Volatile Profiles of Five Variants of Abeliophyllum distichum Flowers Using Headspace Solid-Phase Microextraction Gas Chromatography–Mass Spectrometry (HS-SPME-GC-MS) Analysis
Abstract
:1. Introduction
2. Results and Discussion
2.1. Profiling of Volatile Components from Five Variants of the Flowers in Five Variants of A. distichum Using HS-SPME-GC-MS Analysis
2.2. Multivariate Data Analyses of Volatile Components from Five Variants of A. distichum Flowers
3. Materials and Methods
3.1. Plant Materials
3.2. Volatile Component Analysis from Five Variants of A. distichum Flowers
3.3. Multivariate and Statistical Analysis
4. Conclusions
Supplementary Materials
Author Contributions
Funding
Institutional Review Board Statement
Informed Consent Statement
Acknowledgments
Conflicts of Interest
References
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No. | Compound | RT a | LRI b | Relative Content c (%) ± SD d | ||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
White e | Pink f | Ivory g | Blue h | Round i | ||||
1 | isovaleraldehyde | 11.50 | 885 | 1.763 ± 0.073 | 3.472 ± 0.240 | 3.641 ± 0.116 | 3.418 ± 0.024 | 2.973 ± 0.244 |
2 | ethanol | 11.91 | 891 | 6.688 ± 0.231 | 1.016 ± 0.039 | 1.133 ± 0.027 | 0.905 ± 0.055 | 2.305 ± 0.103 |
3 | decane | 15.26 | 1000 | 1.475 ± 0.103 | 2.023 ± 0.128 | 3.730 ± 0.299 | 1.282 ± 0.052 | 2.364 ± 0.187 |
4 | 5-ethyl-2,2,3-trimethylheptane | 16.82 | 1040 | 0.716 ± 0.031 | 1.022 ± 0.129 | 1.453 ± 0.094 | 2.452 ± 0.054 | 1.191 ± 0.186 |
5 | n-hexanal | 17.67 | 1061 | 0.694 ± 0.022 | 0.735 ± 0.100 | 1.536 ± 0.011 | 1.104 ± 0.040 | 0.852 ± 0.057 |
6 | 2-butyl-3-octanol | 19.22 | 1101 | 0.148 ± 0.046 | 0.279 ± 0.018 | 0.418 ± 0.054 | 0.218 ± 0.051 | 0.227 ± 0.129 |
7 | β-myrcene | 20.94 | 1146 | 4.232 ± 0.132 | 0.572 ± 0.046 | 0.448 ± 0.008 | 0.326 ± 0.005 | 0.610 ± 0.011 |
8 | isoamylalcohol | 21.98 | 1174 | 0.854 ± 0.013 | 0.951 ± 0.028 | 1.301 ± 0.053 | 0.687 ± 0.025 | 1.461 ± 0.139 |
9 | limonene | 22.62 | 1191 | 0.793 ± 0.031 | 0.176 ± 0.015 | 0.180 ± 0.006 | 0.243 ± 0.004 | 0.283 ± 0.007 |
10 | 2-hexenal | 22.91 | 1198 | 4.831 ± 0.109 | 4.124 ± 0.424 | 8.376 ± 0.140 | 3.335 ± 0.098 | 3.407 ± 0.232 |
