Linguistic Landscape of Arabs in New York City: Application of a Geosemiotics Analysis
Abstract
:1. Introduction
2. Literature Review
2.1. Yemen
2.2. Multilingualism and LLs
- (1)
- Who contributed to the Arab LL in downtown Brooklyn, and for whom were these signs designed?
- (2)
- What are the semiotics of these signs?
3. Materials and Methods
3.1. Data Collection and Setting
3.2. Data Collection Instrument and LL Variation
3.3. Data and Data Analysis
4. Results
- Interaction order
- Visual semiotics
- Place semiotics
4.1. Interaction Order
- Duplicating multilingual writing, which presents the same information in each language;
- Fragmentary multilingualism in which ‘the full information is given in only one language, but in which selected parts have been translated into an additional language’ (p. 10);
- Overlapping multilingual writing, which describes a unit of signage ‘if only part of its information is reported in at least one more language, while other parts of the text are in one language only’ [32]; and
- Complementary multilingual writing ‘in which different parts of the overall information are each rendered in a different language’ [32].
- In Arabic (top): ‘Taste the authentic Arabic and Yemeni dishes’.
- In English (bottom): ‘Come try our original Yemenite dishes’.
- In Arabic: ‘Oriental company for candies and grocery’.
- In English:
- −
- Oriental pastry & Grocery’ (the same as the sign above with a black background).
- −
- Specializing in Middle Eastern Food’ (not translated into Arabic).
- −
- Finest pastries and catering’ (not translated into Arabic).
- In Arabic (top): ‘Gamal for general services’.
- In English (bottom): ‘Gamal Business Services Inc.’.
4.2. Visual Semiotics
4.3. Place Semiotics
5. Discussion
6. Conclusions
Funding
Data Availability Statement
Conflicts of Interest
References
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Alhaider, S.M. Linguistic Landscape of Arabs in New York City: Application of a Geosemiotics Analysis. ISPRS Int. J. Geo-Inf. 2023, 12, 192. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijgi12050192
Alhaider SM. Linguistic Landscape of Arabs in New York City: Application of a Geosemiotics Analysis. ISPRS International Journal of Geo-Information. 2023; 12(5):192. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijgi12050192
Chicago/Turabian StyleAlhaider, Siham Mousa. 2023. "Linguistic Landscape of Arabs in New York City: Application of a Geosemiotics Analysis" ISPRS International Journal of Geo-Information 12, no. 5: 192. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijgi12050192