Abstract
We introduce the conformable fractional (CF) noninstantaneous impulsive stochastic evolution equations with fractional Brownian motion (fBm) and Poisson jumps. The approximate controllability for the considered problem was investigated. Principles and concepts from fractional calculus, stochastic analysis, and the fixed-point theorem were used to support the main results. An example is applied to show the established results.
Keywords:
fractional derivative; stochastic system; nonlinear equations; approximate controllability; fractional Brownian motion MSC:
34A08; 34K50; 35R12; 93B05
1. Introduction
The field of fractional calculus is constantly expanding, and applications range from engineering and natural phenomena to financial perspectives (see [1,2,3,4,5,6,7]). Recently, there seems to be much enthusiasm for the use of stochastic differential equations to describe a variety of phenomena in population dynamics, physics, electrical engineering, geography, psychology, biochemistry, and other areas of physics and technology (see [8,9,10,11,12,13,14]). Stochastic impulsive differential equations arise in a very natural way as mathematical models (see [15,16,17,18,19,20]). The introduction of drugs into the bloodstream and the consequent absorption into the body are gradual and continuous processes that can be described by noninstantaneous impulsive differential equations (see [21,22]). Now, several authors have discussed different types of controllability for fractional stochastic systems (see [23,24,25,26,27,28,29]). To the best of our knowledge, the approximate controllability of CF noninstantaneous impulsive stochastic evolution equations via fBm and Poisson jump mentioned in this study is an area of research that appears to give extra incentive for completing this research.
Assume that the CF noninstantaneous impulsive stochastic evolution equation via fBm, Poisson jump, and the control function has the following form:
where is the conformable fractional derivative (CFD) of order and generates semigroup on ℵ. Here, ℵ and G are separable Hilbert spaces with and is the control function, where is the Hilbert space of control functions with a Hilbert space. B is a bounded linear operator from into ℵ, and is a noninstantaneous impulsive function for all . Suppose that the time interval is , where are fixed numbers verifying . Assume is a K-Wiener process on with values in G and is fBm with Hurst parameter defined on with values in Q is a Hilbert space with In this paper, and are the space of all bounded linear operators from G into ℵ and from Q into respectively, with , , ℧, and are defined in Section 2.
The contributions of the present work are as follows:
- The conformable fractional noninstantaneous impulsive stochastic evolution equation with fractional Brownian motion and Poisson jump is presented.
- To the best of the author’s knowledge, there has not been any research that has studied the approximate controllability of (1).
- An example is applied to show the established results.
2. Preliminaries
Here, we collect the basic concepts, definitions, theorems, and lemmas that are used in the paper.
Definition 1
(See [7]). The CFD of order of for is defined as
Furthermore, the conformable integral is defined as
Suppose is a full probability area connected with a normal filtration , where is the -algebra generated by random variables and all -null sets. Let be a -finite measurable space. The stationary Poisson point process is defined on with values in F and characteristic measure The counting measure of is denoted by such that for . Define , the Poisson martingale generated by .
Let be an operator defined by with , where are non-negative real numbers and is a complete orthonormal basis in Q.
We introduce the space of all A-Hilbert–Schmidt operators
is called a A-Hilbert–Schmidt operator, if
Lemma 1
(see [30]). If satisfies then
Theorem 1
(see [31]). Assume is a compact metric space. For a family of functions , then the following statements are equivalent:
- (i)
- is relatively compact;
- (ii)
- is equicontinuous and uniformly bounded.
Through this paper, let be a Banach space with
where Assume , from into is the Banach space of all continuous functions and satisfies
Define with
Obviously, is a Banach space.
We require the following hypotheses:
verifies the following:
- (i)
- is continuous;
- (ii)
- such that
verifies the following:
- (i)
- the function is continuous and the function is -measurable;
- (ii)
- such that
satisfies the following:
- (i)
- the function is continuous and ∀ the function is -measurable;
- (ii)
- such that
satisfies the following:
- (i)
- is continuous;
- (ii)
- such that
is continuous and verifies the following:
- (i)
- , such that
- (ii)
- , such that
generates a compact semigroup in
Definition 2
(see [32]). is a mild solution of if the function is integrable and
is verified.
3. Approximate Controllability
Here, we investigate the approximate controllability of (1).
Consider the linear conformable fractional evolution equation in the following form:
We present the operators associated with (3) as
and where the adjoint of B and are denoted by and respectively.