11 | ocimene-1 | 23.54 | 1215 | 1.013 ± 0.045 | 0.162 ± 0.010 | 0.579 ± 0.007 | 0.072 ± 0.002 | 0.164 ± 0.004 |
12 | ocimene-2 | 24.21 | 1234 | 3.020 ± 0.101 | 0.744 ± 0.058 | 4.792 ± 0.136 | 0.314 ± 0.006 | 0.636 ± 0.014 |
13 | n-hexyl acetate | 24.85 | 1251 | 1.027 ± 0.061 | 0.196 ± 0.019 | 3.825 ± 0.096 | 0.267 ± 0.032 | 0.695 ± 0.048 |
14 | isohexanol | 25.95 | 1281 | 0.210 ± 0.007 | 0.429 ± 0.014 | 0.760 ± 0.057 | 0.330 ± 0.007 | 0.403 ± 0.001 |
15 | 3-methyl-1-pentanol | 26.43 | 1294 | 0.083 ± 0.005 | 0.101 ± 0.009 | 0.115 ± 0.023 | 0.078 ± 0.013 | 0.089 ± 0.013 |
16 | 2-hexenyl acetate | 26.92 | 1307 | 0.133 ± 0.002 | 0.033 ± 0.002 | 0.611 ± 0.023 | 0.027 ± 0.001 | 0.108 ± 0.008 |
17 | 6-methyl-5-hepten-2-one | 27.19 | 1315 | 0.102 ± 0.001 | 0.239 ± 0.018 | 0.266 ± 0.016 | 0.246 ± 0.002 | 0.287 ± 0.002 |
18 | 1-hexanol | 27.32 | 1319 | 3.809 ± 0.006 | 2.367 ± 0.097 | 6.383 ± 0.250 | 1.794 ± 0.067 | 3.570 ± 0.180 |
19 | E-3-eicosene | 27.49 | 1324 | 0.110 ± 0.005 | 0.132 ± 0.011 | 0.159 ± 0.029 | 0.105 ± 0.018 | 0.118 ± 0.019 |
20 | 2-methyl-1-decanol | 27.80 | 1333 | 0.329 ± 0.009 | 0.436 ± 0.019 | 1.341 ± 0.068 | 0.475 ± 0.012 | 0.513 ± 0.001 |
21 | Z-3-hexenol | 28.47 | 1352 | 1.488 ± 0.050 | 1.493 ± 0.057 | 3.262 ± 0.189 | 0.724 ± 0.006 | 1.150 ± 0.012 |
22 | allo-ocimene | 28.60 | 1355 | 0.555 ± 0.029 | 0.089 ± 0.007 | 0.334 ± 0.006 | 0.039 ± 0.001 | 0.088 ± 0.003 |
23 | p-cymene | 28.65 | 1357 | 0.089 ± 0.000 | 0.110 ± 0.010 | 0.198 ± 0.006 | 0.114 ± 0.007 | 0.157 ± 0.013 |
24 | 2-hexenol | 29.14 | 1371 | 2.015 ± 0.019 | 1.551 ± 0.254 | 5.163 ± 0.262 | 0.733 ± 0.030 | 2.553 ± 0.275 |
25 | nonaldehyde | 29.39 | 1378 | 1.091 ± 0.031 | 1.498 ± 0.041 | 1.598 ± 0.037 | 1.975 ± 0.079 | 1.844 ± 0.036 |
26 | acetic acid | 30.42 | 1408 | 0.196 ± 0.034 | 0.173 ± 0.017 | 0.8233 ± 0.076 | 0.268 ± 0.019 | 0.214 ± 0.012 |
27 | 1-octen-3-ol | 30.61 | 1413 | 0.495 ± 0.024 | 0.614 ± 0.009 | 0.959 ± 0.051 | 0.650 ± 0.003 | 0.782 ± 0.013 |
28 | 1,3-ditertarybutylbenzene | 30.75 | 1418 | 3.921 ± 0.288 | 4.228 ± 0.323 | 5.504 ± 0.873 | 3.374 ± 0.595 | 5.148 ± 0.624 |
29 | linalool oxide | 31.04 | 1426 | 12.646 ± 0.180 | 12.625 ± 0.381 | 3.441 ± 0.073 | 2.136 ± 0.037 | 2.094 ± 0.060 |
30 | benzaldehyde | 33.71 | 1507 | 1.397 ± 0.043 | 2.843 ± 0.086 | 2.826 ± 0.166 | 2.946 ± 0.156 | 1.929 ± 0.099 |
