% | 7.4% | 11.1% | 0.00 * |
11–20 s | 0.0% | 34.3% | 19.4% | ||
21–30 s | 25.0% | 27.8% | 13.9% | ||
31–60 s | 12.5% | 25.2% | 41.7% | ||
61 s or more | 25.0% | 5.2% | 13.9% |
Questions | Responses |
---|---|
How often do you use a topical anesthetic (gel, spray, liquid, etc.)? | |
Always | 65.7% |
Never | 1.1% |
Rarely | 6.6% |
Sometimes | 26.6% |
What form of topical anesthetic do you commonly use? | |
Gel | 88.3% |
Liquid | 1.8% |
Ointment | 0.7% |
spray | 9.1% |
Patch | 0.0% |
What kind of topical anesthetic agent do you commonly use? | |
Benzocaine | 68.2% |
Compounded topical anesthetics | 12.4% |
Lidocaine | 19.3% |
What brand of topical anesthetic do you use? | |
Avocaine spray | 0.4% |
Benzojel | 0.4% |
Gingicaine (gel, liquid, spray) | 4.4% |
Hurricaine (gel, liquid, spray) | 14.2% |
I do not know | 55.8% |
Topex (gel, spray) | 4.4% |
Topicale (gel, ointment, patch) | 20.4% |
Would you like to use a different topical anesthesia delivery system if available on the market? | |
Maybe | 50.0% |
No | 12.4% |
Yes | 37.6% |
How long do you wait to inject after applying a topical anesthetic? | |
10 s or less | 16.4% |
11–20 s | 18.2% |
21–30 s | 17.9% |
31–60 s | 23.7% |
61 s or more | 23.7% |
Do you think that topical anesthetics are effective when used before the injection of local anesthesia? | |
Adequate | 20.4% |
Effective | 38.7% |
Ineffective | 1.8% |
Poor | 5.1% |
Very effective | 33.9% |
What do your patients most complain about regarding the topical anesthetic available on the market today? | |
Burning sensation | 0.8% |
Color | 5.5% |
Consistency | 3.6% |
Never complain | 4.9% |
Smell | 1.5% |
Taste | 83.6% |
How many of your patients experienced any drug side-effect to the topical anesthetic preparation in the last year? | |
0% | 82.8% |
1–3% | 14.6% |
4–6% | 1.1% |
More than 7% | 1.5% |
In your years of practice treating pediatric patients, approximately what percentage of the time do topical anesthetics work when applied prior to the local anesthetic injection? | |
0% | 4.7% |
25 | 24.8% |
50% | 22.3% |
75% | 36.1% |
100% | 12.0% |
Questions | Responses | Female | Male | p-Value |
---|---|---|---|---|
How often do you use a topical anesthetic (gel, spray, liquid, etc.)? | Always | 68.6% | 60.8% | 0.22 |
Never | 1.7% | 0.0% | ||
Rarely | 6.4% | 6.9% | ||
Sometimes | 23.3% | 32.4% | ||
What form of topical anesthetic do you commonly use? | Gel | 89.5% | 86.3% | 0.86 |
Liquid | 1.7% | 2.0% | ||
Ointment | 0.6% | 1.0% | ||
Spray | 8.1% | 10.8% | ||
Gel | 89.5% | 86.3% | ||
What kind of topical anesthetic agent do you commonly use? | Benzocaine | 68.6% | 67.6% | 0.21 |
Compounded topical anesthetics | 14.5% | 8.8% | ||
Lidocaine | 16.9% | 23.5% | ||
What brand of topical anesthetic do you use? | Avocaine spray | 0.0% | 1.0% | 0.61 |
Benzojel | 0.0% | 1.0% | ||
Gingicaine (gel, liquid, spray) | 4.1% | 4.9% | ||
Hurricaine (gel, liquid, spray) | 15.1% | 12.7% | ||
I do not know | 57.6% | 52.9% | ||
Topex (gel, spray) | 4.1% | 4.9% | ||
