Being Born in Winter–Spring and at Around the Time of an Influenza Pandemic Are Risk Factors for the Development of Schizophrenia: The Apna Study in Navarre, Spain
Abstract
:1. Introduction
2. Materials and Methods
2.1. The Population Studied
2.2. Statistical Analysis
3. Results
4. Discussion
Author Contributions
Funding
Institutional Review Board Statement
Informed Consent Statement
Data Availability Statement
Acknowledgments
Conflicts of Interest
References
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Total | ||
---|---|---|
N (Mean) | % (SD) | |
Age | 5046 | 18.45 |
18–30 | 67,239 | 14.28% |
31–40 | 86,097 | 18.28% |
41–50 | 95,766 | 20.33% |
51–60 | 79,564 | 16.89% |
61–70 | 61,553 | 13.07% |
71–80 | 43,776 | 9.30% |
81–90 | 30,114 | 6.39% |
91–100 | 6626 | 1.41% |
>100 | 207 | 0.04% |
Total | 470,942 | 100% |
Sex | ||
Female | 238,403 | 50.6% |
Male | 232,539 | 49.4% |
Total | 470,942 | 100.0 |
Schizophrenia | ||
No | 468,865 | 99.56% |
Yes | 2077 | 0.44% |
Total | 470,942 | 100.0 |
Male | Female | Total | ||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Age | N | % | N | % | N | % |
−25 | 22,168 | 0.2% | 21,115 | 0.1% | 43,283 | 0.2% |
−30 | 15,524 | 0.4% | 15,108 | 0.2% | 30,632 | 0.3% |
−35 | 20,419 | 0.6% | 19,861 | 0.3% | 40,280 | 0.4% |
−40 | 25,231 | 0.8% | 23,991 | 0.3% | 49,222 | 0.5% |
−45 | 25,035 | 0.7% | 23,574 | 0.3% | 48,609 | 0.5% |
−50 | 23,588 | 0.7% | 22,576 | 0.4% | 46,164 | 0.6% |
−55 | 21,100 | 0.6% | 20,269 | 0.4% | 41,369 | 0.5% |
−60 | 17,957 | 0.6% | 17,572 | 0.6% | 35,529 | 0.6% |
−65 | 15,667 | 0.5% | 15,554 | 0.5% | 31,221 | 0.5% |
−70 | 14,261 | 0.4% | 15,016 | 0.4% | 29,277 | 0.4% |
−75 | 10,858 | 0.4% | 11,900 | 0.5% | 22,758 | 0.4% |
−80 | 8675 | 0.3% | 10,831 | 0.4% | 19,506 | 0.4% |
>80 | 12,056 | 0.2% | 21,036 | 0.3% | 33,092 | 0.3% |
Total | 232,539 | 0.5% | 238,403 | 0.4% | 470,942 | 0.4% |
Variable | N | % | OR (Crude) | IC 95% | OR (Adjusted *) | IC 95% |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Age | 470,942 | 0.44% | 1.003 | 1.001–1.006 | 1.005 | 1.002–1.007 |
Sex | ||||||
Female | 238,403 | 0.35% | 1 | - | 1 | - |
Male | 232,539 | 0.53% | 1.506 | 1.380–1.645 | 1.516 | 1.388–1.655 |
Season | ||||||
Summer–Autumn | 230,900 | 0.42% | 1 | |||
Winter–Spring | 240,042 | 0.46% | 1.115 | 1.023–1.216 | 1.112 | 1.020–1.212 |
Influenza pandemic | ||||||
No | 400,203 | 0.42% | 1 | - | 1 | - |
Any influenza Pandemic | 70,739 | 0.56% | 1.335 | 1.199–1.486 | 1.349 | 1.208–1.507 |
1957–1959 Pandemic | 22,861 | 0.63% | 1.515 | 1.278–1.796 | 1.476 | 1.244–1.750 |
1968–1970 Pandemic | 28,780 | 0.52% | 1.235 | 1.044–1.461 | 1.261 | 1.064–1.493 |
1977–1978 Pandemic | 19,098 | 0.50% | 1.203 | 1.013–1.430 | 1.280 | 1.072–1.528 |
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Alvarez-Mon, M.A.; Guillen-Aguinaga, S.; Pereira-Sanchez, V.; Onambele, L.; Al-Rahamneh, M.J.; Brugos-Larumbe, A.; Guillen-Grima, F.; Ortuño, F. Being Born in Winter–Spring and at Around the Time of an Influenza Pandemic Are Risk Factors for the Development of Schizophrenia: The Apna Study in Navarre, Spain. J. Clin. Med. 2021, 10, 2859. https://doi.org/10.3390/jcm10132859
Alvarez-Mon MA, Guillen-Aguinaga S, Pereira-Sanchez V, Onambele L, Al-Rahamneh MJ, Brugos-Larumbe A, Guillen-Grima F, Ortuño F. Being Born in Winter–Spring and at Around the Time of an Influenza Pandemic Are Risk Factors for the Development of Schizophrenia: The Apna Study in Navarre, Spain. Journal of Clinical Medicine. 2021; 10(13):2859. https://doi.org/10.3390/jcm10132859
Chicago/Turabian StyleAlvarez-Mon, Miguel A., Sara Guillen-Aguinaga, Victor Pereira-Sanchez, Luc Onambele, Moad J. Al-Rahamneh, Antonio Brugos-Larumbe, Francisco Guillen-Grima, and Felipe Ortuño. 2021. "Being Born in Winter–Spring and at Around the Time of an Influenza Pandemic Are Risk Factors for the Development of Schizophrenia: The Apna Study in Navarre, Spain" Journal of Clinical Medicine 10, no. 13: 2859. https://doi.org/10.3390/jcm10132859
APA StyleAlvarez-Mon, M. A., Guillen-Aguinaga, S., Pereira-Sanchez, V., Onambele, L., Al-Rahamneh, M. J., Brugos-Larumbe, A., Guillen-Grima, F., & Ortuño, F. (2021). Being Born in Winter–Spring and at Around the Time of an Influenza Pandemic Are Risk Factors for the Development of Schizophrenia: The Apna Study in Navarre, Spain. Journal of Clinical Medicine, 10(13), 2859. https://doi.org/10.3390/jcm10132859