Current Perspectives on Management of Type 2 Diabetes in Youth
1
Department of Internal Medicine, Crozer-Chester Medical Center, Upland, PA 19015, USA
2
Division of Pediatric Endocrinology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN 55902, USA
*
Author to whom correspondence should be addressed.
Children 2021, 8(1), 37; https://doi.org/10.3390/children8010037
Received: 1 December 2020 / Revised: 1 January 2021 / Accepted: 6 January 2021 / Published: 10 January 2021
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Comprehensive Care for Children with Obesity: Best Practices and Multidisciplinary Treatment Approaches)
The prevalence of type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) in children and adolescents is on the rise, and the increase in prevalence of this disorder parallels the modern epidemic of childhood obesity worldwide. T2DM affects primarily post-pubertal adolescents from ethnic/racial minorities and those from socioeconomically disadvantaged backgrounds. Youth with T2DM often have additional cardiovascular risk factors at diagnosis. T2DM in youth is more progressive in comparison to adult onset T2DM and shows lower rates of response to pharmacotherapy and more rapid development of diabetes-related complications. Lifestyle modifications and metformin are recommended as the first-line treatment for youth with T2DM in the absence of significant hyperglycemia. Assessment of pancreatic autoimmunity is recommended in all youth who appear to have T2DM. Pharmacotherapeutic options for youth with T2DM are limited at this time. Liraglutide, a GLP-1 agonist, was recently approved for T2DM in adolescents 10 years of age and older. Several clinical trials are currently underway with youth with T2DM with medications that are approved for T2DM in adults. Bariatric surgery is associated with excellent rates of remission of T2DM in adolescents with severe obesity and should be considered in selected adolescents.
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Keywords:
type 2 diabetes mellitus; youth; adolescents
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MDPI and ACS Style
Singhal, S.; Kumar, S. Current Perspectives on Management of Type 2 Diabetes in Youth. Children 2021, 8, 37. https://doi.org/10.3390/children8010037
AMA Style
Singhal S, Kumar S. Current Perspectives on Management of Type 2 Diabetes in Youth. Children. 2021; 8(1):37. https://doi.org/10.3390/children8010037
Chicago/Turabian StyleSinghal, Sachi; Kumar, Seema. 2021. "Current Perspectives on Management of Type 2 Diabetes in Youth" Children 8, no. 1: 37. https://doi.org/10.3390/children8010037
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