Topicale (gel, ointment, patch) | 19.2% | 22.5% | ||
Would you like to use a different topical anesthesia delivery system if available on the market? | Maybe | 52.3% | 46.1% | 0.38 |
No | 10.5% | 15.7% | ||
Yes | 37.2% | 38.2% | ||
How long do you wait to inject after applying a topical anesthetic? | 10 s or less | 19.8% | 10.8% | 0.09 |
11–20 s | 20.3% | 14.7% | ||
21–30 s | 16.3% | 20.6% | ||
31–60 s | 23.8% | 23.5% | ||
61 s or more | 19.8% | 30.4% | ||
Do you think that topical anesthetics are effective when used before the injection of local anesthesia? | Adequate | 20.9% | 19.6% | 0.55 |
Effective | 41.3% | 34.3% | ||
Ineffective | 2.3% | 1.0% | ||
Poor | 4.7% | 5.9% | ||
Very effective | 30.8% | 39.2% | ||
What do your patients most complain about regarding the topical anesthetic available on the market today? | Burning sensation | 0.6% | 1.0% | 0.14 |
Color | 2.9% | 9.8% | ||
Consistency | 2.9% | 4.9% | ||
Never complain | 4.7% | 5.0% | ||
Smell | 1.2% | 2.0% | ||
Taste | 87.8% | 76.5% | ||
How many of your patients experienced any drug side-effect to the topical anesthetic preparation in the last year? | 0% | 86.0% | 77.5% | 0.28 |
1–3% | 12.2% | 18.6% | ||
4–6% | 0.6% | 2.0% | ||
More than 7% | 1.2% | 2.0% | ||
In your years of practice treating pediatric patients, approximately what percentage of the time do topical anesthetics work when applied prior to the local anesthetic injection? | 0% | 5.8% | 2.9% | 0.89 |
25% | 28.5% | 18.6% | ||
50% | 22.1% | 22.5% | ||
75% | 34.9% | 38.2% | ||
100% | 8.7% | 17.6% |
Questions | Responses | Consultant | General Dentist | Specialist | p-Value |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
How often do you use a topical anesthetic (gel, spray, liquid, etc.)? | Always | 62.5% | 65.2% | 69.4% | 0.00 * |
Never | 25.0% | 0.0% | 2.8% | ||
Rarely | 0.0% | 7.4% | 2.8% | ||
Sometimes | 12.5% | 27.4% | 25.0% | ||
What form of topical anesthetic do you commonly use? | Gel | 100.0% | 89.1% | 80.6% | 0.02 * |
Liquid | 0.0% | 2.2% | 0.0% | ||
Ointment | 0.0% | 0.9% | 0.0% | ||
Spray | 0.0% | 7.8% | 19.4% | ||
Patch | 0.0% | 0.0% | 0.0% | ||
What kind of topical anesthetic agent do you commonly use? | Benzocaine | 62.5% | 68.3% | 69.4% | 0.13 |
Compounded topical anesthetics | 12.5% | 13.0% | 8.3% | ||
Lidocaine | 25.0% | 18.7% | 22.2% | ||
What brand of topical anesthetic do you use? | Avocaine spray | 0.0% | 0.4% | 0.0% | 0.01 * |
benzojel | 0.0% | 0.4% | 0.0% | ||
Gingicaine (gel, liquid, spray) | 0.0% | 4.3% | 5.6% | ||
Hurricaine (gel, liquid, spray) | 50.0% | 14.3% | 5.6% | ||
I do not know | 0.0% | 57.4% | 58.3% | ||
Topex (gel, spray) | 0.0% | 3.9% | 8.3% | ||
Topicale (gel, ointment, patch) | 50.0% | 19.1% | 22.2% | ||
Would you like to use a different topical anesthesia delivery system if available on the market? | Maybe | 0.0% | 53.5% | 38.9% | 0.01 * |
No | 0.0% | 12.2% | 16.7% | ||
Yes | 100.0% | 34.3% | 44.4% | ||
How long do you wait to inject after applying a topical anesthetic? | 10 s or less | 0.0% | 17.8% | 11.1% | 0.00 * |