31 | l-linalool | 33.88 | 1512 | 15.727 ± 0.187 | 3.754 ± 0.081 | 1.948 ± 0.079 | 2.758 ± 0.035 | 4.788 ± 0.068 |
32 | 1-octanol | 34.21 | 1522 | 0.451 ± 0.012 | 0.495 ± 0.026 | 0.626 ± 0.033 | 0.604 ± 0.019 | 0.683 ± 0.034 |
33 | lilac aldehyde A | 34.32 | 1526 | 1.002 ± 0.010 | 1.119 ± 0.003 | 0.321 ± 0.005 | 1.588 ± 0.024 | 2.436 ± 0.024 |
34 | lilac aldehyde B | 34.84 | 1542 | 0.956 ± 0.007 | 1.097 ± 0.020 | 0.310 ± 0.005 | 1.561 ± 0.031 | 2.310 ± 0.041 |
35 | lilac aldehyde C | 35.06 | 1549 | 0.779 ± 0.016 | 0.886 ± 0.001 | 0.256 ± 0.007 | 1.289 ± 0.026 | 1.919 ± 0.010 |
36 | hotrienol | 35.80 | 1573 | 0.163 ± 0.018 | 4.198 ± 0.400 | 0.036 ± 0.021 | 2.832 ± 0.149 | 0.144 ± 0.013 |
37 | lilac aldehyde D | 35.88 | 1575 | 0.430 ± 0.005 | 0.583 ± 0.010 | 0.138 ± 0.002 | 0.761 ± 0.016 | 1.030 ± 0.008 |
38 | β-cyclocitral | 37.20 | 1618 | 0.032 ± 0.001 | 0.054 ± 0.001 | 0.109 ± 0.007 | 0.074 ± 0.002 | 0.070 ± 0.001 |
39 | phenylacetaldehyde | 37.36 | 1623 | 1.099 ± 0.072 | 2.441 ± 0.057 | 4.018 ± 0.043 | 2.208 ± 0.048 | 1.966 ± 0.067 |
40 | 2-methylbutrate | 37.48 | 1627 | 0.023 ± 0.002 | 0.112 ± 0.010 | 0.294 ± 0.020 | 0.043 ± 0.002 | 0.064 ± 0.004 |
41 | p-methylbenzaldehyde | 37.76 | 1636 | 0.264 ± 0.038 | 0.598 ± 0.101 | 0.784 ± 0.135 | 0.572 ± 0.114 | 0.509 ± 0.153 |
42 | Z-3-hexenyl angelate | 38.13 | 1649 | 0.192 ± 0.004 | 0.043 ± 0.003 | 0.103 ± 0.004 | 0.048 ± 0.001 | 0.068 ± 0.005 |
43 | salicylic aldehyde | 38.58 | 1664 | 0.072 ± 0.004 | 0.195 ± 0.002 | 0.054 ± 0.001 | 0.461 ± 0.008 | 0.116 ± 0.004 |
44 | 4-oxoisophorone | 39.05 | 1679 | 0.739 ± 0.022 | 0.414 ± 0.022 | 0.534 ± 0.018 | 1.048 ± 0.018 | 0.992 ± 0.053 |
45 | lilac alcohol A | 39.87 | 1707 | 0.623 ± 0.035 | 0.590 ± 0.050 | 0.189 ± 0.004 | 0.342 ± 0.006 | 0.930 ± 0.076 |
46 | epoxylinalool | 39.98 | 1710 | 1.346 ± 0.039 | 1.284 ± 0.083 | 0.329 ± 0.009 | 0.210 ± 0.003 | 0.203 ± 0.012 |
47 | lilac alcohol B | 40.51 | 1729 | 0.964 ± 0.040 | 1.299 ± 0.100 | 0.388 ± 0.008 | 0.525 ± 0.016 | 1.555 ± 0.114 |
48 | lilac alcohol C | 41.49 | 1763 | 0.852 ± 0.035 | 0.535 ± 0.030 | 0.217 ± 0.002 | 0.770 ± 0.019 | 1.376 ± 0.105 |
