Back Pain Prevalence, Intensity, and Associated Risk Factors among Female Teachers in Slovakia during the COVID-19 Pandemic: A Cross-Sectional Study
Abstract
:1. Introduction
2. Methods
2.1. Ethical Statement
2.2. Subjects and Survey Development
2.3. Questionnaire Validation
2.4. Sampling Process
2.5. Survey Management
2.6. Statistical Analysis
3. Results
4. Discussion
5. Conclusions
Author Contributions
Funding
Institutional Review Board Statement
Informed Consent Statement
Data Availability Statement
Acknowledgments
Conflicts of Interest
References
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Epidemiological Aspects | Percentage |
---|---|
Individuals suffering from cervical pain | 74.84% |
Individuals suffering from dorsal spine pain | 29.12% |
Individuals suffering from lower back pain | 67.68% |
Individuals who not suffering from lower back pain | 5.36% |
Individuals suffering from spinal pain in more than one area | 61.31% |
Factor | Component/category | Pain Intensity ● |
---|---|---|
Regions * | Trnava (n = 62) | 3.38 (1.14) |
Nitra (n = 94) | 3.42 (0.94) | |
Žilina (n = 141) | 3.51 (1.09) | |
Bratislava (n = 83) | 3.52 (1.01) | |
Banská Bystrica (n = 92) | 3.53 (0.99) | |
Trenčín (n = 66) | 3.58 (0.88) | |
Košice (n = 140) | 3.61 (1.14) | |
Prešov (n = 104) | 3.74 (0.91) | |
BMI | Underweight (n = 24) | 3.37 (1.01) |
Normal weight (n = 386) | 3.52 (1.05) | |
Overweight (n = 244) | 3.61 (0.99) | |
Obese (n = 128) | 3.55 (1.05) | |
School type * | Primary school (n = 496) | 3.49 (1.03) |
Secondary school (n = 225) | 3.61 (1.01) | |
Special education (n = 36) | 3.83 (0.98) | |
University (n = 25) | 3.52 (1.08) | |
Number of days a week of online classes * | Once a week (n = 36) | 3.33 (1.17) |
Twice a week (n = 23) | 3.17 (1.07) | |
Thrice a week (n = 50) | 3.46 (1.18) | |
Four times a week (n = 58) | 3.51 (1.08) | |
Five times a week (n = 615) | 3.58 (1.01) | |
Years of teaching | 1–4.9 (n = 128) | 3.44 (1.03) |
5–9.9 (n = 88) | 3.36 (1.07) | |
10–14.9 (n = 116) | 3.64 (1.02) | |
15–19.9 (n = 122) | 3.56 (1.08) | |
20–29.9 (n = 205) | 3.66 (0.99) | |
+30 (n = 123) | 3.55 (1.07) | |
Weekly teaching hours | 1–9.9 (n = 194) | 3.38 (1.16) |
10–19.9 (n = 401) | 3.59 (0.97) | |
20–29.9 (n = 165) | 3.61 (0.99) | |
30–39.9 (n = 20) | 3.80 (1.06) | |
40+ (n = 2) | 3.5 (0.50) | |
Weekly practice of PA (days a week) * | None (n = 108) | 3.86 (1.01) |
1–2 (n = 255) | 3.63 (0.93) | |
3–4 (n = 263) | 3.52 (0.94) | |
5–6 (n = 87) | 3.15 (1.22) | |
7 (n = 69) | 3.37 (1.28) | |
Ergonomic recommendations | Subjects who complied with the ergonomic recommendations (n = 376) | 3.55 (1.04) |
Compliance # | Subjects who did not comply with the ergonomic recommendations (n = 99) | 3.59 (0.98) |
Stress # | Mild or no stress (n = 645) | 2.83 (1.31) |
Moderate or severe (n = 94) | 3.66 (0.93) | |
Time spent sitting or moving # | Subjects who were sitting all or most of the time (n= 613) | 3.62 (0.97) |
Subjects who were moving all or most of the time (n = 70) | 2.84 (1.29) |
Factor | Pain Intensity | |
---|---|---|
Age | r = 0.014 | p = 0.691 |
BMI | r = 0.066 | p = 0.066 |
Years of teaching | r = 0.021 | p = 0.55 |
Number of days a week having online classes | r = −0.05 | p = 0.166 |
Weekly teaching hours | r = 0.034 | p = 0.336 |
Time spent sitting or moving | r = 0.013 | p = 0.715 |
Weekly frequency of PA * | r = −0.151 | p < = 0.000 |
Ergonomic recommendations compliance * | r = - 0.109 | p = 0.002 |
Perceived stress * | r = 0.150 | p < 0.000 |
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Prieto-González, P.; Šutvajová, M.; Lesňáková, A.; Bartík, P.; Buľáková, K.; Friediger, T. Back Pain Prevalence, Intensity, and Associated Risk Factors among Female Teachers in Slovakia during the COVID-19 Pandemic: A Cross-Sectional Study. Healthcare 2021, 9, 860. https://doi.org/10.3390/healthcare9070860
Prieto-González P, Šutvajová M, Lesňáková A, Bartík P, Buľáková K, Friediger T. Back Pain Prevalence, Intensity, and Associated Risk Factors among Female Teachers in Slovakia during the COVID-19 Pandemic: A Cross-Sectional Study. Healthcare. 2021; 9(7):860. https://doi.org/10.3390/healthcare9070860
Chicago/Turabian StylePrieto-González, Pablo, Miroslava Šutvajová, Anna Lesňáková, Peter Bartík, Kristína Buľáková, and Teresa Friediger. 2021. "Back Pain Prevalence, Intensity, and Associated Risk Factors among Female Teachers in Slovakia during the COVID-19 Pandemic: A Cross-Sectional Study" Healthcare 9, no. 7: 860. https://doi.org/10.3390/healthcare9070860