11–20 s | 0.0% | 21.3% | 2.8% | ||
21–30 s | 62.5% | 15.2% | 25.0% | ||
31–60 s | 12.5% | 22.6% | 33.3% | ||
61 s or more | 25.0% | 23.0% | 27.8% | ||
Do you think that topical anesthetics are effective when used before the injection of local anesthesia? | Adequate | 0.0% | 22.2% | 13.9% | 0.00 * |
Effective | 25.0% | 40.4% | 30.6% | ||
Ineffective | 0.0% | 0.9% | 8.3% | ||
Poor | 0.0% | 3.9% | 13.9% | ||
Very effective | 75.0% | 32.6% | 33.3% | ||
What do your patients most complain about regarding the topical anesthetic available in the market today? | Burning sensation | 12.5% | 0.4% | 0.0% | 0.35 |
Color | 0.0% | 5.7% | 5.6% | ||
Consistency | 0.0% | 3.9% | 2.8% | ||
Never complain | 0.0% | 5.6% | 5.6% | ||
Sensation | 0.0% | 0.4% | 0.0% | ||
Smell | 0.0% | 1.3% | 2.8% | ||
Taste | 87.5% | 83.5% | 83.3% | ||
How many of your patients experienced any drug side-effect to the topical anesthetic preparation in the last year? | 0% | 50.0% | 83.0% | 88.9% | 0.00 * |
1–3% | 25.0% | 15.7% | 5.6% | ||
4–6% | 0.0% | 0.4% | 5.6% | ||
More than 7% | 25.0% | 0.9% | 0.0% | ||
In your years of practice treating pediatric patients, approximately what percentage of the time do topical anesthetics work when applied prior to the local anesthetic injection? | 0% | 0.0% | 4.8% | 5.6% | 0.00 * |
25% | 0.0% | 24.3% | 33.3% | ||
50% | 50.0% | 23.0% | 11.1% | ||
75% | 25.0% | 36.5% | 36.1% | ||
100% | 25.0% | 11.3% | 13.9% |
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Alanazi, F.S.; Alhazzaa, M.F.; Alosaimi, Y.M.; Alajaji, F.A.; Alanazi, A.S.; Alassaf, A.; Almulhim, B.; Alghamdi, S.A.; Mallineni, S.K. Preference of Dental Practitioners toward the Use of Local and Topical Anesthetics for Pediatric Patients in Saudi Arabia: A Cross-Sectional Survey. Children 2021, 8, 978. https://doi.org/10.3390/children8110978
Alanazi FS, Alhazzaa MF, Alosaimi YM, Alajaji FA, Alanazi AS, Alassaf A, Almulhim B, Alghamdi SA, Mallineni SK. Preference of Dental Practitioners toward the Use of Local and Topical Anesthetics for Pediatric Patients in Saudi Arabia: A Cross-Sectional Survey. Children. 2021; 8(11):978. https://doi.org/10.3390/children8110978
Chicago/Turabian StyleAlanazi, Fahad Shulaywih, Mohammed Fahad Alhazzaa, Yazeed Mohammed Alosaimi, Faisal Abdullah Alajaji, Atallah Shulaywih Alanazi, Abdullah Alassaf, Basim Almulhim, Sara Ayid Alghamdi, and Sreekanth Kumar Mallineni. 2021. "Preference of Dental Practitioners toward the Use of Local and Topical Anesthetics for Pediatric Patients in Saudi Arabia: A Cross-Sectional Survey" Children 8, no. 11: 978. https://doi.org/10.3390/children8110978
APA StyleAlanazi, F. S., Alhazzaa, M. F., Alosaimi, Y. M., Alajaji, F. A., Alanazi, A. S., Alassaf, A., Almulhim, B., Alghamdi, S. A., & Mallineni, S. K. (2021). Preference of Dental Practitioners toward the Use of Local and Topical Anesthetics for Pediatric Patients in Saudi Arabia: A Cross-Sectional Survey. Children, 8(11), 978. https://doi.org/10.3390/children8110978