49 | methyl salicylate | 41.56 | 1766 | 2.125 ± 0.131 | 3.034 ± 0.058 | 2.555 ± 0.017 | 12.811 ± 0.298 | 4.683 ± 0.115 |
50 | β-phenethyl acetate | 42.37 | 1794 | 0.132 ± 0.001 | 0.281 ± 0.012 | 0.278 ± 0.009 | 0.908 ± 0.026 | 0.349 ± 0.006 |
51 | lilac alcohol D | 42.55 | 1800 | 1.797 ± 0.104 | 2.280 ± 0.205 | 1.044 ± 0.020 | 0.891 ± 0.033 | 3.379 ± 0.147 |
52 | geraniol | 42.74 | 1807 | 0.024 ± 0.000 | 0.009 ± 0.000 | 0.008 ± 0.001 | 0.009 ± 0.000 | 0.009 ± 0.001 |
53 | benzenemethanol | 43.71 | 1843 | 1.905 ± 0.037 | 1.978 ± 0.122 | 3.094 ± 0.052 | 2.124 ± 0.065 | 3.362 ± 0.092 |
54 | benzeneethanol | 44.79 | 1882 | 10.502 ± 0.364 | 25.032 ± 0.669 | 14.782 ± 0.212 | 31.453 ± 0.480 | 25.039 ± 0.972 |
55 | benzyl nitrile | 45.41 | 1905 | 0.008 ± 0.000 | 1.239 ± 0.022 | 0.027 ± 0.001 | 0.020 ± 0.001 | 0.013 ± 0.001 |
56 | 2-phenylbut-2-enal | 45.62 | 1913 | 0.107 ± 0.003 | 0.265 ± 0.008 | 0.120 ± 0.001 | 0.704 ± 0.020 | 0.384 ± 0.008 |
57 | β-lonone | 46.14 | 1933 | 0.070 ± 0.004 | 0.109 ± 0.004 | 0.214 ± 0.006 | 0.130 ± 0.003 | 0.140 ± 0.005 |
58 | 2-methylphenol | 46.75 | 1956 | 0.068 ± 0.003 | 0.083 ± 0.002 | 0.107 ± 0.002 | 0.090 ± 0.001 | 0.068 ± 0.002 |
59 | E-nerolidol | 47.92 | 2001 | 0.017 ± 0.001 | 0.030 ± 0.002 | 0.004 ± 0.000 | 0.016 ± 0.000 | 0.118 ± 0.003 |
60 | dimethyl salicylate | 48.83 | 2037 | 0.044 ± 0.004 | 0.031 ± 0.001 | 0.491 ± 0.031 | 0.212 ± 0.003 | 0.218 ± 0.008 |
61 | ethyl linalool | 50.58 | 2112 | 0.432 ± 0.007 | 0.461 ± 0.009 | 0.158 ± 0.004 | 0.595 ± 0.004 | 1.017 ± 0.016 |
62 | eugenol | 51.23 | 2154 | 0.155 ± 0.010 | 0.156 ± 0.020 | 0.623 ± 0.013 | 0.078 ± 0.001 | 0.126 ± 0.006 |
63 | 8-hydroxy-6,7-dihydrolinalool | 51.62 | 2180 | 0.355 ± 0.036 | 0.246 ± 0.016 | 0.046 ± 0.007 | 0.893 ± 0.066 | 0.442 ± 0.044 |
64 | methyl palmitate | 52.69 | 2267 | 0.094 ± 0.022 | 0.148 ± 0.027 | 0.288 ± 0.032 | 0.192 ± 0.015 | 0.318 ± 0.019 |
65 | 2-hydroxylinalool | 53.14 | 2307 | 0.408 ± 0.044 | 0.274 ± 0.023 | 0.160 ± 0.026 | 0.431 ± 0.029 | 0.744 ± 0.107 |
66 | 1,3-diacetylbenzene | 55.68 | 2496 | 0.115 ± 0.026 | 0.214 ± 0.050 | 0.191 ± 0.045 | 0.112 ± 0.025 | 0.213 ± 0.043 |
No. | Compound | RT | VIP Value | No. | Compound | RT | VIP Value |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
