Blood Coagulation and Thrombotic Disorders following SARS-CoV-2 Infection and COVID-19 Vaccination
Abstract
:1. Introduction
2. Search Strategy
3. SARS-CoV-2 and COVID-19 Vaccines
4. Inherited Blood Coagulation Disorders and COVID-19 Vaccines
5. Congenital Coagulation and Thrombotic Disorders and COVID-19 Vaccines
6. Review of Acquired Coagulation and Thrombotic Disorders and Their Connection with COVID-19 Vaccines—Hypothesis and Therapeutic Interventions
7. Blood Coagulation and Thrombotic Disorders Related to COVID-19 Disease
8. Thrombotic and Bleeding Events following COVID-19 Vaccination: Hypothesis for Pathogenesis and Therapeutic Interventions
9. Summary of Reported Literature Cases of Ultrarare VITT Complications
10. Diagnostics of Coagulopathies following COVID-19 Vaccination through Imaging
11. Global Benefit/Risk Ratio of the Various Vaccination Types for Bleeding or Thrombotic Complications
12. Conclusions
Author Contributions
Funding
Institutional Review Board Statement
Informed Consent Statement
Data Availability Statement
Acknowledgments
Conflicts of Interest
References
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Type of Study | Vaccine | Number of Participants | Standardized Morbidity Ratio for Any Thrombocytopenia/Coagulation Disorders | Mortality | Authors |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
Population-based | Viral vectored | 281,264 | 1.52 (0.97 to 2.25) | NR | Pottegård et al. [95] |
European database | Viral vectored and m-RNA | NR | Viral vectored vaccine recipients 2.5 (2.3–2.7)mRNA vaccine recipients 1.9 (1.6–2.2) | 0.4 and 4.8 deaths/1 million doses for mRNA and viral vector recipients, respectively | Cari et al. [96] |
Systematic review | Viral vectored | 4552 participants (12 studies) | OR 13.8; 95% CI 2.0–97.3 | Approximately 1/3 were deceased | Palaiodimou et al. [97] |
Systematic review | Viral vectored and m-RNA | 69 participants (59 studies) | 63 out of 69 (91.3%) occurred after the viral vector vaccine | 24 deceased | Hafeez et al. [98] |
Surveillance | m-RNA | 10,162,227 (8 participating US health plans) | Excess cases in risk interval 1.0 (−4.6 to 1.4) per million doses | NR | Klein et al. [99] |
Systematic review | Viral vectored and m-RNA | 49 participants (12 studies) | NR | 39% deceased | Sharifian-Dorche et al. [86] |
Case series | Viral vectored and m-RNA | 11 patients | NR | 6 deceased | Greinacher et al. [85] |
Case series | Viral vectored | 39 cases | NR | 51% deceased | Mouta Nunes de Oliveira et al. [100] |
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Sekulovski, M.; Mileva, N.; Vasilev, G.V.; Miteva, D.; Gulinac, M.; Peshevska-Sekulovska, M.; Chervenkov, L.; Batselova, H.; Vasilev, G.H.; Tomov, L.; et al. Blood Coagulation and Thrombotic Disorders following SARS-CoV-2 Infection and COVID-19 Vaccination. Biomedicines 2023, 11, 2813. https://doi.org/10.3390/biomedicines11102813
Sekulovski M, Mileva N, Vasilev GV, Miteva D, Gulinac M, Peshevska-Sekulovska M, Chervenkov L, Batselova H, Vasilev GH, Tomov L, et al. Blood Coagulation and Thrombotic Disorders following SARS-CoV-2 Infection and COVID-19 Vaccination. Biomedicines. 2023; 11(10):2813. https://doi.org/10.3390/biomedicines11102813
Chicago/Turabian StyleSekulovski, Metodija, Niya Mileva, Georgi Vasilev Vasilev, Dimitrina Miteva, Milena Gulinac, Monika Peshevska-Sekulovska, Lyubomir Chervenkov, Hristiana Batselova, Georgi Hristov Vasilev, Latchezar Tomov, and et al. 2023. "Blood Coagulation and Thrombotic Disorders following SARS-CoV-2 Infection and COVID-19 Vaccination" Biomedicines 11, no. 10: 2813. https://doi.org/10.3390/biomedicines11102813