Expression of the Self-Sharpening Mechanism of a Roller Cone Bit during Wear Due to the Influence of the Erosion Protection Carbide Coating
Abstract
:1. Introduction
2. Materials and Methods
- Examination of the cross section of the teeth with an electron microscope SEM (scanning electron microscope) Jeol JSM 5610 (Jeol Ltd., Akashima, Japan) and quantitative microchemical analysis performed with an energy dispersive spectrometer EDS (energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy);
- The chemical composition of the tooth steel was determined using an ARL MA-310 (ThermoFisher Scientific Inc., Waltham, MA, USA) optical emission spectrometer;
- The composition of the carbide coating of the teeth of the bit was determined by the XRF method (X-ray fluorescence spectrometry) using a Thermo NITON XL3t XRF analyser (ThermoFisher Scientific Inc., Waltham, MA, USA);
- Simultaneous thermal analysis (STA) of the tooth steel and the carbide coating of the teeth of the bit carried out with a Nech Jupiter STA449C (Netzsch-Gerätebau GmbH, Selb, Germany);
- Analysis of the micro - and macrostructure of the materials of the roller cone drill bit using the Olympus BX61 metallographic microscope (Olympus Europa SE & CO, Hamburg, Germany) and the Olympus SZ61 stereomicroscope (Olympus Europa SE & CO, Hamburg, Germany) with the Analysis 6.0 image analysis system;
- Chemical analysis of the tooth steel was studied with an ICP analyser (Inductively Coupled Plasma) ICP-OES Agillent 720 (Agilent Technologies, Inc., Mulgrave, Australia);
- Determination of dimensional changes of the tooth steel and carbide coating during heating and cooling in a low temperature dilatometer Bähr DIL 801 (TA Instruments Co., New Castle, DE, USA);
- Measurement of microhardness of the examined samples according to Vickers in the microhardness tester Shimadzu type M (Shimadzu Co., Kyoto, Japan) in connection with a optical microscope Olympus BX61 (Olympus Europa SE & CO, Hamburg, Germany), equipped with the image analysis system Analysis 6.0. The load used in the test was 100 g.
- A survey of the characteristic sample of rock through which drilling was done;
- Analysis of the geochemical and mineral composition of the rock sample using the Thermo NITON XL3t XRF (ThermoFisher Scientific Inc., Waltham, MA, USA) (X-ray fluorescence) analyzer;
- Analysis of the micro and macro structure of the rock using Olympus SZ61 stereo microscope (Olympus Europa SE & CO, Hamburg, Germany) with Analysis 6.0 image analysis system;
- Verification of the strength and deformation properties of the rock according to the ASTM D7012-10 standard, which includes the determination of uniaxial compressive strength and elastic modulus in the Hoek cell;
- Determination of rock density according to the standard ISO/TS 17892-2: 2004.
3. Results
3.1. Drilling
3.2. Rock Material
3.3. Roller Cone Drill Bit
3.3.1. Visual Inspection of the Roller Cone Drill Bit after Drilling
3.3.2. Results of Steel Investigations
3.3.3. Results of the Investigation of Tooth Steel Materials with SEM
- Prefabricated spherical WC pellets, sizes 100 to 300 µm, bonded with cobalt binder
- Polycrystalline WC sizes from 10 µm to 100 µm
- Binder bonding WC spheres and WC polycrystals in Co and Fe-based (matrix) and also containing nanoparticles of WC in sizes from 0.06 µm to 0.25 µm
3.3.4. Results of Examination of Tooth Steel and Carbide Coating by STA
3.3.5. Results of Examination of Materials in a Low–Temperature Dilatometer
3.3.6. Results of the Microhardness Test According to Vickers
4. Discussion
5. Conclusions
Author Contributions
Funding
Institutional Review Board Statement
Informed Consent Statement
Data Availability Statement
Conflicts of Interest
References
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Parameter | Value | Units |
---|---|---|
Uniaxial compressive strength (σ) | 30 | MPa |
Density (ρ) | 2.007 | Mg/m3 |
Cohesion (c) | 0.361 | MPa |
Elastic module (E) | 3098 | MPa |
Angle of internal friction | 51.2 | ° |
Content of SiO2 | 47.49 | % |
Content of Al2O3 | 10.57 | % |
Content of CaO | 9.82 | % |
Quartz content | 47.30 | % |
Dolomite content | 23.80 | % |
Plagioclases content | 12.10 | % |
Muscovite/illite content | 8.30 | % |
Element | Mass. % |
---|---|
Ni | 3.500 |
Mn | 0.590 |
Si | 0.250 |
Mo | 0.201 |
Cu | 0.180 |
C | 0.145 |
Cr | 0.110 |
Al | 0.053 |
V | 0.010 |
P | 0.007 |
Nb | 0.005 |
Ti | 0.005 |
N | <0.003 |
S | 0.002 |
Fe | 96.5 |
Element | Location | ||||||||||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
1 | 2 | 3 | 4 | 5 | |||||||||||
Error 2-sig | Concentration | Error 2-sig | Concentration | Error 2-sig | Concentration | Error 2-sig | Concentration | Error 2-sig | Concentration | ||||||
at.% | wt.% | at.% | wt.% | at.% | wt.% | at.% | wt.% | at.% | wt.% | ||||||
Si | 0.403 | 0.497 | 0.250 | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - |
Mn | 0.431 | 0.347 | 0.342 | 1.031 | 2.445 | 2.244 | - | - | - | - | - | - | 0.778 | 2.503 | 1.284 |
Fe | 6.218 | 95.876 | 95.958 | 5.772 | 90.158 | 84.128 | 0.594 | 2.913 | 0.903 | - | - | - | 3.462 | 55.166 | 28.772 |
Ni | 0.944 | 3.279 | 3.450 | 0.494 | 0.958 | 0.940 | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - |
Co | - | - | - | 1.055 | 3.397 | 3.345 | - | - | - | - | - | - | 0.678 | 2.345 | 1.291 |
W | - | - | - | 1.566 | 3.014 | 9.343 | 2.627 | 97.087 | 99.097 | 5.563 | 100.00 | 100.00 | 2.196 | 39.986 | 68.653 |
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Šporin, J.; Mrvar, P.; Janc, B.; Vukelić, Ž. Expression of the Self-Sharpening Mechanism of a Roller Cone Bit during Wear Due to the Influence of the Erosion Protection Carbide Coating. Coatings 2021, 11, 1308. https://doi.org/10.3390/coatings11111308
Šporin J, Mrvar P, Janc B, Vukelić Ž. Expression of the Self-Sharpening Mechanism of a Roller Cone Bit during Wear Due to the Influence of the Erosion Protection Carbide Coating. Coatings. 2021; 11(11):1308. https://doi.org/10.3390/coatings11111308
Chicago/Turabian StyleŠporin, Jurij, Primož Mrvar, Blaž Janc, and Željko Vukelić. 2021. "Expression of the Self-Sharpening Mechanism of a Roller Cone Bit during Wear Due to the Influence of the Erosion Protection Carbide Coating" Coatings 11, no. 11: 1308. https://doi.org/10.3390/coatings11111308