Acceptance of COVID-19 Vaccination during the COVID-19 Pandemic in China
Abstract
:1. Introduction
2. Materials and Methods
2.1. Study Design, Population and Sampling
2.2. Measures
2.3. Statistical Analysis
3. Results
3.1. Study Sample Characteristics
3.2. Acceptance, Preferences and Impact Factors of the Future COVID-19 Vaccine
3.3. Influencing Factors of Vaccination Acceptance
4. Discussion
5. Conclusions
Supplementary Materials
Author Contributions
Funding
Conflicts of Interest
Appendix A
Provincial Administrative Regions | Respondents (N = 2058) |
---|---|
N (%) | |
Beijing | 138 (6.7) |
Tianjin | 37 (1.8) |
Hebei | 96 (4.7) |
Shanxi | 68 (3.3) |
Inner Mongolia | 24 (1.2) |
Liaoning | 69 (3.4) |
Jilin | 24 (1.2) |
Heilongjiang | 38 (1.8) |
Shanghai | 146 (7.1) |
Jiangsu | 130 (6.3) |
Zhejiang | 88 (4.3) |
Anhui | 62 (3.0) |
Fujian | 62 (3.0) |
Jiangxi | 38 (1.8) |
Shandong | 129 (6.3) |
Henan | 134 (6.5) |
Hubei | 99 (4.8) |
Hunan | 68 (3.3) |
Guangdong | 295 (14.3) |
Guangxi | 64 (3.1) |
Hainan | 5 (0.2) |
Chongqing | 30 (1.5) |
Sichuan | 86 (4.2) |
Guizhou | 19 (0.9) |
Yunnan | 18 (0.9) |
Tibet | 1 (0.0) |
Shaanxi | 51 (2.5) |
Gansu | 17 (0.8) |
Qinghai | 2 (0.1) |
Ningxia | 7 (0.3) |
Xinjiang | 13 (0.6) |
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Items | Respondents (n = 2058) N (%) |
---|---|
Age group | |
18–25 | 475 (23.1) |
26–30 | 400 (19.4) |
31–40 | 523 (25.4) |
41–50 | 510 (24.8) |
51 and above | 150 (7.3) |
Gender | |
Female | 1115 (54.2) |
Male | 943 (45.8) |
Highest level of education | |
Middle school and below | 123 (6.0) |
High school | 663 (32.2) |
Associate or bachelor | 1140 (55.4) |
Master and above | 132 (6.4) |
Marriage status | |
Married | 1385 (67.3) |
Others (single, divorced or widowed) | 673 (32.7) |
Location | |
Central | 531 (25.8) |
East | 1195 (58.1) |
West | 332 (16.1) |
Region | |
Rural | 420 (20.4) |
Urban | 1638 (79.6) |
Employment status | |
Employed | 1651 (80.2) |
Unemployed | 407 (19.8) |
Health status | |
Good and above (good, very good) | 1527 (74.2) |
Fair or below (fair, poor, very poor) | 531 (25.8) |
Total family income in 2019 | |
≤CNY 50,000 (USD 7246) | 277 (13.4) |
CNY 50,000–100,000 (USD 7246–14,492) | 548 (26.6) |
CNY 100,000–150,000 (USD 14,492–21,739) | 506 (24.6) |
CNY 150,000–200,000 (USD 21,739–28,986) | 352 (17.1) |
CNY 200,000–300,000 (USD 28,986–43,478) | 239 (11.7) |
CNY 300,000 (USD 43,478) | 136 (6.6) |
There are confirmed or suspected cases in the county | |
Yes | 1538 (74.7) |
No or not clear | 520 (25.3) |
Perceived risk of infection | |
High or very high | 251 (12.2) |
Fair | 575 (27.9) |
Low or very low | 1232 (59.9) |
Pandemic impact on daily life | |
Large or very large | 1368 (66.5) |
Fair | 497 (24.1) |
Small or very small | 193 (9.4) |
Pandemic impact on work | |
