You are currently on the new version of our website. Access the old version .
ElectronicsElectronics
  • This is an early access version, the complete PDF, HTML, and XML versions will be available soon.
  • Article
  • Open Access

11 January 2026

Multi-Scale Temporal Learning with EEMD Reconstruction for Non-Stationary Error Forecasting in Current Transformers

,
,
and
1
Power Supply Service Management Centre of State Grid Jiangxi Electric Power Co., Ltd., Nanchang 330012, China
2
College of Electrical Engineering and New Energy, China Three Gorges University, Yichang 443002, China
*
Author to whom correspondence should be addressed.
Electronics2026, 15(2), 325;https://doi.org/10.3390/electronics15020325 
(registering DOI)
This article belongs to the Special Issue Advances in Condition Monitoring, Diagnosis, and Prognostics for Power Equipment

Abstract

Current transformer measurement errors exhibit strong non-stationarity and multi-scale temporal dynamics, which make accurate prediction challenging for conventional deep learning models. This paper presents a hybrid signal processing and temporal learning framework that integrates ensemble empirical mode decomposition (EEMD) with a dual-scale temporal convolutional architecture. EEMD adaptively decomposes the error sequence into intrinsic mode functions, while a Pearson correlation-based selection step removes redundant and noise-dominated components. The refined signal is then processed by a dual-scale temporal convolutional network (TCN) designed with parallel dilated kernels to capture both high-frequency transients and long-range drift patterns. Experimental evaluations on 110 kV substation data confirm that the proposed decomposition-enhanced dual-scale temporal convolutional framework significantly improves generalization and robustness, reducing the root mean square error by 40.9% and the mean absolute error by 37.0% compared with benchmark models. The results demonstrate that combining decomposition-based preprocessing with multi-scale temporal learning effectively enhances the accuracy and stability of non-stationary current transformer error forecasting.

Article Metrics

Citations

Article Access Statistics

Article metric data becomes available approximately 24 hours after publication online.