The state value of at terminal state corresponding to the control u and the initial value , is denoted by Furthermore, the reachable set of at terminal time b is denoted by , and its closure in ℵ is
Definition 3
([33]). Let be approximately controllable on Υ if
Lemma 2
([33]). The linear system is approximately controllable on Υ if and only if
as
Lemma 3.
and such that
We define the control function, for any and in the following form:
In this paper, we set and
Theorem 2.
Suppose – holds, then has a mild solution on such that
and
Proof.
Consider the map on defined by to be verified:
□
Next, show that from into itself has a fixed point. Set , integer. Therefore, is a bounded closed convex set in .
From and Hölder’s inequality, we obtain
It follows that is integrable on and by Bochner’s theorem, is defined on
From with Burkholder–Gundy’s inequality, we obtain
From with Burkholder-Gundy’s inequality, this yields
From Hölder inequality’s and we obtain
From Hölder’s inequality and Burkholder–Gundy’s inequality with – we obtain, for ,
and for , we obtain
We claim that such that If it false, then ; there is a function but that is for some where means that ℘ is dependent on
From and Equations (6)–(9), we have, for ,
for
and for
Adding (10), (11) and (12) in the inequality , dividing both sides of the inequality by , and applying the limit , then
This contradicts (5) Hence, for , Next, we have to demonstrate that has a fixed point on We decompose as where and are defined on by
for Next, we show that is a contraction and is a compact operator. To show that is a contraction, let then for each and by and , we obtain
Taking for both sides of the inequality, we obtain
Hence,
Thus, is a contraction.
We show that is compact.
First, we prove the continuity of on .
Let with in and the control function . Therefore, for each
with , , and , we obtain
as ,
as , and
as
From Lebesgue’s dominated convergence theorem, we have
as which is continuous.
Next, we show that is an equicontinuous family of functions. Assume small, , then
As we see that independently of , with sufficiently small, because the compactness of for tends to the continuity in the uniform operator topology. Furthermore, we can show that are equicontinuous at Then, maps into a family of equicontinuous functions. Next, we show that is relatively compact in . Clearly, is relatively compact in
Assume to be fixed; for we define
Since is a compact operator, hence is relatively compact in ℵ for every .
Moreover, we have
We see that, for each as Therefore, there are relative compact sets arbitrarily close to hence, is also relatively compact in
Thus, by the Arzela–Ascoli theorem is a compact operator. Hence, is a condensing map on , and by the fixed-point theorem of Sadovskii, there exists a fixed point for on . Thus, the stochastic system has a mild solution on .
Theorem 3.
Suppose that Assumptions – are satisfied. Moreover, if and Ω are uniformly bounded, then be approximately controllable on Υ.
Proof.
Assume N is a fixed point of By the stochastic Fubini theorem, we obtain
□
From the condition on and there exists such that
Consequently, the sequences
are weakly compact in
and
so there are subsequences
that weakly converge to in , and
From the above, we have
By Lemma 2, strongly as for all , and furthermore, . Thus, as by the Lebesgue-dominated convergence theorem and the compactness of . Hence, the system (1) is approximate controllable.
4. Example
Consider the CF noninstantaneous impulsive stochastic partial differential equation with fBm and Poisson jump of the form:
where is the CFD of order is a Wiener process, and is an fBm with .
Assume and , where with domain are absolutely continuous and
Then, generates a strongly continuous semigroup , which is compact, analytic, and self-adjoint. Moreover, has a discrete spectrum with eigenvalues and the corresponding normalized eigenfunctions given by
In addition, is a complete orthonormal basis in Then,
Moreover, generates an analytic semigroup of the bounded linear operator, on ℵ, and is defined by
with We define by Furthermore, and are defined by and , respectively. Then and verify –.
Let . Therefore, all conditions of Theorems 2 and 3 are verified and
and
Thus, (16) is approximately controllable on
5. Conclusions
By using fractional calculus, a compact semigroup, Sadovskii’s fixed-point theorem, and stochastic analysis, we investigated the approximate controllability of the given system (1). The obtained theoretical conclusions were illustrated in the later portion with an example. The results can be extended to a fractional stochastic inclusion system.
Author Contributions
Conceptualization, Y.A. and H.M.A.; formal analysis, Y.A. and H.M.A.; investigation, Y.A.; resources, H.M.A.; writing—original draft preparation, Y.A.; writing—review and editing, H.M.A. All authors have read and agreed to the published version of the manuscript.
Funding
The APC was funded by the Deanship of Scientific Research, Qassim University.
Data Availability Statement
Not applicable.
Acknowledgments
The researchers would like to thank the Deanship of Scientific Research, Qassim University, for funding the publication of this project.
Conflicts of Interest
The authors declare no conflict of interest.
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