Large or very large | 1326 (64.4) |
Fair | 402 (19.5) |
Small or very small | 191 (9.3) |
Missing | 139 (6.8) |
Pandemic impact on income | |
Large or very large | 905 (44.0) |
Fair | 467 (22.7) |
Small or very small | 325 (15.8) |
Missing | 361 (17.5) |
Received vaccination against influenza in the past season | |
Yes | 301 (14.6) |
No | 1757 (85.4) |
Refused vaccination of a certain type of vaccine in the past | |
Yes | 459 (22.3) |
No | 1599 (77.7) |
Items | N (%) |
---|---|
Overall respondents (n = 2058) | |
COVID-19 vaccination is an effective way to prevent and control COVID-19 | |
Yes | 1842 (89.5) |
No | 216 (10.5) |
Accept vaccination if the COVID-19 vaccine is successfully developed and approved for listing in the future | |
Yes | 1879 (91.3) |
No | 179 (8.7) |
Doctor’s recommendation is an important factor in vaccination decision-making | |
Yes | 1659 (80.6) |
No | 399 (19.4) |
Vaccine convenience (vaccination method, frequency, distance to vaccination sites, etc.) is an important factor in vaccination decision-making | |
Yes | 1558 (75.7) |
No | 500 (23.3) |
Vaccine price is an important factor in vaccination decision-making | |
Yes | 1233 (59.9) |
No | 825 (40.1) |
Vaccine accept group (N = 1879) | |
Want to receive vaccination as soon as possible when the vaccine is available | |
Yes, as soon as possible | 980 (52.2) |
No, delay vaccination until I confirmed the vaccine safety | 899 (47.8) |
Prefer which kind of immunization schedules of the COVID-19 vaccination | |
Routine immunization | 928 (49.4) |
Emergency vaccination | 169 (9.0) |
Both are acceptable | 782 (41.6) |
Prefer which type of COVID-19 vaccines | |
Domestic vaccine | 611 (32.5) |
Imported vaccine | 62 (3.3) |
Both are acceptable | 1206 (64.2) |
Characteristics | OR | SE | p-Value | 95% CI |
---|---|---|---|---|
Age group | ||||
18–25 | Ref | |||
26–30 | 1.15 | 0.23 | 0.48 | 0.78–1.70 |
31–40 | 1.00 | 0.21 | 0.99 | 0.66–1.52 |
41–50 | 1.05 | 0.22 | 0.81 | 0.69–1.60 |
>51 | 1.65 | 0.48 | 0.09 | 0.93–2.92 |
Gender | ||||
Female | Ref | |||
Male | 1.25 | 0.13 | 0.03 | 1.03–1.52 |
Highest level of education | ||||
Middle school and below | Ref | |||
High school | 1.11 | 0.26 | 0.67 | 0.70–1.75 |
Associate or Bachelor | 1.27 | 0.31 | 0.33 | 0.79–2.04 |
Master and above | 1.09 | 0.34 | 0.79 | 0.59–2.00 |
Marriage status | ||||
Others (single, divorced or widowed) | Ref | |||
Married | 1.70 | 0.26 | <0.001 | 1.26–2.29 |
Location | ||||
Central | Ref | |||
East | 0.88 | 0.11 | 0.29 | 0.69–1.11 |
West | 1.03 | 0.16 | 0.84 | 0.76–1.40 |
Region | ||||
Rural | Ref | |||
Urban | 0.84 | 0.11 | 0.18 | 0.65–1.09 |
Employment status | ||||
Unemployed | Ref | |||
Employed | 1.03 | 0.51 | 0.96 | 0.39–2.7 |
Health status | ||||
Fair or below (fair, poor, very poor) | Ref | |||