1 | linalool oxide | 31.04 | 2.89 | 16 | benzaldehyde | 33.71 | 1.01 |
2 | benzeneethanol | 44.79 | 2.59 | 17 | benzenemethanol | 43.71 | 1.01 |
3 | methyl salicylate | 41.56 | 2.56 | 18 | n-hexyl acetate | 24.85 | 1.00 |
4 | l-linalool | 33.88 | 2.48 | 19 | lilac aldehyde C | 35.06 | 0.99 |
5 | hotrienol | 35.80 | 1.80 | 20 | epoxylinalool | 39.98 | 0.92 |
6 | ethanol | 11.91 | 1.65 | 21 | lilac alcohol C | 41.49 | 0.89 |
7 | lilac alcohol D | 42.55 | 1.60 | 22 | 1-hexanol | 27.32 | 0.88 |
8 | β-myrcene | 20.94 | 1.34 | 23 | 2-hexenol | 29.14 | 0.87 |
9 | 2-hexenal | 22.91 | 1.26 | 24 | isovaleraldehyde | 11.50 | 0.87 |
10 | ocimene-2 | 24.21 | 1.21 | 25 | 1,3-ditertarybutylbenzene | 30.75 | 0.86 |
11 | benzyl nitrile | 45.41 | 1.18 | 26 | isoamylalcohol | 21.98 | 0.76 |
12 | lilac aldehyde A | 34.32 | 1.13 | 27 | 4-oxoisophorone | 39.05 | 0.76 |
13 | lilac aldehyde B | 34.84 | 1.08 | 28 | lilac alcohol A | 39.87 | 0.75 |
14 | lilac alcohol B | 40.51 | 1.07 | 29 | ethyl linalool | 50.58 | 0.75 |
15 | 5-ethyl-2,2,3-trimethylheptane | 16.82 | 1.02 | 30 | Z-3-hexenol | 28.47 | 0.75 |
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Lee, Y.-G.; Choi, W.-S.; Yang, S.-O.; Hwang-Bo, J.; Kim, H.-G.; Fang, M.; Yi, T.-H.; Kang, S.C.; Lee, Y.-H.; Baek, N.-I. Volatile Profiles of Five Variants of Abeliophyllum distichum Flowers Using Headspace Solid-Phase Microextraction Gas Chromatography–Mass Spectrometry (HS-SPME-GC-MS) Analysis. Plants 2021, 10, 224. https://doi.org/10.3390/plants10020224
Lee Y-G, Choi W-S, Yang S-O, Hwang-Bo J, Kim H-G, Fang M, Yi T-H, Kang SC, Lee Y-H, Baek N-I. Volatile Profiles of Five Variants of Abeliophyllum distichum Flowers Using Headspace Solid-Phase Microextraction Gas Chromatography–Mass Spectrometry (HS-SPME-GC-MS) Analysis. Plants. 2021; 10(2):224. https://doi.org/10.3390/plants10020224
Chicago/Turabian StyleLee, Yeong-Geun, Won-Sil Choi, Seung-Ok Yang, Jeon Hwang-Bo, Hyoun-Geun Kim, Minzhe Fang, Tae-Hoo Yi, Se Chan Kang, Youn-Hyung Lee, and Nam-In Baek. 2021. "Volatile Profiles of Five Variants of Abeliophyllum distichum Flowers Using Headspace Solid-Phase Microextraction Gas Chromatography–Mass Spectrometry (HS-SPME-GC-MS) Analysis" Plants 10, no. 2: 224. https://doi.org/10.3390/plants10020224