Good and above (good, very good) | 1.16 | 0.14 | 0.21 | 0.92–1.46 |
Total family income in 2019 | ||||
≤CNY 50,000 (USD 7246) | Ref | |||
CNY 50,000–100,000 (USD 7246–14,492) | 0.84 | 0.15 | 0.32 | 0.60–1.18 |
CNY 100,000–150,000 (USD 14,492–21,739) | 0.73 | 0.13 | 0.08 | 0.51–1.04 |
CNY 150,000–200,000 (USD 21,739–28,986) | 0.82 | 0.16 | 0.32 | 0.56–1.21 |
CNY 200,000–300,000 (USD 28,986–43,478) | 0.82 | 0.18 | 0.38 | 0.53–1.27 |
≥CNY 300,000 (USD 43,478) | 1.05 | 0.27 | 0.85 | 0.64–1.73 |
There are confirmed or suspected cases in the county | ||||
No or not clear | Ref | |||
Yes | 0.72 | 0.09 | 0.01 | 0.57–0.91 |
Perceived risk of infection | ||||
Fair | Ref | |||
High or very high | 1.46 | 0.25 | 0.03 | 1.04–2.05 |
Small or very small | 1.02 | 0.12 | 0.89 | 0.81–1.27 |
Pandemic impact on daily life | ||||
Fair | Ref | |||
Large or very large | 1.02 | 0.13 | 0.90 | 0.80–1.30 |
Small or very small | 0.69 | 0.14 | 0.07 | 0.46–1.04 |
Pandemic impact on work | ||||
Fair | Ref | |||
Large or very large | 1.03 | 0.15 | 0.82 | 0.78–1.36 |
Small or very small | 0.88 | 0.19 | 0.55 | 0.57–1.34 |
Pandemic impact on income | ||||
Fair | Ref | |||
Large or very large | 0.96 | 0.13 | 0.74 | 0.74–1.24 |
Small or very small | 0.81 | 0.14 | 0.20 | 0.58–1.12 |
Received vaccination against influenza in the past season | ||||
No | Ref | |||
Yes | 1.90 | 0.27 | <0.001 | 1.43–2.51 |
Refused vaccination of a certain type of vaccine in the past | ||||
No | Ref | |||
Yes | 0.81 | 0.10 | 0.09 | 0.64–1.03 |
COVID-19 vaccination is an effective way to prevent and control COVID-19 | ||||
No | Ref | |||
Yes | 1.56 | 0.29 | 0.02 | 1.08–2.25 |
Doctor’s recommendation is an important factor in vaccination decision-making | ||||
No | Ref | |||
Yes | 2.32 | 0.33 | <0.001 | 1.76–3.07 |
Vaccine convenience (vaccination method, frequency, distance to vaccination sites, etc.) is an important factor in vaccination decision-making | ||||
No | Ref | |||
Yes | 0.69 | 0.09 | <0.001 | 0.54–0.89 |
Vaccine price is an important factor in vaccination decision-making | ||||
No | Ref | |||
Yes | 0.75 | 0.08 | 0.01 | 0.61–0.93 |
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Wang, J.; Jing, R.; Lai, X.; Zhang, H.; Lyu, Y.; Knoll, M.D.; Fang, H. Acceptance of COVID-19 Vaccination during the COVID-19 Pandemic in China. Vaccines 2020, 8, 482. https://doi.org/10.3390/vaccines8030482
Wang J, Jing R, Lai X, Zhang H, Lyu Y, Knoll MD, Fang H. Acceptance of COVID-19 Vaccination during the COVID-19 Pandemic in China. Vaccines. 2020; 8(3):482. https://doi.org/10.3390/vaccines8030482
Chicago/Turabian StyleWang, Jiahao, Rize Jing, Xiaozhen Lai, Haijun Zhang, Yun Lyu, Maria Deloria Knoll, and Hai Fang. 2020. "Acceptance of COVID-19 Vaccination during the COVID-19 Pandemic in China" Vaccines 8, no. 3: 482. https://doi.org/10.3390/vaccines8030482